中国和瑞典将合作开发生物质能源项目

据中国-瑞典利用木薯秸秆开发生物质能源高效热电联产项目研讨会透露的消息,2010年,中国和瑞典将充分利用广西丰富的木薯秸秆资源,合作开发发电、产热和生产固体颗粒成型燃料生物质能源高效热电联产项目。     

重视秸秆发电项目燃料资源的可靠性

该文拟通过秸秆发电项目可行性研究部分实例的分析，对其燃料资源评估方面需要注意的问题进行探讨，从而使同类型项目燃料来源的可靠性得到重视。     

我国秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电与加工技术前景探讨

农作物秸秆是宝贵的资源,但利用率很低。将农作物秸秆加工成成型燃料用于掺烧发电等,既可增加农民收入,保护生态环境,又能有效解决我国能源紧缺的矛盾。分析国内外秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电技术与装备、秸秆成型燃料加工技术与装备的发展现状、存在问题和发展前景,提出秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电与加工技术装备行业的健康发展保障措施。     

秸秆资源利用方式与开发对策

秸秆资源利用方式,秸秆燃料、秸秆饲料、秸秆气化发电、秸秆液化、秸秆造纸。对秸秆资源综合利用的开发对策。     

直燃发电是当前我国秸秆规模化利用的理想方式

回顾了我国秸秆资源化利用的发展现状,论证了能源化利用是秸秆资源产业化利用的关键途径.在此基础上,通过对包括秸秆制液体生物燃料、气化发电、掺煤混烧发电和直燃发电等多种秸秆能源化利用技术,从原理、发展现状和优劣势等多方面的综合分析,论证了秸秆直燃发电是当前我国科学有效地大规模利用秸秆资源的较理想方式的观点.     

秸秆直燃发电项目经济分析及建议

以30MW机组配置的棉秸秆直燃发电项目为例进行经济分析。结合当前我国关于生物质发电的政策,分析和讨论了上网电价和秸秆燃料成本2个因素对投资回收期（PBP）、净现值（NPv）和内部收益率（IRR）的影响,对秸秆发电项目的发展提出了相关建议。     

秸秆成型燃料加工装备与掺烧发电研究

将农作物秸秆加工成成型燃料用于掺烧发电等,既可增加农民收入,保护生态环境,又能有效解决我国能源紧缺的矛盾.在分析了国内外秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电技术与装备、秸秆成型燃料加工技术与装备的发展现状、存在问题的基础上,对秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电技术和装备、秸秆成型燃料加工技术的发展前景进行了探索,并就秸秆成型燃料掺烧发电与加工技术装备行业的健康发展提出了保障措施.     

秸秆直接燃烧供热发电项目资源可供性调研和相关问题的研究(1)

一秸秆资源可供性调研的必要性和基本概念1秸秆资源可供性调研的必要性欧美发达国家的秸秆直燃供热发电经验说明,用农作物秸秆作为燃料进行直燃供热发电,须具备一定的基本条件,主要是入炉秸秆含水量要小于     

秸秆发电厂输料系统通风除尘的设计

以国能某生物质能发电项目输料系统为例,概述了秸秆发电厂燃料特性以及燃料输送系统的形式,针对秸秆粉尘和秸秆输送系统的特点和注意事项,阐述了地下料斗、转运站、输料栈桥等建筑物的通风除尘设计方案,为下一步制定设计规范提供依据.     

农作物秸秆发电的各种技术路线分析与研究

农作物秸秆分布广,产量大,是最有发展前景的可再生能源之一.在常规能源紧缺,环境污染严重的背景下,用秸秆替代化石燃料(煤)发电,在改善能源结构、节能减排和保护环境等方面.有着深远的意义.我国秸秆发电项目刚刚起步,秸秆发电有不同技术路线,而各种路线有不同的特点.虽然已有对秸秆发电技术的相关研究,但缺乏针对秸秆发电的不同技术路线特点,系统全面的比较与研究.基于江苏省现有的秸秆直燃、秸秆/煤混燃、秸秆(谷壳)气化发电技术,文中对这三种技术路线进行了系统的分析和比较.     

关于农作物生物质直燃发电资源调查需注意的若干问题

随着国家促进生物质资源利用政策的不断推出,农作物生物质资源直燃发电项目得到了快速发展,在实际操作中发现相当部分项目实施单位对生物质直燃发电资源调查工作未能给予足够的重视,未做深入细致的调研工作,使项目建成后由于燃料问题导致运营成本增加,投资风险加大。利用编制和审核调查报告经验总结,揭示农作物生物质资源直燃发电资源调研工作中需注意的问题,希望能对生物质资源利用工作有所促进。     

秸秆气固燃料二元联产的可行性与经济性研究

以玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为研究对象,通过测定二者厌氧发酵后的沼气、沼渣产量及热值,探讨秸秆气固燃料二元联产的综合能源利用效率与经济效益。结果表明,由于发酵后秸秆沼渣中木质素含量增大,沼渣热值也有所增大;沼渣成型燃料密度、机械耐久性等特性均优于原秸秆;秸秆气固燃料二元联产综合能源利用效率较秸秆直接燃烧可提高40%~50%(以发电量计);因免除收集、运输和粉碎等成本,秸秆沼渣生产成型燃料的综合成本较秸秆压块单独生产模式可节省46.4%。     

浅谈如何确立秸秆原料储备战略和科学化收储运模式

在不可再生能源逐渐减少的今天,开发可再生能源利用是国际的大方向。农作物、农林废弃物等的生物质能,作为可再生能源的一种,其开发和利用是可行的。不论生物质发电,还是生物质的其他利用,秸秆原料的保证和科学的收储运模式,是保证生物质能利用的动力。确立良好的秸秆原料储备战略机制,是保证燃料供应的基础;科学化的收储运模式是提高秸秆资源利用的根本,也是保证秸秆发电(即生物质发电)的稳定运营的最基本的环节。     

The role of renewable and sustainable energy in the energy mix of Malaysia: a review

Energy consumption has risen in Malaysia because of developing strategies and increasing rate of population. Depletion of fossil fuel resources, fluctuation in the crude oil prices, and emersion of new environmental problems due to greenhouse gasses effects of fossil fuel combustion have convinced governments to invest in development of power generation based on renewable and sustainable energy (RSE) resources. Recently, power generation from RSE resources has been taken into account in the energy mix of every country to supply the annual electricity demand. In this paper, the scenario of the energy mix of Malaysia and the role of RSE resources in power generation are studied. Major RSE sources, namely biomass and biogas, hydro‐electricity, solar energy, and wind energy, are discussed, focusing more toward the electrical energy demand for electrification. It is found that power generation based on biomass and biogas utilization, solar power generation, and hydropower has enough spaces for more development in Malaysia. Moreover, minihydropower and wind power generation could be effective for rural regions of Malaysia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biomass power: Exploring the diffusion challenges in Spain

The use of biomass resources for power generation offers numerous benefits of interest for political decision-makers: fuel security, rural and industrial development, ecological benefits. In Spain, policy instruments have been used since 1980 to stimulate biomass power generation. However, the diffusion outcome by 2007 was very disappointing: only 525 MW. This paper argues that two factors lie at the core of this: the conceptualization of biomass resources by political decision-makers in the instruments used, and the desire that policy instruments be in line with market liberalization principles. These generated a persistent economic obstacle for biomass power generation, and impeded the development of markets for the supply of biomass resources. The policy learning regarding the heterogeneity of biomass resources, and the investors’ expectations on risks, profitability and resource markets was very slow among political decision-makers. The paper contributes to the understanding of diffusion outcomes by proposing to analyse diffusion by means of five indicators: types of resources, technologies, developers, motivations to invest and project sizes. Besides, the paper shows the usefulness of investigating policy instruments in terms of their risk and profitability characteristics. This enables a better understanding of the diffusion patterns and outcomes.     

Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980–2002 based on exergy—Part 2: Renewable energy sources and forest

This second part is the continuation of the first part on fossil fuels and energy minerals. The major renewable energy sources and forest products entering the Chinese society from 1980 to 2002, including sunlight, wind power, tidal power, wave power, geothermal power and heating, biomass, hydroelectric resource and forestry products, are calculated and analyzed in detail in this paper. The solar exergy inputs from solar photovoltaics and solar collectors, including water heater, solar oven and solar building, are calculated and discussed. The development of the wind power plant is presented. Major tidal power plants, which are still working, are addressed. Wave power devices and plants are introduced. Geothermal resources, mainly for power generation and heating, associated with distribution, are depicted. The utilization of biomass, embracing firewood, straw and biogas, which served as the main obtainable local resources for private consumption and production in the rural areas, is illustrated. Development of hydroelectric resources as complement to scarce fossil fuels is represented, of which the small hydropower project adapted for rural areas is emphasized. Finally, forest products from timber forest and economic forest are presented, with the forestation, reproducing, tending areas and sum of odd forestation trees being manifested.     

关于核燃料技术经济性的探讨

从宏观和微观角度对核燃料的技术经济性进行评价分析.核燃料热值高,比化石燃料产出净能高3～4倍.核燃料(核电)拥有巨大的温室气体减排潜力,燃烧时不排放二氧化硫、氮氧化物,不产生烟尘、煤渣,是节能减排效果非常好的清洁能源.据IPCC的研究,在各种发电技术中,石油的温室气体排放量为600～1200g二氧化碳当量/(kW.h),煤、褐煤为800—1800g二氧化碳当量/(kW.h),而核电的排放量平均值仅为10g二氧化碳当量/(kW.h).至2030年,可再生能源发电和核电可减排温室气体近60×108t二氧化碳当量,其中核电约占1/3.核燃料资源丰富,可循环利用、实现增殖,从而扩大了核燃料资源.现有天然铀热中子堆可用百年;快中子堆可提高铀资源利用率60倍以上,可用千年;聚变核燃料氘可供人类使用百亿年,且无放射性.可见,核能是化石能源最有前途的替代能源.同时,核燃料能量密度高,体积/小,所需运力少,价格稳定,供应可靠.核电的投资成本分别高出煤电、气电约50％和140％,而发电总成本煤电、气电仍比核电高出约30％,根本原因是核燃料费用低,只占发电总成本的23％.核电的燃料成本优势除弥补了自身投资成本高的缺点以外,还形成了发电总成本低的竞争优势.     

Coupled operation of a diesel steam reformer and an LT- and HT-PEFC

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) combined with diesel fuel processors offer a great potential for auxiliary power units (APU) in mobile applications. In a joint research project with partners from industry, Oel-Waerme-Institut GmbH is developing an integrated modular fuel cell system for mobile power generation in caravans and yachts. The system includes a steam reforming fuel processor that allows the operation of low-temperature (LT-) as well as high-temperature (HT-) PEFC.