高吸水性树脂超声波法制备研究进展及趋势

综述了超声波法制备高吸水树脂研究进展,包括超声波法制备合成聚合物系列高吸水树脂、超声波法制备天然多糖交联型高吸水树脂、超声波法制备接枝天然多糖型高吸水树脂等。最后指出了超声波法制备高吸水树脂研究需要加强的几个方向:即加强超声波法制备各种类型高吸水树脂的实验研究;加强超声辐射产生设备的革新研究;降低成本,扩大应用领域。     

高吸水高分子材料的研究进展

本文主要介绍了国内外高吸水高分子材料不同的研究方法和工艺方法,重点综述了淀粉系、纤维素系和合成聚合物等三大类高吸水高分子材料的研究进展。     

新形势下利用聚乙烯废塑料合成高吸水树脂分析

我国经济在不断发展,科学技术在不断进步,聚乙烯废塑料再生利用技术也在不断发展,聚乙烯废塑料利用技术的发展促进了高吸水树脂的发展与应用。本文对聚乙烯废塑料和高吸水树脂进行相关介绍,并且对利用聚乙烯合成高吸水树脂技术进行探讨,在新形势下对聚乙烯废塑料合成高吸水树脂进行分析。     

微波辐射制备合成聚合物系列高吸水树脂研究进展

首先介绍了微波辐射聚合反应及其特点,对传统加热条件下和微波辐射条件下的自由基聚合反应进行了比较。然后就微波辐射乙烯基单体溶液聚合制备合成聚合物系列高吸水树脂的研究进展进行了综述。最后指出了微波辐射乙烯基单体聚合制备高吸水树脂研究需要关注的几个方向,即加强理论对实践的指导研究,尝试引入更多的功能性单体来改善高吸水树脂的性能,尝试采用乳液聚合、悬浮聚合等多种聚合方式等。     

近期国内AMPS聚合物研究进展

2-丙烯酰胺基2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)是一种具有广泛应用前景的有机单体,以其为原料合成的水溶性聚合物具有优异的抗温性、抗盐性和水解稳定性,可广泛用于油田化学品、水处理化学品和高吸水材料等领域。近年来AMPS聚合物研究又有了一些新进展,特别是在高吸水树脂的合成、超声波辐射聚合、微波辐射聚合和UV辐射聚合方法的应用,进一步提高了其综合性能。介绍了近2年国内AMPS聚合物的研究及应用情况。     

淀粉接枝共聚高吸水树脂的研究进展及应用

介绍了淀粉系高吸水性树脂的制备引发方式,阐述了利用化学引发法合成的淀粉接枝丙烯腈类、丙烯酸类和丙烯酸酯或丙烯酰胺类3个系列吸水树脂的研究进展,并且介绍了淀粉接枝共聚高吸水树脂在个人卫生、医药、农业园林等方面的应用。简要指出了高吸水树脂的研究及发展方向。     

合成聚合物系列高吸水树脂γ-射线引发制备研究进展

介绍了γ-射线引发自由基聚合反应的特点与反应机理。综述了通过γ-射线辐射引发溶液聚合、反向悬浮聚合和反向乳液聚合等方式制备合成聚合物系列高吸水树脂的研究进展。最后指出了该研究领域需要加强的几个研究方向:通过增加功能单体或者添加剂,合成多功能高吸水树脂;重视其在农林园艺领域的应用试验研究,推动其实用化。     

吸湿速干舒适性纤维及织物

介绍了织物舒适性的一般原理、舒适性纤维生产技术 ,说明了舒适性纤维及织物的制作技术及吸水 -扩散 -速干原理。建议在纤维制造阶段进行物理改性 ,制造高吸水纤维 ,在聚合物合成阶段采用共聚等方法 ,解决纤维吸水排汗的问题     

等离子体聚合物薄膜的性质及应用进展

概述了利用低温等离子体技术制备的有机聚合物薄膜特性、主要合成方法及研究现状，简要讨论了等离子体聚合条件对薄膜结构和性质的影响；介绍了现代分析技术对聚合物薄膜结构的表征；阐述了近年来对低温等离子体聚合物薄膜的物理性质(包括表面性质、渗透性、电学和光学性质等)的研究新进展，并描述了其在工业生产上的一些应用。     

细乳液聚合最新研究进展

随着高分子合成技术的迅速发展,乳液聚合法的发展创新趋势较为明显,其聚合过程对商品聚合物的生产至关重要,所制备出的聚合物乳液可直接用作水性涂料和胶粘剂等。文中具体介绍了细乳液聚合体系的设计方法、聚合过程及稳定机理,重点综述了近年来细乳液聚合在高固含量细乳液制备、纳米复合材料制备（荧光聚合物纳米粒子、有机 /无机纳米复合材料）及聚合物空心球或微球制备等方面的研究进展。     

亚微米氧化铝粉体在建筑陶瓷板材中的应用研究

采用建筑陶瓷板的制备工艺,将亚微米氧化铝粉体加入到陶瓷板材坯料中,研究了其对陶瓷板材外观、烧结性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在常规的生产条件下,亚微米氧化铝粉体主要以α-Al₂O₃颗粒的形式均匀分布在坯体中,具有较强的增白效果。当氧化铝粉体加入量在15%(质量分数)以内时,陶瓷板材样品的吸水率低于0.1%,烧结致密化程度较高,抗弯强度随加入量增加而提高。当加入量继续增加,吸水率增大,抗弯强度下降。氧化铝粉体加入量为15%(质量分数)时,样品的抗弯强度达到最高值96 MPa,比未外加氧化铝的样品提高了30%。在白度较低的低品质原料中,通过加入亚微米氧化铝粉体可大幅度提高产品的白度和强度,既可减少优质资源的消耗,又能较好地满足陶瓷板材对装饰效果和力学性能的要求。     

天然物质絮凝剂絮凝除藻研究进展

传统的除藻化学药剂,往往会造成二次污染。天然物质絮凝剂优势独特,来源天然,安全无毒,此外原料丰富,价格也较低廉,是目前研究的热点。如粘土、壳聚糖、淀粉等通过改性后不仅提高了除藻效率,而且降低了投加量。但是天然物质絮凝除藻的机理还要在实践中继续完善。     

Carbonaceous microsphere-based superabsorbent polymer as filler for coating of NPK fertilizer: Fabrication,properties, swelling,and nitrogen release characteristics

Recently, the use of controlled release fertilizers in agriculture has resulted in huge benefits in plant growth and cultivation. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-coated fertilizers have the added advantage in retaining water in soil after irrigation and also reduce the nutrient release rate from soil in a controlled manner. This study aimed to produce a nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer coated with superabsorbent carbonaceous microspheres polymer (SPC) by inverse suspension polymerization method with water-retention and controlled release properties. Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) three different weight percentages and (2) different materials. NPK coated with SPC showed increasing water-retention ability with respect to carbon microsphere percentages and retains >80% water at the 30th day of experiment compared with pure NPK and NPK coated with SAP. The slow release behavior of all samples was investigated by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry spectrometry and results showed that NPK coated with SAP and SPC has a low release rate with <50% nutrient release compared with uncoated NPK at the 30th day. The release mechanism kinetics of NPK coated with SAP and SPC were studied based on the Kosmeyer–Peppas model. The mechanisms approached Fickian diffusion-controlled release as the n value for both samples was less than 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48396.     

PRB修复受硝酸盐污染地下水的碳源材料研究进展

可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术是一种可靠、高效、低成本地修复受硝酸盐污染地下水的手段。文中介绍了PRB技术采用的各类碳源材料,分析对比了各类碳源材料的优缺点。液相碳源材料中,乙醇是最为理想的碳源材料,水解发酵污泥处理后获得的挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)是未来的研究方向。固相碳源材料中,改性天然材料具有成本低廉、反硝化效果优异、释碳稳定的优点,以纤维素为碳源,可生物降解塑料为骨架的新型缓释碳源材料是未来应用的热点。     

Frontal polymerization of superabsorbent polymers based on vermiculite with slow release of urea

Poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/vermiculite (VMT) superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared by frontal polymerization (FP), a kind of polymerization model characterized by short reaction times and low‐energy consumption. The effects of VMT content and monomer ratios on frontal parameters and water absorbency were investigated. Due to the good heat insulation property of VMT, the propagating front still sustained at high VMT concentrations (over 30%). The preparation of SAPs with high VMT‐loading via FP has advantages of low energy consumption and low materials prices, decreasing the cost of SAPs effectively. SAPs with slow‐release fertilizer (SSRF) were obtained by embedding urea into their networks during the FP process. The addition of urea not only endows SAPs with slow release function of urea (more than 30 days in soil), but also increases their water absorbency (by 17.4%). The effects of obtained SSRF on tall fescue seeds germination and growth were studied. Compared with the control group, the germination rate and vigor index of tall fescue seeds applied SSRF with 10% urea increased by 17.5 and 80.2%, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:69–77, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

SAP内养护对碱激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

碱激发矿渣(AAS)胶凝材料存在早期收缩大、开裂风险高的问题,限制了其工程应用。本文采用TAM、TGA、MIP等方法研究了高吸水性树脂(SAP)内养护对AAS胶凝材料水化热、水化产物及孔结构的影响,同时研究了SAP对AAS胶凝材料抗压强度及自收缩的影响规律。结果表明,SAP的加入会增加基体的孔隙率,降低AAS浆体的抗压强度,但是随着水化时间的延长,SAP的内养护作用可以促进矿渣水化,抗压强度的降低幅度逐渐减小。SAP的加入对AAS胶凝材料的水化放热过程有一定的延迟作用,表现为诱导期延长,第二放热峰滞后。SAP的加入使AAS胶凝材料水化产物总量增加,增加程度随着模数的增加而提高。此外,SAP抑制AAS浆体自收缩效果明显,添加SAP之后自收缩降低率最高可达81%。     

Removal of heavy metals and cyanide from gold mine wastewater

This paper reviews the technology and biotechnology to remove heavy metals (such as copper, arsenic, lead and zinc) and cyanide from contaminated wastewater. The paper places special emphasis on gold mine wastewater and the use of low cost materials as sorbent. Various biological as well as physicochemical treatment processes are discussed and compared on the basis of costs, energy requirement, removal efficiency, limitations and advantages. Sorption using natural plant materials, industrial and agricultural waste has been demonstrated to have the potential to replace conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals because of its cost effectiveness, efficiency and the local availability of these materials as biosorbent. The parameters affecting sorption, such as initial ion concentration, pH, sorbent dosage, particle size and temperature, are discussed. The overall treatment cost of metal and cyanide contaminated wastewater depends on the process employed and the local conditions. In general, technical applicability, cost‐effectiveness and plant simplicity are the key factors in selecting the most suitable treatment method. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ni(OH)2与不同碳质材料复合制备超级电容器电极材料研究进展

超级电容器具有功率密度大、寿命长、生产成本低等优点,被认为是最有发展前途的储能系统之一。然而,超级电容器的低能量密度阻碍了其实际应用。由于存储的能量与CV2成正比,可以通过增加材料的电容"C"或操作电压窗口"V"或两者同时增加来提高超级电容器的能量密度。然而具有宽电位窗口的有机电解质离子往往电导率差,成本高,容易引起环境问题。因此为改善能量密度,应采用高比电容的电极材料,故而设计出具有高比电容的适合电极材料就成为研究热点。Ni(OH)2作为超级电容器电极材料,具有理论容量大、成本低、天然丰富、易于合成等优点,近年来备受关注。但由于Ni(OH)2导电率低、比表面积小,其容量劣化严重。碳质材料作为双电层超级电容器的电极材料,其能量存储机制取决于电极表面的电解质离子吸附和解离,具有导电率好、原料丰富、成本较低、电化学稳定性高等优点而应用广泛。因此,有必要将高导电碳质材料引入Ni(OH)2组成复合材料以提高电容性能。笔者综述了Ni(OH)2基材料的合成方法,特别是与碳质材料复合来提高Ni(OH)2基材料的循环稳定性和倍率性能方面的研究新进展。     

Relation between the molecular structure and the efficiency of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) as concrete admixture to mitigate autogenous shrinkage

Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were studied as admixtures for mitigating the autogenous shrinkage of a high-strength concrete. The presence of Ca²⁺ ions in the alkaline solution modified the kinetics of the liquid uptake and release when compared to that in other saline solutions and distilled water. SAP with high density of anionic functional groups took up the cement pore solution quickly, but greatly released it subsequently. The cross-linking density had no pronounced influence on the behaviour of such SAP. SAP with lower density of anionic groups did not release the liquid over the time of experiment. All SAP counteracted autogenous shrinkage during the acceleration period of cement hydration. For the materials which released the absorbed pore solution no effect on autogenous shrinkage was found beyond the initial period. SAP materials which did not release the absorbed solution in the experiments with liquids continued the mitigation of autogenous shrinkage during the deceleration period. The internal curing had no negative effect on the compressive strength of the mortar.     

可生物降解超强吸水剂及其制备技术进展

从高聚物化学结构角度出发，论述了可生物降解超强吸水剂的结构设计思路，并对当前文献报道的天然多糖类聚合物改性法、氨基酸法、蛋白质改性法、天然聚合物与丙烯酸接枝共混法等可生物降解超强吸水剂的制备技术及其优缺点进行了系统归纳和评述，在此基础上指出了今后这一领域的研究和发展方向。