Dialogue design implications of task allocation between man and computer

It is argued that the form of dialogue required in man-computer interaction is dependent upon the nature of the task and the allocation for task functions between man and computer. The paper examines the design implications of two task variables; task openness and task frequency. It concludes that one of man's essential roles in the operation of man-computer systems is to cope adaptively with the openness in the system and that one of the problems of current systems is that they infer a closed model of the task that may inhibit the user in his efforts to provide an adaptive contribution.

The paper considers the kinds of constrained languages appropriate for closed tasks and the command languages necessary to make flexible and powerful use of computer facilities when the task is open. It raises the dilemma of the infrequent user with open-ended tasks who needs a complex formal language but is unwilling or unable to master it. A number of solutions are offered to this dilemma. Finally, a plea is made for the development of task analysis methods which attempt to assess openness in order that designers do not assume tasks exhibit a greater degree of closure than is found in practice.     

基于虚拟环境和人在回路中的计算机应用

随着计算机技术的快发发展,计算机虚拟网络环境给人们所带来的巨大改变,越来越受到人们的追求和青睐,因此,本文就什么是虚拟环境和人在回路中计算机应用的几个主要领域进行了详细的探讨。     

The theatre through the computer

There is a long history of the theatre being used with educational purposes. Now the evolution of multimedia resources provide an opportunity to implement theatre through the computer. Although software for the production of multimedia stories exist, they give little attention to the necessary interface aspects required for a virtual theatre implementation. The objective of this work is to present the Theatre in the Computer (TC); software especially developed for the education of children. This software can be used to produce and to distribute plays through the Internet. The educational possibilities of TC are discussed here.     

The market and computer technology

What is the impact of economics on vendors of chips, systems, software, and applications? The author looks at the issues we all need to understand when considering the market and its impact on our technology. This essay reviews a few of the economic factors that shape the emergence, development, and “control” of an open standard     

The olivetti-INAC computer

A new computer, designed by researchers from the I.N.A.C. and from the OGE Electronic Research Laboratory, has been produced by OGE in compliance with the scientific collaboration plan drawn up between the C. N. R. and the Italian Data Processing industry. The main features of the computer are here described with special emphasis on those which are oriented toward fast and efficient compilation.     

The geological computer

A “machine” is proposed which works with a geologist (or other scientist) to help him in his everyday work. The machine consists of a relational data base, highly structured processing software designed to reflect geological thinking and input/output interface software to aid a user of the system. The G-EXEC System represents a partial implementation of such a “geological computer”.     

The sudden experience of the computer

The experience of computer use can be productively articulated with concepts developed in the phenomenological tradition of philosophy. Building on the insights of classical phenomenologists, Ihde has advanced a sophisticated view of the ways humans relate to technology. I review and expand on his notions of “technological mediation,” “embodiment,” and “multistability,” and apply them to the experience of computer interface. In particular, I explore the experience of using a computer that fails to work properly. A revealing example is the experience of a user who suddenly and unexpectedly encounters a slowly-loading webpage while using the Internet. This phenomenological framework provides an account of the ways a suddenly failing technology changes our relationships to the device, to the world, and to ourselves, and it also suggests how this experience can be usefully reconceptualized.

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The myth of the educational computer

To dispel the delusion that the computer by itself can educate, the author believes computer professionals need to press for reforms that properly exploit digital technology in the classroom. He feels that the current computer-as-educator delusion is harmful and yet seems to go largely unquestioned, even by computing professionals. Despite the fact that good technical work is being done to develop courseware, what seems to be missing is a full appreciation of the relationship between technology and education. Literature on the subject suggests that much of the work done by computing professionals is isolated from what generally goes on in schools. The computing profession's focus seems to been how to find smart ways to use computers in the classroom, not on how to solve the really important problems deplored in the educational literature. The author claims that if the profession was doing all its educational computing work in close partnership with professional educators, more computing professionals would be pressing for the reforms needed to exploit digital technology properly. The primary responsibility for what happens in schools must remain with the professional educators. But educators need the support of the computing profession to ensure that they are fully and properly trained and supported in their use of computers     

试析计算机网络与信息安全系统的构建与关键技术

随着科技的发展与社会的进步,互联网在人们生活中的应用越来越广泛,成为人们相互沟通的重要形式,对计算机网络的需求与依赖性越来越强.但由于信息之间越来越具有共享性,网络信息在给人们生活和工作带来便利的同时也带来的很多的安全问题,如常见的是人们在应用计算机时常常遭到黑客的袭击,导致个人隐秘的资料或工作机密外露,给生活和工作带来不必要的麻烦.这就要求我们构建科学的计算机网络与信息安全系统,完善计算机网络安全体系.     

The evolution of the gingerbread man

Two versions of the evolution of the Gingerbread Man for the iteration z → z^x + c are presented. A previously published version shows an asymmetric evolution as positive real x increases, while a new version shows a symmetric evolution, and several interesting features. Fractal “growth” is described that occurs along certain “shock” lines with this new evolution. A floating “object” appears while approaching certain positive even integer values of x. Finally, a few comments are made about images created from negative values of x.