GMS在临汾盆地地下水数值模拟中的应用

针对临汾盆地地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降和地裂缝等许多环境地质问题 ,通过GMS建立了地下水水流三维数值模型 ,提出了合理利用地下水资源的措施 ,为地下水资源的优化管理提供了科学依据。     

Visual Modflow在地下水资源评价中的应用

地下水资源评价是在已建立的三维数值模拟管理系统基础上,应用VisualModflow软件的系统化和可视化特点以及所拥有的强大模拟功能,对长春市城区地下水资源进行整体、分层和分区评价,研究结果表明:长春市地下水开发利用程度是很高的,在开采总量不变的情况下,可适当调整产业结构、开采布局,以实现地下水可持续发展。实践证明VisualModflow所建立的地下水资源评价系统,对于科学制订水资源利用、开发和保护决策方案具有极其重要的理论指导意义和实用价值。     

开采条件下的地下水溶质运移规律的研究——以山东济宁漏斗区为例

数值模拟方法是评价地下水资源、模拟地下水水流和溶质运移的主要方法和手段之一。本次研究应用Visual MODFLOW建立了研究区地下水三维水流及溶质运移模型,并应用其中的MODPATH模块模拟了地下水中水质点的运移轨迹,分析了由于过量开采而形成地下水水位降落漏斗后,研究区地下水溶质的运移规律,提出了控制和改善地下水水质的方法。     

FEMWATER在地下水流数值模拟中运用

GMS是目前使用广泛的一个地下水模拟软件,它包含多个水流模拟计算模块,其中基于有限元分析的FEMWATER模块是一个功能强大的三维水流-溶质运移的数值模拟模块。迄今为止, FEMWATER在国内地下水数值模拟中的运用甚少。本文介绍了FEMWATER主要特点和应用领域,采用基准问题(Theis问题和Henry问题)对模型进行校正,然后选取了张家港合兴地块为实例,对该研究区的地下水流模型采用FEMWATER进行数值模拟,对比分析了FEMWATER和MODFLOW模拟结果,并由此概括了有限元和有限差分计算中的不同和FEMWATER运用注意事项,为他人今后开展相关工作提供参考。     

矿石淋滤水对地下水污染影响的模拟预测

本文利用地下水数值模拟软件GMS,研究矿石淋滤水对地下水污染的影响。模拟在非正常状况下,矿石经雨水淋滤后,淋滤液中的污染物直接穿透包气带进入地下水运移的情景。经预测,泄漏的污染物铁经过运移后出现短暂超标现象,超标范围未出研究区范围,没有对下游敏感点造成影响。随着时间的推移,污染物在地下水的对流、弥散作用下,污染晕中心浓度逐渐降低,污染晕范围逐渐扩大,直至低于限值。研究成果可为该区的地下水保护措施提供依据。     

基于GMS数值模拟的地下水环境影响评价——以某产业园为例

在地下水环境影响评价中,数值模拟的方法是定量评价地下水中污染物运移扩散规律、污染范围及浓度分布的重要手段。本文以某规划产业园为例,运用GMS三维地下水数值模拟软件建立研究区水流和溶质运移数值模型,预测污水处理池非正常状况下污水持续渗漏,污染物COD、氨氮对地下水环境的影响。结果表明：污染物持续泄漏将造成下游局部范围地下水持续污染,至模拟期20年,COD、氨氮的最大运移距离分别为106 m、93 m,超标范围分别为9069 m²、8721 m²,由于地下水径流缓慢,迁移距离及影响范围较小。预测结果可为地下水监测及保护提供科学依据,亦可为类似水文地质条件下的地下水环评工作提供参考。     

城市轨道交通工程地下水风险综合防控措施研究

为对城市轨道地下水风险进行综合防控,借助GMS与MIDAS/GTS数值模拟软件形成城市轨道交通地下水综合模拟分析技术,弥补地下水控制工程勘测阶段分析不足、设计阶段计算方法单一的问题;通过对实际工程的研究分析与问卷调查,总结了地下水控制工程及总体施工的安全风险问题及应对措施,从而形成了综合防控措施体系.并根据施工经验总结...     

开采条件下海河流域平原区浅层地下水数值模拟研究

本文利用地下水数值模拟系统(GMS),建立了能反映海河流域平原区地下水含水层结构及其水流特性的大区域水文地质概念模型和地下水流模型,重点研究了在无开采井条件下地下水开采强度时空分布的特征,模拟了平原区1965~2005年41年间的地下水流场及漏斗的演变过程,综合分析了海河流域平原区浅层含水层长期开采条件下地下水系统的演变过程以及地下水开采带来的影响。同时,对所建立的地下水数值模型就流场、漏斗变化以及水文地质参数等多方面进行了识别和验证。采用经过率定和验证的模型,预测分析了水资源配置制定的地下水限采方案,为南水北调实施后对海河流域地下水的修复作用以及其它可能的影响提供了可靠的分析手段和措施。     

FEMWATER模块下三维有限元网格的构建

FEMWATER是GMS(Groundwater Modeling System)中的重要模块,是国际常用的模拟地下水流和溶质运移的模块,本文旨在对FEMWATER进行简单介绍,并详细讨论在GMS界面下,FEMWATER模块中三维有限元网格构建的各种技巧,以期对使用FEMWATER的同行提供借鉴,提高其建模的效率。最后用一个理想的算例说明在FEMWATER中对断层的处理。计算结果表明FEMWATER可以很方便地对隔水和导水断层进行模拟。     

南水北调供水前后北京西郊地区地下水流场趋势预测研究

本文对北京西郊南水北调受水区进行了地下水数值模拟和流场趋势预测,为其地下水合理开发利用提供了依据。首先建立了研究区水文地质概念模型,将模型概化为潜水含水层和承压含水层。运用地下水模型软件GMS建立了地下水数值模拟模型,并对模型进行了模拟和预测。预测结果表明,在南水北调供水前,地下水位持续小幅下降;南水北调供水后,地下水储存量增加了4．2×10^8m3,地下水位平均上升幅度为6．24m。其中,在研究区北部地下水集中开采区地下水上升幅度最大,一般为8—10m,在研究区南部上升幅度较小,一般为3～4．5m。     

Sand creep as a factor in land subsidence during groundwater level recovery in the southern Yangtze River delta, China

A number of areas worldwide are suffering from the land subsidence, including the southern Yangtze River delta, the most developed area in China. Land subsidence is mainly induced by excessive groundwater pumping and has caused numerous problems, for example, flooding, structural cracking, and ground fissuring. Although several countermeasures have been adopted to mitigate the land subsidence problem in the southern Yangtze River delta, commonly using groundwater recharge, land subsidence is still developing even when groundwater levels are rising. The observation data of land subsidence in each stratum show that the deformation of the pumped aquifer is even greater than that in the adjacent aquitards when groundwater levels are recovering. Laboratory test results on the aquifer sand in Shanghai and Changzhou (two cities in the studied area, which have the most sufficient observation data about the land subsidence and groundwater level developing with time) proved that sand creep deformation is significant and is partially responsible for the land subsidence without groundwater level drawdown. Considering the difficulty and cost of collecting borehole samples from deep pumped aquifers to obtain the essential parameters for the existing sand creep calculation models, a simplified method was then proposed to calculate the sand creep deformation in the pumped aquifer. The relationship between the sand creep rate and the time can be recognized as linear using double logarithmic coordinates and the slope can be assumed to be one. In the proposed method, the laboratory test data are not necessary. Finally, case histories from Shanghai and Changzhou were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

某滨海度假休闲区地下水分析与评价

以惠东县某滨海度假休闲区实例为依托,对该区地下水进行了分析与评价。查明各含水层／带的埋藏和分布规律,以及地下水与地表水之间的水力联系。阐明区内地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件,地下水动态的一般特征,初步阐明测区地下水化学特征。初步评价测区地下水资源,为开发利用地下热水资源提供了依据。     

Effects of human activities and urbanization on groundwater environments: an example from the aquifer system of Tokyo and the surrounding area

The Kanto plain that is the largest depositional plain in Japan has the largest urbanized area called Tokyo Metropolitan Area. This plain has experienced extensive groundwater withdrawals for water resources and human induced disasters such as land subsidence in the process of urbanization. Japanese national government and local governments have monitored groundwater levels and settlement of ground surface for about half a century. These data are useful not only for the prevention of these disasters but for the evaluation of the change of groundwater flow beneath the urbanized area. However, few hydrological and hydrogeological studies about the change of groundwater flow in this plain have been conducted until now except for several studies which were limited in areal extent. In this paper, changes of the distribution of hydraulic heads in the central part of this plain are discussed using the long-term groundwater level observation data to evaluate the change of groundwater flow. The temporal changes in the distribution of hydraulic heads in a major confined aquifer (the second aquifer) and the areal extent of the urbanized area for approximately 50 years can be summarized as follows. In the latter half of the 1950s, urban area was limited in the southern region of the study area and hydraulic head gradually declined from the northwest to the southeast in the study area. After the 1960s, urban area extended toward the north and groundwater in the northern part was largely abstracted until the 1980s. As a result, hydraulic heads in this area markedly declined. On the other hand, hydraulic heads in the southern part began to rise because of the restriction of groundwater withdrawals. In recent years, low hydraulic head area has been formed from the northern region to the central region. These results suggest that the groundwater flow which was affected by urbanization (groundwater withdrawals) has continued to change over several decades, even after the regulation of withdrawals, and hence, the continued monitoring of the groundwater environment is important for the sustainable use of groundwater resources.     

EXPLORATION OF AQUIFER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS USING A GROUNDWATER MODEL

A methodology is described for harnessing the predictive capacity of a groundwater model to underpin aquifer management decisions for changing abstraction within a licensing regulatory framework. The use of a 'baseline predictive simulation' is advocated from both aquifer management and scientific perspectives, and an example of groundwater modelling predictive work on the Nottingham-Doncaster Sherwood Sandstone aquifer system is used to illustrate the methodology. Differences between the baseline predictive simulation and a predictive simulation are processed to extract quantitative information (spatially and temporally) on the response to changes in aquifer stresses. An explanation is given on the use of this information to aid aquifer management decisions for achieving environmental targets. The importance of the aquifer diffusivity with respect to a predictive simulation exercise is highlighted.     

长江三角洲城市连绵区发展战略研究

近年来,长江三角洲除保持中国最大的经济核心区地位外,城市发展也呈现新的趋势和特点,即以上海为中心,形成了一批经济实力强、社会发展水平高、投资环境优越的城市群,并向巨型大都市连绵区发展。本文概要论述了长江三角洲大都市连绵区的形成、发展过程和现状特征,概括了长江三角洲城市连绵区形成的动力机制及其发展面临的问题与挑战,提出了一系列实施长江三角洲城市连绵区可持续发展战略的建议。     

长三角视野下的环淀山湖地区发展研究

随着长三角一体化发展进程的加速,研究淀山湖区的发展必须将其置于长三角视野下,找寻发展的新目标与路径。从长三角旅游体系分析出发,研究淀山湖区的比较优势,明确淀山湖区在长三角旅游体系中的定位,提出淀山湖区发展旅游业的目标与路径。     

区域地下水流对王河煤矿水害影响数值模拟

王河煤矿位于荥巩矿区中部,为荥巩矿区水害最为严重的矿井之一.为了分析区域地下水流对王河煤矿水害的影响,本文在分析荥巩矿区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,利用GMS建立了荥巩矿区地下水流三维数值模拟模型,确定了水文地质参数和渗流场分布情况.结果表明,荥巩矿区地下水补给量为1831.12×104m3/a,排泄量为4862.88...