欧洲B—ISDN试验网：TRIBUNE

ＴＲＩＢＵＮＥ计划是欧洲先进通信技术研究讨论的一部分。此计划的目的是在欧洲为先进的通信业务，特别是宽带综合业务数字网，建立公共基础设施。本文将简要介绍计划的概况。     

可视型通信业务B—ISDN

可视型通信业务Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ吴腾奇可视型（Ｖｉｓｕａｌ）通信不但传送声音，而且传送图像，甚至可以同时传送长篇文章。提供这种可视型通信服务的工具称为宽带综合业务数据网（Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ）。实现Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ的关键性技术则是异步传送模式（ＡＴＭ）。一、可视型通信...     

向宽带综合业务发展的世界通信技术

本文简介了宽带通信业务在美国等发达国家的发展情况以及目前提供宽带通信业务的手段。综述了支持宽带通信业务的新技术。对支持宽带通信的网络进行了前景预测和标准化情况介绍。另外，还介绍了窄带综合业务数字网（Ｎ－ＩＳＤＮ）向宽带综合业务数字网（Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ）的发展、虚通道（ＶＰ）的应用以及异步转移模式（ＡＴＭ）为基础建立全国性Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ等开发应用实例。     

宽带ISDN中的视频通信

日本ＫＤＤ公司研究与开发（Ｒ＆Ｄ）实验室已研制出一种交换机，将首次在Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ中提供可变位速率通信业务，并用视频通信终端进行了测试。本文介绍该试验系统并描述Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ可变位速率通信业务的含意。     

用户网数字化规划探讨

随着通信的发展，通信网将向宽带综合业务数字网（Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ）方向发展；用户网数字化、宽带化将是发展各种数据及宽带业务的关键，也是实现Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ的关键。本文对实现用户网数字化的现代通信技术、用户网数字化规划及用户网结构作了简述。     

TU-T关于B-ISDN信令研究的新进展(上)

ＴＵ－Ｔ关于Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ信令研究的新进展（上）●段强编者按：国际电信界已普遍认为宽带综合业务数字网（Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ）是通信网络的发展方向，对其研究也相当活跃。其中，国际电信联盟标准化组织（ＩＴＵ－Ｔ）针对Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ所制订的一系列规范，对其发展起着重要...     

光纤传输在各种通信和广播网中的应用

本文阐述光纤传输系统在公用通信－宽带综合业务数字网（Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ），在专用通信－局域网与城域网（ＬＡＮ／ＭＡＮ），在有线电视广播网（ＣＡＴＶ）以及在移动通信蜂窝网（ｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ）等各种通信网和广播网中的应用，并介绍它们的特点、相互差异，以及发展趋向。     

B－ISDN多媒体工作站体系结构

Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ多媒体工作站体系结构ＳｈｉｒｏＳａｋａｔａ（日，ＮＥＣ计算机与通信系统研究所）宽带综合业务数字网（Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ）期望通过高速而灵活的多媒体通信支撑广阔的应用领域。多媒体包括数据、图形、图像、音频和活动图像（视频）。为了支撑利用群件（Ｐｒｏ...     

智能网与其他基础网络的结合

通信事业迅猛发展,各种通信新技术的崛起和应用,不断更新和改造着现有的通信网络和设备,它要求网络中引进更多更强的智能,以提高网络对业务的应变能力。智能网（ＩＮ）在这方面提供了最好的支持,是目前电信业务发展的方向。智能网是一种以快速、方便地提供新业务为目的的新型网络,也可以说是一种面向业务的通用网络结构。智能网的目标是服务于所有的基础网络,包括公用电话交换网（ＰＳＴＮ）,综合业务数字网（Ｎ－ＩＳＤＮ）,移动通信网（Ｍｏｂｉｌｅ）,公用分组交换数据网（ＰＳＰＤＮ）,以及宽带网（Ｂ—ＩＳＤＮ）。根据这个…     

LAN与MAN互连──B－ISDN一项有效的应用

本文讨论ＬＡＮ（局域网）与ＭＡＮ（都市网）通过Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ（宽带综合业务数字网）来进行互连的问题。这种互连显示出Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ具有真实前途的一种应用，因为它可避免常规ＬＡＮ互连中大多数传统缺点。然而，必须选择正确的协议才能有效地利用Ｂ－ＩＳＢＮ。为了能及早经济地实现ＬＡＮ／ＭＡＮ互连，早期就应仔细考虑互连的要求。简言之，人们期望Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ新的可能性将开辟有吸引力的新的ＬＡＮ互连的可能性，同时提供现时尚无法达到的性能。这一定可以促进该地区通信迅速发展     

Waking a sleeping giant-the planning for success of a large projectprocess at a large urban teaching hospital

The early planning of a project organization and process is critical to the eventual success of a large, complex project. Beth Israel Medical Center, a 1180 bed teaching hospital in New York City, embarked in 1991 on a plan to implement clinical information computer systems throughout its facilities. This project is described. The project manager considered the unique cultural and organizational aspects of Beth Israel in order to develop a strategy for the project. Strategy objectives included promoting broad educational awareness, establishing quick project momentum and visibility, gaining the approval of a competing organizational department, and developing a productive and effective project team. The start-up phase of any project can make or break the project. If one does not set the correct tone and build the correct organization, one can easily doom the project before it has ever had a chance to develop     

A Decision Support Model for Project Manager Assignments

The question, "How to assign projects to project managers?" is considered to be one of the most important questions in project management. Nevertheless, methods to answer this question have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature. In practice, even though the question is rather common, practitioners still seek an effective project assignment methodology - especially, for the assignments of project managers of multiple concurrent projects, such as a project manager of new product development projects in typical high-technology industries. To respond to this question, we performed an inductive study to develop a theoretical framework for project assignments, including some significant assignment criteria and processes. We found that to be effective in project assignments, management should consider strategic elements of the organization in project prioritization, project requirements and competencies of project managers in project manager-to-project matching, and some organizational/personal limitations regarding the assignment. An optimization model was developed to apply this framework. This model can assist in assigning projects to project managers for the better performances of projects, project managers, and the organization.     

IT项目实施与监控方法的探索与实现

实施与监控是项目管理中重要的管理过程,利用项目管理软件工具能提高管理效率及项目成功率,但合适的软件工具很难寻觅。本文结合我们在IT项目管理中的实践以及对我们正在建立和完善的项目管理软件工具的介绍,探讨在IT项目管理中如何有效、准确地收集项目实施绩效信息,跟踪项目进展状态,评估项目绩效,从而达到项目成功的目标。     

集成项目中的风险评估

在项目管理的多项活动中,项目风险管理是较难把握和管理的,因为风险是对可能情况的不确定性描述,而影响风险的因素又是多种多样的。文中通过风险管理的基本框架,结合系统集成项目的特点,提出了针对集成项目的风险评估方法。     

Understanding the role of "vision" in project success

Rigorous applications of project management methodologies are responsible, though only partially, for project success. We argue, however, that a significant driver of project management success is effective and intelligent leadership communicated through an inspiring vision of what the project is meant to achieve and how it can make a significant positive impact. An information technology case study project is presented to illustrate how project vision provided and maintained commitment to a complex project that was judged successful when compared to similar projects despite the difficulties described. This success was substantially attributed to the project leadership group's use of a vision.     

Project management maturity: an assessment of project management capabilities among and between selected industries

The project management community is actively demonstrating substantial interest in the development of viable methods to assess and improve project management maturity. This interest also underscores the important need to assess project management maturity among industries to provide many organizations a means to benchmark their maturity relative to others. This research provides a snapshot of the current level of project management maturity-among industries based on 42 detailed components of maturity. A survey of 126 organizations reveals the median level of project management maturity is level 2 out of 5 with respect to 36 of the 42 components analyzed. Additionally, this research compares project management maturity between four major industries: professional, scientific and technical services; information; finance and insurance; and manufacturing. We conclude that with few exceptions, there is not a significant difference in project management maturity between industries. These results establish a baseline to support organizational assessments of project management maturity at a component level of analysis. Additionally, these results will support future longitudinal research to monitor the evolution of project management maturity.     

基于GIS的旱作节水农业项目管理系统设计与实现

提高农业数据采集和管理的技术水平，特别是运用信息技术，逐步建立农业项目管理系统势在必行。本研究以旱作节水农业项目管理工作的特点和要求为出发点，设计了一套基于GIS技术的旱作节水农业项目管理的技术方案。另外，本研究还根据基于GIS技术的旱作节水农业项目管理的思想，研发了早作节水农业项目管理系统，包括数据录入子系统、管理与决策子系统。在系统的开发过程中．重点设计、研究并实现了旱作节水农业项目的自动化管理的GIS数据与属性数据的一体化管理。     

半捷联导引头光轴稳定的研究

以红外空空导弹为背景，分析了导引头光轴稳定对导弹精确打击目标的重要性，介绍了动力陀螺、速率陀螺和捷联三种稳定导弹导引头光轴的典型稳定方案，并将前两种方案与捷联稳定方案进行比较，同时根据国外空空导弹的发展趋势和捷联稳定原理，运用横滚/摇摆伺服系统结构，提出了一种半捷联稳定方案，并在理想状态下进行了数学仿真验证。结果表明，该方案稳定导引头光轴的性能良好，可行性较强。     

Project scheduling conflict identification and resolution using genetic algorithms (GA)

Project management has gained a lot of application in software development activity in the past two decades. It is now considered to be one of the most critical component of software development lifecycle. Project management is traditionally defined as the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing activities and resources for successful execution and completion of project goals and objectives. In this respect, project management holds a key position in satisfactory completion of projects. That is the reason that we have a complete knowledge domain we know as software project management (SPM). The main purpose of SPM is to achieve all the project goals and objectives while working within the constraints posed by project environment and stakeholders. These constraints include (but not limited to) time, scope, resources, resource allocation and optimization etc. Successful project planning involved careful selection and synchronization of resources in order to achieve satisfactory completion of projects. These resources include human resource, rime, infrastructure etc. While planning software projects, it is natural to be confronted with various conflicts in resource allocation. It becomes a very time consuming activity to identify and sort out these conflicts when project size is large and time constraints are severe. A good project management activity is one which can effectively foresee these conflicts and resolve them in an optimal fashion. Computationally intelligent techniques are a good candidate to be used for the purpose of automation of this task. In this paper, a genetic algorithm based technique for conflict identification and resolution for project activities has been proposed. The effectiveness and utility of such a technique has also been discussed in this paper. The technique has been subjected to extensive experimentation and results have been presented.     

The SSD graph: a tool for project scheduling and visualization

A graphic tool, the SSD (structure, states and deviation) graph, is proposed for three important phases of project management; planning and scheduling, control, and evaluation. The SSD graph represents the structure, states (scheduled and actual states), and deviation of a system. A project management system using the SSD graph is developed, and it visualizes the actual state of a project and keeps the historical record of the project performance. This system allows a project manager to see the overall status and to review the project performance. Several applications have shown its usefulness for scheduling and control of project systems