International Diffusion of Digital Mobile Technology: A Coupled-Hazard State-Based Approach

The convergence of the Internet, electronic commerce, and wireless technology has created the basis for the rapid global diffusion of mobile commerce. We believe that one approach to understand mobile commerce diffusion is to study the diffusion of digital mobile devices required in mobile commerce activities. Although prior research in technology diffusion has identified a set of variables that affect the entire diffusion process, our knowledge about the factors that dominate at different states of a diffusion process is still incomplete. This research puts forward a new theoretical perspective to enable managers to better understand the states of technology diffusion in the context of digital mobile phones. Our empirical methods involve a coupled-hazard analysis of an interdependent event model to test the effects of country characteristics, the digital and the analog mobile phone industry characteristics, and the regulatory policies on various states of digital mobile phone diffusion across countries. We conduct non-parametric and parametric survival analysis of the model. The results illustrate a broader set of factors that drive the diffusion speed from the early to the partial diffusion state than from the introduction to the early diffusion state.     

无线传感器网络下移动扩散源追踪算法

与移动瞬时源追踪相比,移动扩散源追踪相对困难.本文分析了移动扩散源扩散过程,给出了离散化浓度场模型.将连续线源目标追踪问题转化为离散点源目标追踪的次优问题,提出了一种离散化移动扩散源追踪算法.在该算法中,先采用约束最小二乘方法估计目标实时位置、到达时间等相关参数,并进一步采用仅针对位置序列的Sage-Husa卡尔曼滤波方法优化位置估计.该算法克服了一般基于动态序列的追踪方法无法直接应用于离散移动扩散源追踪问题的不足.在仿真实验中,分别在匀速率平滑曲线运动与变速非平滑曲线运动的情形下进行追踪实验,分析了追踪精度与采样间隔以及观测节点密度的关系.仿真结果说明了提出的移动扩散源追踪算法的有效性.     

Personalized and mobile digital TV applications

The introduction of mobile and broadband networks in complement to the existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial platforms, opens new opportunities for interactive TV (ITV) applications. In addition, the widespread adoption of multimedia computing has enabled the processing of TV content on personal devices such as mobile phones and PCs. The above developments raise novel issues and require the adoption of new multimedia standards and application frameworks. In particular, the explosion in the amount of available TV channels over digital television platforms (broadcast or internet protocol) makes searching and locating interesting content a cumbersome task. In this context, personalization research is concerned with the adaptation of content (e.g. movies, news, advertisements). Personalization is achieved with the employment of algorithms and data collection schemes that predict and recommend to television viewers content that match their interests. In addition, the distribution of TV content to mobile devices over broadband wireless raises the issue of video quality. Video quality depends on many aspects of the video encoding systems, such as bit rate and algorithms that model human perception of video on small screens. In this article, we examine contemporary research in personalized and mobile digital TV applications. Moreover, we present a critical survey of the most prominent research and provide directions for further research in personalized and mobile digital TV (DTV) applications.     

How Does Sentiment Content of Product Reviews Make Diffusion Different?

ABSTRACT

The current study is focusing on diffusion and adoption of new digital artifacts. The goal is to explore the social role of user-generated content (UGC) during the diffusion process of digital products in the context of online social networks. Data collection is conducted on 154 new digital products during a two-year timeframe. Results of the study provide a deeper insight into the influence of sentiment content on new product diffusion and how such a web system (i.e., online social networks) can help to enable a process of value co-creation. The overall finding shows that sentiment content has a positive, but dynamic relationship with diffusion of digital products.

The study sheds light on the crowding power and the long-tail effect in online social networks. Findings also offer valuable implications for organizations to set up their strategic vision in terms of information dissemination, digital marketing, and customer relationship management.     

Towards a model of consumer use of mobile information and communication technology in LDCs: the case of sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract. Using theories of technology acceptance and technology transfer, we identified factors affecting the use of mobile information and communication technology (mobile ICT) in the least developed countries (LDCs), specifically sub-Saharan Africa. From a literature review, we developed a research model to describe factors that impact mobile ICT use and formulated a series of hypotheses about them. We then surveyed mobile ICT users in Kenya and Nigeria and created a structural model to examine our hypothesized relationships. Our findings indicate that access to mobile ICT, and cultural influences on mobile ICT diffusion, strongly influence individuals' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of mobile ICT. Individuals' perceptions about the reliability of mobile ICT influence use of these technologies significantly. The results suggest that, although extensive ICT diffusion (high mobile ICT levels per capita) may be necessary for seeding commercial and economic initiatives that depend heavily on mobile ICT, such as m-commerce, it may not be sufficient. Firms conducting business in sub-Saharan Africa need to pay attention to the factors that explain individual mobile ICT use because these factors will most likely determine the optimal market segmentation, business development and customer service strategies for leveraging m-commerce operations in that region. For government units, the understanding of such factors would also be beneficial in aiding economic planning and commerce.     

Genre in the Design Space

When doing research on design and genre development in digital media and for mobile platforms based on a combination of analysis and practical development, integrating the different aspects in a coherent model presents a challenge. This article outlines such a model, in which design is key to understanding the relationships between technology, genre, and practical development. The model is based on research on digital media and practical development of services for mobile devices. Overall, the model contributes to a methodology that combines genre studies and design-related research.     

A secure and traceable E-DRM system based on mobile device

In recent years, intellectual property violation events have caused enterprise to respect digital content protection. Illegal copying digital content abuses become a serious problem. Because the mobile devices are more portable and individualized than personal computers, anyone can access the network resources at anytime from anywhere. However, valuable digital contents without proper protection make the content vulnerable to unauthorized copying, modification and re-distribution, causing revenue losses to service providers. Thus, constructing an effective Digital Right Management (DRM) system has become an important issue.On the basis of the mobile device, we propose an efficient digital rights management protocol. We apply symmetrical cryptosystem, asymmetrical cryptosystem, digital signature and one-way hash function mechanisms in our scheme. To overcome the computing resource weakness problem of mobile devices, we also integrate digital certificate, hardware information and one time password mechanisms such that the security, persistent protection, integrity, authentication, track usage of DRM work, changeable access right, integration and portability issues will be assured. In this way, the mobile user can access the digital content securely in the enterprise via authorization mechanism.     

基于移动Agent的数字气田生产运行系统应用研究*

通过分析移动代理在数字气田生产运行系统中的优势,提出了基于Masterworker移动代理数字气田生产运行系统模型结构,详细讨论了主要代理和工作流程,重点分析了基于该模型移动代理的迁移和基于VPN的移动代理安全性。该方案在数字气田的应用,为数字气田分布式应用提供了一种新的方法和手段。     

A video-based framework for the analysis of presentations/posters

Detection and recognition of textual information in an image or video sequence is important for many applications. The increased resolution and capabilities of digital cameras and faster mobile processing allow for the development of interesting systems. We present an application based on the capture of information presented at a slide-show presentation or at a poster session. We describe the development of a system to process the textual and graphical information in such presentations. The application integrates video and image processing, document layout understanding, optical character recognition (OCR), and pattern recognition. The digital imaging device captures slides/poster images, and the computing module preprocesses and annotates the content. Various problems related to metric rectification, key-frame extraction, text detection, enhancement, and system integration are addressed. The results are promising for applications such as a mobile text reader for the visually impaired. By using powerful text-processing algorithms, we can extend this framework to other applications, e.g., document and conference archiving, camera-based semantics extraction, and ontology creation.Received: 18 December 2003, Revised: 1 November 2004, Published online: 2 February 2005     

A new modeling approach investigating the diffusion speed of mobile telecommunication services in EU-15

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the time-delay effect on the diffusion of mobile telecommunication services in EU. It has been proved from several studies that the time-delay between the awareness and the adoption phase of mobile services-potential users determines the speed of the mobile telecommunication service diffusion and can be used effectively for ranking or cluster purposes in cases when the diffusion of a new product in different countries is studied. The proposed modeling approach originates from the well-known logistic model where it is assumed that the ordinary contagion process does not take place instantly but after some certain amount of time. A proper modification of the proposed model described by a time lag ordinary differential equation can be solved analytically and its properties for several parameters’ combination are investigated. Moreover, a new diffusion speed index is proposed and the correlation between the time-delay index and the proposed diffusion speed index is examined. Finally the model is applied to real data concerning the mobile services diffusion in 15 counties of EU from 1990 to 2002. Based on the estimated parameters of the model produced for each country a ranking and a clustering of the EU countries based on their derived diffusion speed and time-delay indexes are provided.     

SOME TIME RANDOM VARIABLES RELATED TO A GOMPERTZ-TYPE DIFFUSION PROCESS

In the context of a Gompertz-type diffusion process (associated with a particular expression of the Gompertz curve for which its limit value depends on the initial value), we consider the study of two time-random variables: the inflection time of the model and the time at which it achieves a certain percentage of the total growth. Once we have shown the difficulties in the approach of the former, we deal with it as a particular case of the second. Furthermore, because of the peculiar characteristics of the considered process, we prove that these two problems can be formulated as a first-passage-time problem through a constant boundary. Finally, we conclude with an application to the growth of rabbits, in which we obtain the density functions of the inflection time and the time at which a rabbit achieves the half of its total growth.     

Video digital libraries: contributive and decentralised

Technology usage is changing rapidly and is becoming a more mobile, more social and more multimedia-based experience. This is especially true in the area of content creation where mobile social applications used by crowds of people are challenging traditional ways of creating and distributing content, especially for applications like news dissemination. Libraries have traditionally functioned as repositories where the information content of a society is analysed, curated, organised and stored, acting as a permanent record of what is to be remembered from a society. How can this function be achieved by present-day libraries attempting to cope with mobile, social, multimedia content who’s nature and utility of which change the type of information we wish to curate and store? This information is both dynamic and organic, posing challenges to the more fixed models of information in digital libraries. In this article we describe two digital library systems that archive video content from the sports domain, and which support user annotations and merging of diverse information sources in an integrated way. We report on analysis of the deployment of these two systems and highlight how they extend the traditional role of a (digital) library.     

数字移动通信过程计算机模拟

根据数字移动通信的特点以及数字移动通信系统的工作原理，提出了一个流程化、结构化仿真模型，并依据面向对象思想、相似理论、合理估计思想构建仿真模型。在构建仿真模型的基础上，利用VR技术、多媒体技术、数据库技术来开发数字移动通信仿真系统，模拟数字移动通信过程，从而对数字移动通信的研究和教学提供帮助。     

From free to fee: Monetizing digital content through expected utility-based recommender systems

This study proposes a novel framework for designing business rule analytics to assist businesses offering digital content in effectively converting free-only users (FOUs) into paying customers. Based on the theory of expected utility, we expand upon traditional frequency-driven rule analytics by integrating three business-relevant factors (target size, conversion profit, and conversion likelihood) into the process of generating recommendations for FOUs in digital content markets. The framework was tested using two different types of empirical analysis. We conducted a field experiment collaborating with a nationwide e-book store to determine how FOUs responded to the recommendations generated under the proposed framework. Furthermore, we analyzed over 5 million transactions collected from the e-book seller and a mobile application provider to examine the impact of customer segmentation on the effectiveness of our approach. Our findings suggest that business analytics derived from the utility-based mechanisms can significantly enhance digital content providers' business performance.     

Information technology and changes in industry

Because of its generic character, information technology (IT) is a key technology in changing the industrial structure and daily routines of companies. The diffusion process of new technologies, including information technology, is a complicated process and difficult to manage. Increasing understanding of this process means increasing management of the technology and its use. The diffusion process of a technology can be described by the form of a S-shaped curve. Such a curve is a function of time giving the penetration level of the particular technology. Because the function itself is dependent on so many variables and arguments, the only way to increase understanding of the existing status and the future improvements is to use modularisation (i.e. finding components whose behaviour can be managed) and thereby achieve an incremental increase in our knowledge of the continuing process. This investigation includes state-of-the-art studies, case-studies and analyses on the diffusion process of specific products. Each of these provides both quantitative and qualitative data to produce a synthesis giving a clear view of the diffusion process. This paper reviews some of the results of two studies (Jaakkola & Mertanen, 1990; Latvala et al., 1990) on the diffusion of information technology in Finnish industry. The experiences and results of a national microelectronics program are reported. Basic principles and the character of the diffusion process are discussed, and in conclusion, certain details of the diffusion process of IT are discussed.     

基于LDA-DeepHawkes模型的信息级联预测

基于信息早期的传播特征来预测其未来的传播范围具有广泛的应用价值。DeepHawkes模型将Hawkes模型与深度学习相结合,不仅继承了Hawkes模型能够表征和建模信息扩散过程的高度可解释性,又具备深度学习自主学习流行度预测隐含特征的高准确预测能力,弥合了传统方法中信息级联的预测与理解之间的间隙。然而,DeepHawkes模型忽略了信息本身的文本内容对于传播的影响。在DeepHawkes模型的基础上提出了既考虑级联的因素又考虑文本内容的LDA-DeepHawkes模型,更加全面地建模信息扩散过程,在继承DeepHawkes高解释性的同时,进一步提高预测准确度。在两个新浪微博数据集上对比了LDA-DeepHawkes模型与其他模型的预测准确度,分析了模型中参数对预测效果的影响。实验结果表明:LDA-DeepHawkes模型有较好的预测精度,说明信息的文本内容也是影响信息扩散的重要因素。     

Embodied experiences of place: a study of history learning with mobile technologies

This paper reports an empirical study that takes a multimodal analytical approach to examine how mobile technologies shape students' exploration and experience of place during a history learning activity in situ. In history education, mobile technologies provide opportunities for authentic experiential learning activities that have the potential to re‐mediate students' understanding of space and place through enacted interaction, and to make the learning more memorable. A key question is how learners work with the physical and digital information in the context of that learning experience, and how this supports new experiences and understanding of space and place. Findings suggest that embodied mobile experiences foster the creation of both physical and digital markers, which were instrumental in concretizing the history experience and developing new narratives. The findings also show how different representational forms of digital information mediated interaction in specific ways and how digital augmentation can lead to conflation in student understanding of space and time. These findings inform our understanding of the value of mobile applications in supporting embodied learning experiences and provide key implications for pedagogical design, both in situ and back in the classroom.     

CDM:Content Diffusion Model for Information-Centric Networks

This paper proposes the Content Diffusion Model(CDM) for modeling the content diffusion process in information-centric networking(ICN).CDM is inspired by the epidemic model and it provides a method of theoretical quantitative analysis for the content diffusion process in ICN.Specifically,CDM introduces the key functions to formalize the key factors that influence the content diffusion process,and thus it can construct the model via a simple but efficient way.Further,we derive CDM by using different combinations of those key factors and put them into several typical ICN scenarios,to analyze the characteristics during the diffusion process such as diffusion speed,diffusion scope,average fetching hops,changing and final state,which can greatly help to analyze the network performance and application design.A series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of CDM.The results show that CDM can accurately illustrate and model the content diffusion process in ICN.     

A mobile knowledge carrier with personalized knowledge provision

In the e-commerce era, the organization knowledge within a centralized knowledge management server can be easily accessed over the Internet by the client PCs at distinct locations. Currently, the personal digital assistant (PDA) has been widely used as the carrier for personal memos and daily records for its high mobility. Taking advantage of the personal information, the user requirements for knowledge can be determined. This research presents an intelligent KM scheme by integrating the PDA information (including notes, schedules and address book) mining model and mobile knowledge management mechanism. Based on the user profile mining technique, the PDA-ready knowledge that fits user requirements can be imported from the knowledge server to the client PDA. Demonstration cases are also provided to illustrate the applications of the proposed model in the content services and healthcare industry. By application of the mobile KM technique, the organization knowledge can be seamlessly provided to the PDA user via the data synchronization process. The attempt of this paper is to present an applicable and intelligent mobile knowledge carrier for realization of the mobile office.