A new measure for evaluating spatially related properties of traffic information credibility

With the wide applications of sensor network technology in traffic information acquisition systems, a new measure will be quite necessary to evaluate spatially related properties of traffic information credibility. The heterogeneity of spatial distribution of information credibility from sensor networks is analyzed and a new measure, information credibility function （ICF）, is proposed to describe this heterogeneity. Three possible functional forms of sensor ICF and their corresponding expressions are presented. Then, two feasible operations of spatial superposition of sensor ICFs are discussed. Finally, a numerical example is introduced to show the calibration method of sensor ICF and obtain the spatially related properties of expressway in Beijing. The results show that the sensor ICF of expressway in Beijing possesses a negative exponent property. The traffic information is more abundant at or near the locations of sensor, while with the distance away from the sensor increasing, the traffic information credibility will be declined by an exponential trend. The new measure provides theoretical bases for the optimal locations of traffic sensor networks and the mechanism research of spatial distribution of traffic information credibility.     

Dynamic cluster member selection method for multi-target tracking in wireless sensor network简

Multi-target tracking（MTT） is a research hotspot of wireless sensor networks at present.A self-organized dynamic cluster task allocation scheme is used to implement collaborative task allocation for MTT in WSN and a special cluster member（CM） node selection method is put forward in the scheme.An energy efficiency model was proposed under consideration of both energy consumption and remaining energy balance in the network.A tracking accuracy model based on area-sum principle was also presented through analyzing the localization accuracy of triangulation.Then,the two models mentioned above were combined to establish dynamic cluster member selection model for MTT where a comprehensive performance index function was designed to guide the CM node selection.This selection was fulfilled using genetic algorithm.Simulation results show that this method keeps both energy efficiency and tracking quality in optimal state,and also indicate the validity of genetic algorithm in implementing CM node selection.     

Sensor array calibration for uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors

The sensor array calibration methods tailored to uniform rectangular array （URA） in the presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors were addressed. First, the mutual coupling model of the URA was studied, and then a set of steering vectors corresponding to distinct locations were numerically computed with the help of several time-disjoint auxiliary sources with known directions. Then, the optimization modeling with respect to the array error matrix （defined by the product of mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain-and-phase errors matrix） was constructed. Two preferable algorithms （called algorithm I and algorithm II） were developed to minimize the cost function. In algorithm I, the array error matrix was regarded as a whole parameter to be estimated, and the exact solution was available. Compared to some existing algorithms with the similar computation framework, algorithm I can make full use of the potentially linear characteristics of URA＇s error matrix, thus, the calibration precision was obviously enhanced. In algorithm II, the array error matrix was decomposed into two matrix parameters to be optimized. Compared to algorithm I, it can further decrease the number of unknowns and, thereby, yield better estimation accuracy. However, algorithm II was incapable of producing the closed-form solution and the iteration operation was unavoidable. Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the two novel algorithms compared to some existing calibration algorithms.     

Effects of magnetic fields on Fe-Si composite electrodeposition

Coatings containing Fe-Si particles were electrodeposited on 3.0wt% Si steel sheets under magnetic fields. The effects of magnetic flux density （MFD）, electrode arrangement and current density on the surface morphology, the silicon content in the coatings and the cathode current efficiency were investigated. When a magnetic field was applied parallel to the current and when the MFD was less than 0.5 T, numerous needle-like structures appeared on the coating surface. With increasing MFD, the needle-like structures weakened and were transformed into dome-shaped structures. Meanwhile, compared to results obtained in the absence of a magnetic field, the silicon content in the coatings significantly increased as the MFD was increased for all of the samples obtained using a vertical electrode system. However, in the case of an aclinic electrode system, the silicon content decreased. Furthermore, the cathode current efficiency was considerably diminished when a magnetic field was applied. A possible mechanism for these phenomena was discussed.     

Interference management via access control and mobility prediction in two-tier heterogeneous networks

Abstract： Two-tier heterogeneous networks （HetNets）, where the current cellular networks, i.e., macrocells, are overlapped with a large number of randomly distributed femtocells, can potentially bring significant benefits to spectral utilization and system capacity. The interference management and access control for open and closed femtocells in two-tier HetNets were focused. The contributions consist of two parts. Firstly, in order to reduce the uplink interference caused by MUEs （macrocell user equipments） at closed femtocells, an incentive mechanism to implement interference mitigation was proposed. It encourages femtoeells that work with closed-subscriber-group （CSG） to allow the interfering MUEs access in but only via uplink, which can reduce the interference significantly and also benefit the marco-tier. The interference issue was then studied in open-subscriber-group （OSG） femtocells from the perspective of handover and mobility prediction. Inbound handover provides an alternative solution for open femtocells when interference turns up, while this accompanies with PCI （physical cell identity） confusion during inbound handover. To reduce the PCI confusion, a dynamic PCI allocation scheme was proposed, by which the high handin femtocells have the dedicated PCI while the others share the reuse PCIs. A Markov chain based mobility prediction algorithm was designed to decide whether the femtoeell status is with high handover requests. Numerical analysis reveals that the UL interference is managed well for the CSG femtocell and the PCI confusion issue is mitigated greatly in OSG femtocell compared to the conventional approaches.     

Fabrication and densification enhancement of SiC-particulate-reinforced copper matrix composites prepared via the sinter-forging process

The fabrication of copper （Cu） and copper matrix silicon carbide （Cu/SiCp） particulate composites via the sinter-forging process was investigated. Sintering and sinter-forging processes were performed under an inert Ar atmosphere. The influence of sinter-forging time, temperature, and compressive stress on the relative density and hardness of the prepared samples was systematically investigated and subsequently compared with that of the samples prepared by the conventional sintering process. The relative density and hardness of the composites were enhanced when they were prepared by the sinter-forging process. The relative density values of all Cu/SiCp composite samples were observed to decrease with the increase in SiC content.     

Effect of substrate doping on threshold voltages of buried channel pMOSFET based on strained-SiGe technology

The effect of substrate doping on the threshold voltages of buried channel pMOSFET based on strained-SiGe technology was studied. By physically deriving the models of the threshold voltages, it is found that the layer which inversely occurs first is substrate doping dependent, giving explanation for the variation of plateau observed in theC-V characteristics of this device, as the doping concentration increases. The threshold voltages obtained from the proposed model are-1.2805 V for buried channel and-2.9358 V for surface channel at a lightly doping case, and-3.41 V for surface channel at a heavily doping case, which agrees well with the experimental results. Also, the variations of the threshold voltages with several device parameters are discussed, which provides valuable reference to the designers of strained-SiGe devices.     

Desulfurization ability of refining slag with medium basicity

The desulfurization ability of refining slag with relative lower basicity （B） and Al2O3 content （B = 3.5-5.0; 20wt%-25wt% Al2O3） was studied. Firstly, the component activities and sulfide capacity （Cs） of the slag were calculated. Then slag-metal equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium sulfur distribution （Ls）. Based on the laboratorial experiments, slag composition was optimized for a better desulfurization ability, which was verified by industrial trials in a steel plant. The obtained results indicated that an MgO-saturated CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO system with the basicity of about 3.5-5.0 and the Al2O3 content in the range of 20wt%-25wt% has high activity of CaO （αCaO）, with no deterioration of Cs compared with conventional desulfurization slag. The measured Ls between high-strength low-alloyed （HSLA） steel and slag with a basicity of about 3.5 and an Al2O3 content of about 20wt% and between HSLA steel and slag with a basicity of about 5.0 and an Al2O3 content of about 25wt% is 350 and 275, respectively. The new slag with a basicity of about 3.5-5.0 and an Al2O3 content of about 20wt% has strong desulfurization ability. In particular, the key for high-efficiency desulfurization is to keep oxygen potential in the reaction system as low as possible, which was also verified by industrial trials.     

Production of HfO2 thin films using different methods： chemical bath deposition,SILAR and sol-gel process

Hafnium oxide thin films （HOTFs） were successfully deposited onto amorphous glasses using chemical bath deposition, successive ionic layer absorption and reaction （SILAR）, and sol-gel methods. The same reactive precursors were used for all of the methods, and all of the films were annealed at 300℃ in an oven （ambient conditions）. After this step, the optical and structural properties of the films produced by using the three different methods were compared. The structures of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffTaction （XRD）. The optical properties are investigated using the ultraviolet-visible （UV-VIS） spectroscopic technique. The film thickness was measured via atomic force microscopy （AFM） in the tapping mode. The surface properties and elemental ratios of the films were investigated and measured by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. The lowest transmittance and the highest reflectance values were observed for the films produced using the SILAR method. In addition, the most intense characteristic XRD peak was observed in the diffraction pattern of the film produced using the SILAR method, and the greatest thickness and average grain size were calculated for the film produced using the SILAR method. The films produced using SILAR method contained fewer cracks than those produced using the other methods. In conclusion, the SILAR method was observed to be the best method for the production of HOTFs.     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb1-1.5xLax（Zr0.53 Ti0.47）1-y-zFeyNb2O3 （x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01） （PZTFN） ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal （space group P4mm） and rhombohedral （space group R3c） phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hys- teresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response atx 〉 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）.     

Effects of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and wear behavior of WCp reinforced Ni-based coatings

This article focuses on the microstructural evolution and wear behavior of 50wt%WC reinforced Ni-based composites prepared onto 304 stainless steel substrates by vacuum sintering at different sintering temperatures. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential thermal analysis （DTA）, scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM and TEM） equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The wear resistance of the coatings was tested by thrust washer testing. The mechanisms of the decomposition, dissolution, and precipitation of primary carbides, and their influences on the wear resistance have been discussed. The results indicate that the coating sintered at 1175℃ is composed of fine WC particles, coarse M6C （M=Ni, Fe, Co, etc.） carbides, and discrete borides dispersed in solid solution. Upon increasing the sintering temperature to 1225℃, the microstructure reveals few incompletely dissolved WC particles trapped in larger M6C, Cr-rich lamellar M23C6, and M3C2 in the austenite matrix. M23C6 and M3C2 precipitates are formed in both the γ/M6C grain boundary and the matrix. These large-sized and lamellar brittle phases tend to weaken the wear resistance of the composite coatings. The wear behavior is controlled simultaneously by both abrasive wear and adhesive wear. Among them, abrasive wear plays a major role in the wear process of the coating sintered at 1175℃, while the effect of adhesive wear is predominant in the coating sintered at 1225℃.     

Free clustering optimal particle probability hypothesis density（PHD） filter

As to the fact that it is difficult to obtain analytical form of optimal sampling density and tracking performance of standard particle probability hypothesis density（P-PHD） filter would decline when clustering algorithm is used to extract target states,a free clustering optimal P-PHD（FCO-P-PHD） filter is proposed.This method can lead to obtainment of analytical form of optimal sampling density of P-PHD filter and realization of optimal P-PHD filter without use of clustering algorithms in extraction target states.Besides,as sate extraction method in FCO-P-PHD filter is coupled with the process of obtaining analytical form for optimal sampling density,through decoupling process,a new single-sensor free clustering state extraction method is proposed.By combining this method with standard P-PHD filter,FC-P-PHD filter can be obtained,which significantly improves the tracking performance of P-PHD filter.In the end,the effectiveness of proposed algorithms and their advantages over other algorithms are validated through several simulation experiments.     

Large-scale two-dimensional nonlinear FE analysis on PGA amplification effect with depth and focusing effect of Fuzhou Basin

Based on the explicit finite element（FE） method and platform of ABAQUS,considering both the inhomogeneity of soils and concave-convex fluctuation of topography,a large-scale refined two-dimensional（2D） FE nonlinear analytical model for Fuzhou Basin was established.The peak ground motion acceleration（PGA） and focusing effect with depth were analyzed.Meanwhile,the results by wave propagation of one-dimensional（1D） layered medium equivalent linearization method were added for contrast.The results show that：1） PGA at different depths are obviously amplified compared to the input ground motion,amplification effect of both funnel-shaped depression and upheaval areas（based on the shape of bedrock surface） present especially remarkable.The 2D results indicate that the PGA displays a non-monotonic decreasing with depth and a greater focusing effect of some particular layers,while the 1D results turn out that the PGA decreases with depth,except that PGA at few particular depth increases abruptly; 2） To the funnel-shaped depression areas,PGA amplification effect above 8 m depth shows relatively larger,to the upheaval areas,PGA amplification effect from 15 m to 25 m depth seems more significant.However,the regularities of the PGA amplification effect could hardly be found in the rest areas; 3） It appears a higher regression rate of PGA amplification coefficient with depth when under a smaller input motion; 4） The frequency spectral characteristic of input motion has noticeable effects on PGA amplification tendency.     

Fluidized bed coating efficiency and morphology of coatings for producing Al-based nanocomposite hollow spheres

Abstract： We performed fluidized bed coating ofAl-based nanoeomposite powder-binder suspensions onto polymer substrates. The effects of the type and amount of the binder and nanoparticle additive on the coating process efficiency and coating characteristics were investigated. The efficiency decreased from 52% to 49% as the processing time increased from 15 to 20 min. However, the amount and thickness of the coating also increased as the processing time and amount of the binder were increased. The addition of nanoparticles to the system decreased the thickness of the coating from 222 to 207 μm when polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a binder. The suspension containing 3wt% R-4410 binder exhibited the greatest efficiency of 60%.     

A ternary TiO2/WO3/graphene nanocomposite adsorbent： facile preparation and efficient removal of Rhodamine B

Ternary TiO2/WO3/graphene （TWG） nanocomposites were prepared by a facile salt-ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption--desorption. Both anatase TiO2 and orthorhombic WO3 formed in the nanocomposites, along with a highly disordered overlay of individual graphene nanosheets. Polyhedral and spherical TiO/and WO3 nanoparticles of uniform size 10-30 nm were densely anchored to the graphene sheets. The maximum specific surface area of the products was 144.59 m2·g^-1. The products showed clear abilities for the removal of Rhodamine B in the absence of illumination. Furthermore, the adsorption activity of the products exhibited only a slight decrease after three successive cycles. The results demonstrate that the ternary nanocomposites could be used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants.     

Hydroxyapatite/alumina nanocrystalline composite powders synthesized by sol-gel process for biomedical applications

Hydroxyapatite/alumina nanocrystalline composite powders needed for various biomedical applications were successfully synthe- sized by sol-gel process. Structural and morphological investigations of the prepared composite powders were performed using X-ray dif- fractometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X＇Pert HighScore software, and Clemex Vision image analysis software. The re- suits show that the crystallite size of the obtained composite powders is in the range of 25 to 90 nm. SEM evaluation shows that the obtained composite powders have a porous structure, which is very useful for biomedical applications. The spherical nanoparticles in the range of 60 to 800 nm are embedded in the agglomerated clusters of the prepared composite powders.     

放射性廃棄物量を低減するための低放射化材料の開発

When nuclear plants will reach to decommission stage, a huge amount of concrete should be disposed as radioactive waste. So design methodology for reinforced concrete of nuclear power plants to reduce radioactive wastes in decommission phase has been developed. To realize this purpose （1）Development of raw materials database of cements, aggregates and steel bars on concentration of radioactive target elements, （2）trial production of low activation cement and steel bars based on the material database, and （3）development of tools for estimation and prediction of the amount of radioactive elements in reactor shielding walls have been carried out.
Manufactu cements, low-a crete. After th ring tests by etivation addi at, we devel mixing together with low-activation aggregate, low-activation tives, etc, have been performed to develop low-activation conoped various types （1/10, 1/20, 1/30, …, 1/1000, 1/3000, and 1/10000） of low activation concrete composed of low activation raw materials as very useful shielding material in a nuclear facility. The term＂1/10 of low-activation concrete＂ denotes that the activity reduction rate to ordinary concrete is designed to be 1/10. By adopting some suitable types of low-activation concrete, most of the shielding concrete around ABWR and APWR are classified below clearance level on decommissioning.
To reduce the radioactive concrete, the most effective methodology is not to use the materials of high radio-nuclide content such as coal ash and blast furnace slag, and to use limestone as additives or aggregate. However, concrete uses Portland cement for hardening, therefore, it is difficult to reduce the amount of radioactive concrete unless radio-nuclide content in cement is reduced. So in this study, we tried to develop the new type of low-activation cement by reducing of radio-nuclide as europium and cobalt.     

Bonding characteristics of the Al2O3-metal composite coating fabricated onto carbon steel by combustion synthesis

The fabrication of an alumina-metal composite coating onto a carbon steel substrate by using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique was demonstrated. The effects of the type and thickness of the pre-coated layer on the binding structure and surface qual- ity of the coating were systematically investigated. The macrostructure, phase composition, and bonding interface between the coating and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDS）. The diffraction patterns indicated that the coating essentially consisted of α-Al2O3, Fe（Cr）, and FeO-Al2O3. With an increase in the thickness of the pre-coated working layer, the coating became more smooth and compact. The transition layer played an important role in enhancing the binding between the coating and the substmte. When the pre-coated working layer was 10 mm and the pre-coated transition layer was 1 ram, a compact structure and metallurgical bonding with the substrate were obtained. Thermal shock test results indicated that the ceramic coating exhibited good thermal shock resistance when the sample was rapidly quenched from 800℃ to room temperature by plunging into water.     

Mechanism of electro-hydraulic exciter for new tamping device简

A new tamping device which is driven by an electrohydraulic exciter was proposed to overcome the limitations of mechanically driven devices.The double-rod oscillation cylinder drives the tamping arm to realize vibration.A new spin valve was designed in order to fulfill dynamic state requirements of the oscillation cylinder.Parametric analysis was carried out by establishing mathematic model.Then,the relationships among the structure of valve port and the frequency,amplitude,output shock force of the cylinder were researched.An experimental device of the electrohydraulic exciter was established to validate the theoretical results.The signals were acquired by AVANT dynamic signal analyser of vibration.The results show that new tamping device can satisfy all kinds of complex working conditions with the flexible adjustment of frequency and amplitude.     

Effect of partition coefficient on microsegregation during solidification of aluminium alloys

In the modeling of microsegregation, the partition coefficient is usually calculated using data from the equilibrium phase diagrams. The aim of this study was to experimentally and theoretically analyze the partition coefficient in binary aluminum--copper alloys. The sam- ples were analyzed by differential thermal analysis （DTA）, which were melted and quenched from different temperatures during solidifica- tion. The mass fraction and composition of phases were measured by image processing and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） unit. These data were used to calculate as the experimental partition coefficients with four different methods. The experimental and equilibrium partition coefficients were used to model the concentration profile in the primary phase. The modeling results show that the profiles calculated by the experimental partition coefficients are more consistent with the experi- mental profiles, compared to those calculated using the equilibrium partition coefficients.