Ni_(75)Al_(25)激光诱导自蔓延烧结合金温度场数值模拟

将Ni粉与Al粉按原子比3:1配比均匀混合,并压制成坯。采用激光诱发引燃自蔓延,分析激光诱导自蔓延成形机理及成形过程,确定模型尺寸和单元类型,建立数学模型。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对烧结过程温度场进行数值模拟,计算得到模型烧结反应10 s后的温度场模拟云图和节点温度随时间变化的曲线图。模拟表明:10 s后模型顶部温度最高为1127 K,底部温度最低为844.236 K。模型a层(距顶部4 mm)烧结产物为Ni3Al,b层自蔓延产物为Ni3Al和NiAl的混合物,c层(距底部8mm)自蔓延产物为NiAl,最后采用XRD对实际试样进行物相结构分析,表明试样各区域物相与该区温度场模拟结果一致。     

自蔓延高温合成法（SHS）制备Al-Ti-C中间合金的研究

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）技术制备出了一种用于铝及铝合金晶粒细化的Al-Ti-C中间合金，并研究了压坯密度、压坯直径、预热温度对自蔓延高温合成Al-Ti-C中间合金时的燃烧温度及微观组织结构的影响。结果表明：采用SHS法合成的Al-Ti-C中间合金由Al，Al3Ti，TiC3相组成：本研究中压坯压力、预热温度对反应合成Al-Ti-C中间合金时的燃烧温度及产物的微观组织结构有较大的影响，而压坯直径变化对微观组织的影响不是很大。     

SHS/QP烧结制备Al2O3纳米陶瓷温度场的数值模拟

采用SHS/QP技术烧结制备Al2O3纳米陶瓷,基于二维傅立叶热平衡方程,建立烧结过程的数理模型,并提出了该模型中耦合项的计算方法及其求解的边界条件。结果表明:随着燃烧波的蔓延,烧结温度逐渐升高;当燃烧波蔓延至整个烧结系统时,温度达到最高,之后温度逐渐降低;烧结过程持续约30 s,最高烧结温度达到2573.17℃。     

燃烧合成Mg2Ni的固相扩散-溶解-析出机理

采用自蔓延燃烧模式及热爆燃烧模式合成较纯的Mg2Ni金属间化合物。通过对不同预热温度下热爆反应过程的研究,证实在较低温度下,Mg-Ni体系存在固固反应,且反应的程度随预热速度的降低而增大。由于Mg-Ni体系为弱放热体系,因此燃烧过程为不完全燃烧。采用试样顶部添加引燃剂(Al-Ti-C)的方法,成功淬熄了Mg-Ni反应。对不同区域进行的SEM、EDS和XRD分析表明反应直接生成了Mg2Ni而没有中间相。     

工艺参数对SHS法制备TiC-Ni(Mo)金属陶瓷复合材料的影响

为了研究预压坯相对密度、预热温度、反应物配比、孔隙率等工艺参数对TiC-Ni(Mo)铝基金属陶瓷复合材料高温合成过程的影响作用,采用自蔓延燃烧合成(SHS)技术在7A52铝合金表面制备了TiC-Ni(Mo)金属陶瓷复合涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)对涂层的物相结构进行了分析。结果表明:体系的燃烧速度随预压坯相对密度的提高呈先增后减的趋势,预压坯的最佳相对密度约为55%;体系的燃烧温度随预热温度增长而增长,最佳预热温度区间在400~450K;体系的绝热温度随体系中Ni-Mo含量的提高而降低,最合适的配比方案为TiC-20Ni(Mo)。     

燃烧合成Mg2Ni的反应过程研究

采用自蔓延及热爆两种燃烧模式成功合成了较纯的Mg2Ni金属间化合物。通过对不同预热温度下热爆反应过程的考查，证实在较低温度下，Mg-Ni体系存在固-固反应，且反应的程度随预热速度的降低而增大。采用在试样项部添加Al-Ti—C引燃剂的方法，在圆柱形钢模具内成功淬熄了Mg—Ni反应。对不同区域的XRD分析表明反应直接生成了Mg2Ni而没有中间产物。结合SEM及EDS分析，燃烧合成Mg2Ni分为以下几个过程：（1）预热阶段的固-固反应过程；（2）燃烧阶段的液相反应过程；（3）燃烧完成阶段的产物冷却结晶过程；（4）保温阶段的成分均匀化过程。     

燃烧合成Mg2Ni的影响因素

用XRD和SEM对Mg-Ni体系燃烧合成产物进行了研究。结果表明：Mg—Ni压坯预热至440℃以上均可热爆合成Mg2Ni，且预热速度越大产物越致密；过大的压坯密度，降低了体系的燃烧温度，影响Mg，Ni间的反应程度；而对于细小的Mg粒，由于较高的燃烧温度，导致合成产物出现严重的烧结现象；此外热爆合成产物在一定温度下适当的保温，有助于提高Mg2Ni的纯度。     

同步送粉激光多道熔覆温度场及基体预热温度影响

采用ANSYS软件"生死单元"技术,建立了同步送粉激光多道熔覆温度场数值模拟模型,并对45钢表面熔覆Ni60合金粉末进行了仿真,获得了熔覆过程的温度场,分析了基体预热对其的影响。结果表明:基体各点在熔覆过程中以固定的温度伴随着热源同步前移,形成准稳态温度场;其他工艺参数不变时,熔池温度场最高温度随基体预热温度的升高而非线性递增。     

Ni3Al金属间化合物自蔓延高温合成中的显微组织演变

为了研究用Ni粉和Al粉自蔓延高温合成(SHS)Ni3Al过程中的显微组织演变,用燃烧波淬熄法使蔓延的燃烧波自行熄灭,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)观察和分析了淬熄试样中的显微组织,测试了燃烧温度,并用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了合成产物的相组成.结果表明,合成反应开始于Al的熔化,从而使Ni粉粒开始部分溶解,Ni与Al原子间的互扩散导致Ni3Al反应扩散层在未溶解的Ni粉粒表面形成并逐渐增厚.该反应具有不完全性,可能是实验中使用了较粗的Ni粉和Al粉的缘故.     

金刚石粒度和含量对自蔓延高温合成NiAl结合金刚石复合材料性能的影响

以Ni粉、Al粉、金刚石为原料，采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了NiAl结合金刚石复合材料，研究了金刚石的粒度和含量对Ni-Al体系燃烧温度和燃烧波蔓延速度的影响以及对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：金刚石降低了Ni-Al体系的燃烧温度和燃烧波蔓延速度，并提高NiAl基体的抗压强度和维氏硬度。但随着金刚石含量的增加，复合材料的力学性能有所下降，NiAl峰升高，Ni₃Al峰下降。随着金刚石的粒度降低，Ni-Al体系的燃烧温度先降低后升高，燃烧波蔓延速度则是先增大后减小，复合材料的抗压强度先升高后降低，维氏硬度降低，Ni₃Al峰先升高后降低，NiAl和Ni峰则是先降低后升高。当金刚石含量为10 mass%、粒度为150～180μm时，复合材料的综合性能最佳，体积密度为3.28 g/cm³,抗压强度为92.0 MPa,维氏硬度为122.06 HV,Ni₃Al峰达到最高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.