AZ31镁合金热变形流动应力预测模型

采用近等温单轴压缩实验获得了AZ3l镁合金变形温度为523 723 K,应变速率为0.01—10 s^-1条件下的流动应力,分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动应力的影响规律.结果表明,AZ31镁合金变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,523 K时形成细小组织;而723 K时动态再结晶和长大的晶粒沿径向拉长.考虑实验过程塑性变形功和摩擦功引起的温度升高,在高应变速率条件下采用温度补偿修正了流动应力.在此基础上,建立了基于双曲正弦模型的峰值流动应力和统一本构关系,该模型利用材料参数耦合应变来描述流动应力的应变敏感性,进一步获得了合金热变形过程中流动应力与变形温度、应变速率和应变的定量关系.采用该本构关系模型预测流动应力具有较高的精度,预测值与实测值相关系数为0.976,平均相对误差为5.07%,实验条件范围内预测的流动应力与实验值几乎能保持一致.     

AZ61B镁合金热变形动力学的研究

采用等温压缩试验，测定了AZ61B镁合金材料在热变形条件下的流变应力，分析变形条件对流变应力的影响规律，借助于经验公式描述高温变形动力学，计算了合金的热变形激活参数，探明了AZ61B合金试验变形条件下主要的软化机制为动态再结晶。     

Analysis on flow stress of magnesium alloys during high temperature deformation

The flow stress of magnesium alloys during hot compression at different temperatures and strain rates was studied by experiments.Materials used were AZ91D alloys in as-cast,homogeneous treatment states,AZ31 and ZK60 alloys in as-cast state. The results show that the thermal simulation curves of different alloys differ from one another at the same deforming condition.The general curves of AZ31 and AZ91D alloys have the character of dynamic recrystallization.There are increase of true stress,drastic fallin...     

应变影响的AZ31B镁合金流动应力预测模型研究

本文采用热压缩试验获得了铸态AZ31B镁合金高温变形时的流变曲线,分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动应力的影响。结果表明：峰值应变随着应变速率增加和温度减小而增大,减小应变速率、适当提高变形温度对材料的动态回复和再结晶是有利的。利用多元回归分析建立了流动应力预测模型,该模型可以描述流动应力的应变敏感性,经验证发现使用其预测流动应力具有较高精度,相关系数高达0.9926,能较好地描述铸态AZ31B镁合金在热变形过程的流动行为。     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的中温变形机理及软化机制(英文)

研究AZ31镁合金挤压板材在473～523K的温度范围内。应变速率0.001～1.0s-1压缩时的流变应力行为,计算板材沿挤压方向压缩时的激活能,并结合光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜探讨合金软化机制和变形机理之间的联系。结果表明,在中温下沿挤压方向压缩时,AZ31挤压态镁合金的变形激活能为174.18kJ/mol。这说明,由热激活位错交滑移所控制的动态再结晶是合金中温变形的主要软化机制。位错滑移是中温变形的主要变形机理,而孪生的作用则不大。其主要的动态再结晶机制为持续动态再结晶,并伴随少量的孪生动态再结晶。     

AZ31B镁合金塑性变形动态再结晶的实验研究

通过不同应变速率和不同温度下的轴对称压缩试验,研究了AZ31B镁合金塑性变形与动态再结晶的相互依赖关系。研究证实,温度T在200℃～400℃区间、变形程度ε约0.2左右时,开始出现动态再结晶(DRX)现象。随变形程度的增加,DRX晶粒不断增多,材料呈现明显的软化趋势,流动应力下降。当DRX过程完成以后,继续变形,材料又出现硬化行为。为镁合金塑性变形组织演变的定量研究打下了基础。     

A FLOW STRESS MODEL FOR AZ61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY

The flow stress behaviors of AZ61 alloy has been investigated at temperature range from 523 to 67314 with the strain rates of 0.001-1s^-1.It is found that the average activation energy, strain rate sensitive exponent and stress exponent are different at various deformation conditions changing from 143.6 to 176.3kJ/mol,0.125 to 0.167 and 6 to 8 respectively. A flow stress model for AZ61 alloy is derived by analyzing the stress data based on hot compression test.It is demonstrated that the flow stress model including strain hardening exponent and strain softening exponent is suitable to predicate the flow stress. The prediction of the flow stress of AZ61 alloy has shown to be good agreement with the test data.The maximum differences of the peak stresses calculated by the model and obtained by experiment is less than 8%.     

Simulation of strain-softening behaviors in an AZ31 Mg alloy showing distinct twin-induced reorientation before a peak stress

To investigate strain-softening behavior during plastic deformation of an AZ31 Mg alloy, cylindrical specimens were compressed in a rolling direction at 300 °C. Experimental evidence revealed that an inhomogeneous microstructure evolved due to the softening behavior associated with deformation at elevated temperatures. The large grains that reoriented as a result of deformation twinning were free of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Fine grains nucleated at grain boundaries of grains were deformed by a slip-dominated mechanism, which accommodated the external strain. A visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model was used to simulate softening of the flow stress curve and texture evolution during uniaxial compression. A softening scheme was implemented in the polycrystal model to predict the softening phenomenon and texture evolution after the peak stress. The original VPSC model was modified to simulate texture evolution in an AZ31 Mg alloy that exhibited twin-dominated deformation before the peak stress.     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ61 magnesium alloy

An AZ61 alloy was subjected to hot compression at temperatures ranging from 523 K to 673 K, with strain rates of 0. 001 - 1 s^-1. Flow softening occurs at all temperatures and strain rates. There are peak and plateau stresses on flow curves. The initiation and evolution of dynamic recrystallization（DRX） were studied by the flow softening mechanism based on the flow curves and microstructural observations. A linear relationship was established between the logarithmic value of the critical strain for DRX initiation（lnεc） and the logarithmic value of the Zener-Hollomon parameter （lnZ）. The volume fraction of DRX grain （φd） is formulated as a function of the process parameters including strain rate, temperature, and strain. The calculated values of φd agree well with the values extracted from the flow curves. The size of DRX grain（d） was also formulated as a function of the Zener- Hollomon parameter. This study suggests that DRX behavior of AZ61 can be predicated from plastic process parameters.     

基于动态再结晶的铸态AZ31B镁合金本构方程

通过GLEEBLE压缩试验获得铸态AZ31B镁合金真应力应变曲线,本试验从真应力应变曲线出发,通过数值分析获得临界应力应变模型、饱和应力模型和稳态应力模型等多种应力模型。同时,结合位错理论和动态再结晶动力学,根据镁合金在变形过程中发生动态再结晶的临界点,将应力应变曲线分为两段,分别对以动态回复为主的曲线和以动态再结晶为主的曲线建立本构模型,分析并得出了动态再结晶分数与基于动态再结晶下的流变应力之间的变化规律。     

Hot deformation behavior of a spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy

The flow stress behavior of an as-spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy with fine grains was investigated by means of compression tests with a Gleeble 1500 thermal mechanical simulator at isothermal constant strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 s-1; the testing temperatures ranged from 623 to 723 K. It is demonstrated that a linear equation can be fitted between the Zemer-Hollomon parameter Z and stress in a double-log scale. The effect of deformation parameters on the behavior of recrystallization was analyzed. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) generally occurs at a higher temperature and at a lower strain rate. The constitutive equation of the spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy is elevated temperatures due to the fine grain, which provides a large amount of nucleation sites and a high-diffnsivity path for the atom.     

Compressive deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under quasi-static and dynamic loading

Compressive properties of AZ31 alloy were investigated at temperatures from room temperature to 543 K and at strain rates from 10-3to 2×10 4s-1.The results show that the compressive behavior and deformation mechanism of AZ31 depend largely on the temperature and strain rate.The flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate at fixed temperature,while decreases with the increase of deformation temperature at fixed strain rate.At low temperature and quasi-static condition,the true stress-true strain curve of AZ31 alloy can be divided into three stages(strain hardening,softening and stabilization) after yielding.However,at high temperature and high strain rate,the AZ31 alloy shows ideal elastic-plastic properties.It is therefore suggested that the change in loading conditions(temperature and strain rate) plays an important role in deformation mechanisms of AZ31 alloy.     

AZ31B镁合金热压缩变形的组织变化与变形机制

对铸态AZ31B镁合金在温度280℃～440℃、应变速率0.001s-1～0.1s-1条件下进行热压缩实验,分析变形程度、应变速率和加热温度对其微观组织变化的影响,探讨合金的热压变形机制。实验结果表明,该合金热变形时发生了动态再结晶。变形温度越高、变形速率越小和变形量越大时,动态再结晶进行的越充分;变形温度越低、变形速率越大和变形量越大时,动态再结晶晶粒越细小。该合金的热变形机制是滑移孪晶联合机制。     

Deformation Mechanism and Hot Workability of Extruded Magnesium Alloy AZ31

Using the flow stress curves obtained by Gleeble thermo-mechanical testing, the processing map of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 was established to analyze the hot workability. Stress exponent and activation energy were calculated to characterize the deformation mechanism. Then, the effects of hot deformation parameters on deformation mechanism,microstructure evolution and hot workability of AZ31 alloy were discussed. With increasing deformation temperature, the operation of non-basal slip systems and full development of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) contribute to effective improvement in hot workability of AZ31 alloy. The influences of strain rate and strain are complex. When temperature exceeds 350 °C, the deformation mechanism is slightly dependent of the strain rate or strain. The dominant mechanism is dislocation cross-slip, which favors DRX nucleation and grain growth and thus leads to good plasticity. At low temperature(below 350 °C), the deformation mechanism is sensitive to strain and strain rate. Both the dominant deformation mechanism and inadequate development of DRX deteriorate the ductility of AZ31 alloy. The flow instability mainly occurs in the vicinity of 250 °C and 1 s-1.     

Al-Mg-Si 合金的高温流变过程动态再结晶研究

采用热力模拟试验机对Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度300～500 ℃、变形速率0.001～10 s-1下材料的动态再结晶行为。实验得到Al 0.83Mg 0.59Si合金在300～500 ℃变形时,软化机制以动态再结晶为主;流变应力会随着变形温度的降低和变形速率的升高而升高,较低变形速率下,动态再结晶行为更充分,应力软化现象更明显。统计实验所得流变应力曲线数据,建立了热变形本构方程,确定了合金热变形激活能Q为480.243 kJ/mol 。基于加工硬化率曲线,建立了其动态再结晶临界应变模型。结果表明,Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高和变形速率的降低而降低,动态再结晶是其主要的软化机制。临界应力与峰值应力存在线性关系：σc=0.85σp-5.061 58。引入Zener Hollomon参数来描述变形条件对临界条件的影响,得到临界应变与Z参数的关系为：εc=0.000 134Z0.051 64。     

AZ80合金高温变形行为及加工图

为实现AZ80合金塑性成形的数值模拟和制定其合理的热加工工艺,利用热模拟机对AZ80合金进行不同变形温度和应变速率的高温压缩变形行为研究.结果表明:AZ80合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态回复和动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立的AZ80合金高温变形的本构模型较好地表征其高温流变特性,模型计算精度高;同时,利用建立的AZ80合金的DMM加工图分析其变形机制和失稳机制,从提高零件力学性能角度考虑,可以优先选择变形温度为300～350 ℃、应变速率为0.001～0.01 s-1的工艺参数.     

一种新型亚稳β钛合金热变形的本构模型(英文)

基于新型亚稳β钛合金Ti2448在温度1023～1123K、应变速率63～0.001s-1下的等温热压缩流动应力曲线特征,构建能够完整描述该合金流动应力与应变、应变速率、变形温度之间关系的本构模型。在此过程中,通过基于统一黏塑形理论改进双曲正弦函数,构建合金在高应变速率(≥1s-1)下发生动态回复(DRV)的模型;通过对标准的Avrami方程进行简化,表征了Ti2448在低应变率(1s-1)下发生的动态再结晶(DRX)软化机制。最终通过应用全局优化求解非线性方程的新方法确定模型中的相关参数。根据所建模型得到的预测曲线和实验曲线吻合得较好,能够有效预测Ti2448在热变形过程中的流动应力,为构建亚稳β钛合金热变形本构模型提供一种有效的方法。     

7150铝合金高温热压缩变形流变应力行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对7150铝合金进行高温热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300~450 ℃和应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1) 条件下的流变应力行为.结果表明:流变应力在变形初期随着应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;峰值应力随着温度的升高而减小,随着应变速率的增大而增大;可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius双曲正弦关系来描述合金的热流变行为,其变形激活能为226.698 8 kJ/mol;随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化,亚晶尺寸增大,再结晶晶粒在晶界交叉处出现并且晶粒数量逐渐增加;合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制由动态回复逐步转变为动态再结晶.     

ZK31-1.5Y镁合金热变形行为及加工图

研究了ZK31-1.5Y镁合金在变形温度为250~450℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的热压缩变形特性,基于动态材料模型建立了热加工图,并结合真应力-真应变曲线确定了该合金在实验条件下的热变形机制及最佳工艺参数。结果表明:ZK31-1.5Y合金的真应力-真应变曲线主要以动态再结晶和动态回复软化机制为特征,峰值应力和稳态应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高显著增加。合金功率耗散图和失稳图中分别包含了3个效率峰值区和1个马鞍形流变失稳区,峰区效率范围为38%~65%,叠加后形成的加工图给出了实验参数范围内热变形时的最优工艺参数,其热变形温度为350~450℃、应变速率为0.1~1 s-1。当应变量由0.1~0.6逐渐增大时对加工图分布规律影响不大。     

Coupled Influence of Temperature and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Characteristics of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

To explore the coupled effect of temperature T and strain rate_e on the deformation features of AZ31 Mg alloy,mechanical behaviors and microstructural evolutions as well as surface deformation and damage features were systematically examined under uniaxial tension at T spanning from 298 to 523 K and_e from 10-4to 10-2s-1. The increase in T or the decrease in_e leads to the marked decrease in flow stress, the appearance of a stress quasi-plateau after an initially rapid strain hardening, and even to the occurrence of successive strain softening. Correspondingly, the plastic deformation modes of AZ31 Mg alloy transform from the predominant twinning and a limited amount of dislocation slip into the enhanced non-basal slip and the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) together with the weakened twinning. Meanwhile, the cracking modes also change from along grain boundaries(GBs) and at twin boundaries(TBs) or the end of twins into nearby GBs where the DRX has occurred. The appearance of a stress quasi-plateau, the formation of large-sized cracks nearby GBs, and the occurrence of continuous strain softening, are intimately related to the enhancement of the non-basal slip and the DRX.