基于EEMD方法的爆破振动信号去噪研究

鉴于小波类去噪法存在小波基和分解层数的选择问题、EMD类去噪法受限于端点震荡和模态混叠效应,将EEMD方法引入,对爆破振动原始信号进行去噪研究。在EEMD分解的基础上,通过波形和频谱分析,得到IMF4~IMF8属于爆破振动真实信号分量,将其重构,获取了爆破振动真实波形。与EMD去噪法相比,EEMD去噪法避免了端点震荡和模态混叠效应的影响,不仅有效去除了噪声,还保留了爆破真实波形的真实性和完整性。     

某钨矿平巷掘进微差爆破间隔时间识别

在平巷掘进爆破中采用延时技术,合理设计微差时间可使炸药能量得到充分分配和利用,达到最优爆破效果。根据某钨矿平巷掘进采用50 ms微差爆破的设计,应用Blastmate III型爆破测振仪对爆破进行监测,在此基础上,依据雷管引爆炸药激起能量密度突变原理,选取db8作为小波基,借助Matlab完成了3~10小波变换尺度积分求取的时-能密度进行微差爆破延时识别,结果表明,相邻段别雷管的延时时间依次为0 ms、46.39 ms、50.78 ms、57.13 ms,符合平巷掘进50 ms微差延时爆破要求,雷管性能稳定可靠。该方法可应用于平巷掘进中的毫秒微差雷管的可靠性识别。     

迭代生成微分方程分解方法研究

针对实际振动信号中多分量分离问题,在生成微分方程解调技术的基础上,提出一种新的迭代分解方法.首先采用生成微分方程(generating differential equation,GDE),估计初始振动信号的瞬时频率和幅值包络,然后对瞬时频率通过低通滤波分离出第一个频率,基于此频率对原始信号通过高通滤波器后提取的成分作为第一个分量,最后用初始信号减去第一个分量的余值作为下一次迭代的初始值,迭代同样的步骤分析分解直到获取所有信号分量,以低于能量比阈值作为迭代终止条件.本方法不需要先验信息.通过仿真信号验证并与传统方法进行对比分析,证明了方法的有效性.通过实测轴承试验信号的故障分析,证明了方法的实用性.      

基于集合经验模式分解和交叉能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断

振动信号的周期性冲击及其重复频率是滚动轴承故障诊断的关键.本文提出了一种基于集合经验模式分解和交叉能量算子提取滚动轴承故障特征的方法.首先,应用集合经验模式分解方法将振动信号分解为本征模式函数以满足交叉能量算子对信号单分量的要求.然后根据相关程度和峭度从本征模式函数中选取敏感分量,计算敏感分量和原始信号的瞬时交叉能量及其傅里叶频谱.最后根据交叉能量的频谱结构和特征频率识别轴承故障.通过分析滚动轴承故障仿真信号和实验测试信号,诊断了滚动轴承元件故障,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于多域流形的行星齿轮箱局部故障识别

行星齿轮箱振动信号包含多种频率成分和噪声干扰，频谱具有复杂的边带结构，容易对故障识别造成误导甚至引起错判.在不同故障状态下，行星齿轮箱振动信号的多域特征量将偏离正常范围且偏离程度不同，根据这一特点，提取振动信号的时域、频域特征参量用于故障识别.为了避免传统分析方法中负频率及虚假模态问题，增强对噪声干扰的鲁棒性，采用局部均值分解法将信号自适应地分解为单分量之和，提取时频域单分量瞬时幅值能量.针对多域特征空间构造过程中出现的高维及非线性问题，采用流形学习对数据进行降维处理.提出基于改进的虚假近邻点的本征维数估计及最优k邻域确定方法，并通过等距映射对多域特征空间进行降维分析.对于行星齿轮箱实验信号，根据样本流形特征聚类结果，分别识别出了太阳轮、行星轮和齿圈的局部故障，从而验证了上述方法的有效性.      

某矿爆破震动信号的Hilbert-Huang分析

通过某矿山测试所得的爆破震动信号,应用的希尔伯特—黄(HHT)分析法,提取具有实际物理含义的IMF分量,得出爆破震动信号的Hilbert能量谱。分析出该爆破震动的主要频率集中在低频段,从Hilbert能量谱可以直观看出信号能量在时间、频率上的分布情况,这对爆破震动的安全控制具有指导意义。     

几种信号去噪方法在爆破振动信号中的应用分析

介绍了小波阈值法、EMD以及EEMD的信号去噪原理,并采用3种方法分别对露天爆破开采下所获得的爆破地震波信号进行去噪处理.对比分析去噪后波形图、信噪比以及均方根误差,发现小波阈值去噪法对于不同信号源去噪时效果各不相同,其信噪比与均方根误差值波动幅度大,说明小波阈值法在爆破振动信号去噪中具有不稳定性.与小波阈值法相比,EMD与EEMD对信号去噪效果稳定,体现了它们在信号分析中的自适应性.与EMD去噪法相比,EEMD能消除EMD分解信号时所产生的模态混叠现象;EEMD去噪法能够获得更高的信噪比以及更小的均方根误差值,去噪效果要明显好于EMD法,缺点在于计算时间太长.      

基于变分模式分解和微积分增强能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点,考虑变分模式分解在复杂信号分解及微积分增强能量算子在瞬态成分检测方面的优势,提出基于变分模式分解和微积分增强能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先利用变分模式分解将复杂信号分解为多个本质模式函数,以削弱背景噪声的影响和满足能量算子对信号单分量的要求;然后根据提出的敏感分量选取原则,从本质模式函数中选出包含主要故障信息的本质模式函数为敏感分量;最后利用微积分增强能量算子强化敏感分量中的瞬态冲击,并根据敏感分量瞬时能量的时域波形及Fourier频谱诊断滚动轴承故障.分析结果表明该方法能够有效诊断滚动轴承故障.      

基于EEMD和关联维数的矿山微震信号特征提取和分类

针对岩体工程中岩体破裂信号与爆破振动信号难以自动区分的问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)关联维数与机器学习相结合的微震信号特征提取和分类方法。利用EEMD将微震信号分解为本征模态函数(IMF)分量,并从得到的IMF分量中筛选出主分量IMF1～IMF4,再通过相空间重构计算出各个主分量的关联维数,最后将所得到的关联维数作为特征向量,使用SVM方法进行微震信号自动识别,并与其他机器学习方法进行对比分析。试验结果表明:该方法对微震信号的自动识别具有较高的准确率,且基于高斯核函数的SVM的识别效果明显优于逻辑回归(LR)和K-近邻算法(KNN)判别法的识别结果,其准确率达到93.7%。     

露天爆破振动在运输隧道内的传播规律研究

为了研究爆破振动对运输隧道稳定性的影响,基于萨道夫斯基公式和希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert Huang Transform简称"HHT")法对爆破信号进行分析。某金属矿山采场爆破生产时,对西帮运输隧道周围进行爆破振动监测,通过对测点Z方向峰值振速进行线性回归计算和爆破振动信号时频分析,得到爆破振动的传播规律和爆破能量散失的过程,结果得出:萨道夫斯基公式中的衰减系数K=444.94,衰减指数α=1.89,爆破振动频率主要分布在0~20 Hz范围以内。给出1230、1065平台方向生产爆破时,不同爆心距对应的最大安全允许单段药量,对保证矿石经西帮隧道安全高效的运输到进料口具有重要意义。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.