碱性水泥系统的长期碱集料反应研究

通过测定砂浆经不同养护阶段的碱集料反应膨胀率变化,探讨了碱性水泥系统碱集料反应 长期膨胀潜力。结果表明,碱矿渣水泥砂浆的碱集料反应膨胀主要发生在湿养过程的早期,在随后的压蒸养护过程中,其膨胀潜力很小;以水玻璃为碱组分的碱－熟料－矿渣水泥减涛浆的碱集料反应膨胀变化趋势与碱矿渣水泥砂浆的相似;以碳酸钠为碱组分的碱－熟料－矿渣水泥砂浆后期碱集料反应膨胀应力较大。     

碱矿渣混凝土的碱—集料反应研究

通过砂浆膨胀试验，研究了碱组分的种类和数量，活性集料的含量和粒径对碱矿渣水泥砂浆硅－碱反应膨胀率的影响；分析了以硅酸钠为碱组分的ＪＫ砂浆碱－硅反应出现宏观收缩的原因。     

少(无)熟料钢渣水泥的研究

从碱－－矿渣水泥原理出发,在钢渣,矿渣水泥中引入碱性激发剂,降低水泥熟料用量,改善物理性能。提出４２５少（无）熟料钢渣矿渣水泥合理的配料方案,并对钢渣水泥混凝土碱集料反应进行了初步探讨。     

固态碱组分碱矿渣水泥的碱—集料反应研究

本研究运用“压蒸快速鉴定法”研究了固态碱组分碱矿渣水泥的碱－集料反应。研究表明，固态碱组分碱矿渣水泥不会发生碱集料反应的破坏。     

除冰盐对碱骨料反应的影响研究

探讨除冰盐及磨细矿渣对含活性骨料砂浆碱骨料反应的影响 ,并对除冰盐的氯离子渗透状况进行了分析。试验结果表明 ,从外部渗透的氯化钠水溶液加速碱骨料反应引起的砂浆膨胀 ,氯化钠水溶液浓度越高 ,膨胀率越大。掺入磨细矿渣能够抑制因除冰盐引起的碱骨料反应的发生     

碱矿渣再生骨料混凝土碱骨料反应研究

选用不同类型的骨料配制原生混凝土,自行加工破碎成再生骨料,采用快速砂浆棒法研究了不同类型再生骨料的碱活性,并试验研究了再生骨料来源、碱浓度以及水玻璃模数对碱矿渣再生骨料砂浆碱骨料反应膨胀率的影响。结果表明,以火山凝灰岩、火山角砾岩为骨料配制的原生混凝土加工而成的再生骨料可能存在潜在碱骨料反应危害。提高水玻璃模数以及碱浓度会导致碱矿渣再生骨料砂浆碱骨料反应膨胀率的增大。     

碱集料反应及不同形式碱对碱集料反应的影响

介绍了碱集料反应的种类、机理以及预防碱集料反应的六条措施，同时分析了水泥中的碱、混合材中的碱以及拌合水和外加剂中碱的存在形式，指出降低水泥中的可溶碱、增加固溶熟料中的碱是抑制碱集料反应的有效途径。     

板岩集料混凝土碱骨料反应抑制试验研究

针对碱集料反应的特点,提出板岩（粉砂质绢云母板岩或绢云母粉砂质板岩）作为骨料制成混凝土的碱骨料反应抑制措施,并通过改变粉煤灰和石粉掺量确定其抑制效果,试验结果表明,粉煤灰掺量30％、石粉含量10％条件下砂浆棒膨胀率最小。多种抑制技术优化后的混凝土早期砂浆棒膨胀率降低95％以上。     

硅灰及锂盐对碱集料反应抑制效果的研究

利用砂浆棒快速法考察掺入外加剂对砂浆棒膨胀率的影响.研究了向水泥砂浆中添加硅灰和锂盐对碱集料反应(AAR)的抑制效果.结果表明,适量掺入硅灰和锂盐可以较好地抑制由碱集料反应所造成的试样膨胀.     

硅灰对碱集料反应抑制效果的研究

利用砂浆棒快速法考察掺入混合材对砂浆棒的膨胀率的影响，研究了向水泥砂浆中添加混合材料（硅灰）对碱集料反应（AAR）的抑制效果。结果表明，适量掺入硅灰可以较好的抑制碱集料反应所造成的试样膨胀。     

运用模糊神经网络研究混凝土AAR问题

提出运用模糊神经网络混凝土AAR问题。利用基于试验运算得到的模糊神经网络得到整体（系统）意义上的模糊规则，再利用训练好的网络扩充分析所需的其它模糊规则。通过对所有规则全面、深入的分析，从整体上找出引起混凝土AAR膨胀诸因素中每个因素作用的大小及其内在规律。研究表明，混凝土总碱量的大小对AAR膨胀起主要作用，水泥碱比外加碱对AAR膨胀的贡献更大。利用训练好的模糊神经网络可以对多因素作用下的混凝土AAR膨胀进行较准确的预测。     

The effect of cement alkali content on ASR susceptibility of mortars incorporating admixtures

In this study, the effects of three types of plasticizing chemical admixtures (modified lignosulfonate, sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde and polycarboxylate based) on deleterious expansion due to alkali–silica reaction (ASR) have been investigated. Two different types of cements with low (0.53 Na₂O eq.) and high (0.98 Na₂O eq.) alkali contents, a non-reactive crushed limestone as fine aggregate and a reactive river sand were used within the scope of the experimental program. ASR tests were conducted according to accelerated mortar bar method (ASTM C 1260). Additionally the flow value, dry unit weight, capillary water absorption and compressive strength tests were performed. Test results indicated that mortars prepared with inert fine aggregate caused no significant expansion, regardless of cement type, admixture type and dosage. However, for mixes containing reactive sand, admixtures increased or decreased the expansion values (compared to plain mortars) depending on the alkali content of cement used. The magnitude of change of expansion also depended on the type and amount of admixture incorporation which have a dominant effect on stability and compactability of mortars. The high-alkali cement usually revealed the ASR expansion augmentation behaviour of admixtures. In contrast, low alkali cement decreased the expansion values compared to the control specimens.     

Alkali-aggregate reaction suppressed by chemical admixture at 80 °C

More detailed researches of chemical admixture in inhibiting Alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) at 80 °C curing condition were done in this paper. It seemed that AAR expansion could be long-term effectively inhibited by LiOH both at the alkali contents of 2.5% and 3.0%. In addition, there was some effect on AAR suppression of the alkali reactivity of the aggregate, the alkali content of the mortar and the added amount of the admixture. Firstly, the higher the alkali reactivity of the aggregate was, the better the inhibiting effect of LiOH showed. Secondly, to the mortars with the same aggregate, the inhibiting effect of LiOH with the same n(Li)/n(Na) molar ratio was improved with the augmentation of alkali content. Thirdly, when added to some extent, further augmentation of LiOH in mortar was not effective in increasing the AAR inhibition obviously. In the last, direct results of lithium compounds in suppressing AAR were found by SEM and EDS and the mechanism was discussed.     

Performance of limestone cement mortars in a high sulfates environment

With the aim of studying the influence of cement composition on resistance in high sulfates environment, standard mortars have been produced using ordinary Portland cement (CEM I – 32.5) and limestone cement with 35% limestone (CEM II/B-LL – 32.5). The pore size distribution of the cement pastes was measured. The mortars were immersed in a 5% Na₂SO₄ solution at 20 °C for 1.5 years and the caused deterioration was been visually observed at a regular basis. Furthermore, the mortars expansion was being estimated by measuring the change of length. At the end of the experiment the compressive strength of the mortars was measured. The deterioration products of the mortars have been identified by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The limestone cement based mortar presented cracking that started at the age of 6 months and continued throughout the experiment. It also displayed high expansion after 250 days of immersion in a 5% Na₂SO₄ caused, as proved using the analytical techniques, by the formation of gypsum and ettringite. Concluding, the cement with 35% limestone did not perform as well as ordinary Portland cement under the most aggressive laboratory conditions. Hence, it is obvious that the addition of limestone in the cement leads to a totally different behaviour than Portland cement with respect to the resistance in high sulfates environment.     

Basic properties of epoxy cement mortars without hardener after outdoor exposure

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the properties of epoxy cement mortars without a hardener after outdoor exposure for a year. The epoxy cement mortars with and without a hardener were prepared for various polymer cement ratios, and tested for their weight change, flexural and compressive strengths, water absorption, carbonation depth and pore size distribution. Especially, the basic properties of the epoxy cement mortars without a hardener were compared with those of epoxy cement mortars with a hardener and those of ordinary cement mortar. The test results showed the successful production of the epoxy cement mortars without any hardener, which gave better strength and durability than ones with a hardener. Polymer–cement ratios of 5–10% for strengths and less than 20% for durability are recommended for optimum mix proportions of epoxy cement mortars without a hardener.     

Use of diatomite as partial replacement for Portland cement in cement mortars

The aim of the present study is to investigate the use of diatomite as a partial replacement for cement in the production of cement mortar. Diatomite was used at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% replacement by weight for cement while sand and water quantities were kept constant. Compressive and flexural strength, freeze–thaw resistance, sulfate resistance, water absorption and dry unit weight of the mortars were determined. The compressive and flexural strength decreased with increasing diatomite content for all curing periods. However the compressive strength of the cement mortar which was produced with 5% diatomite content complied with the minimum specified value of given in the standards. Diatomite replacement generally increased the compressive strength of the cement mortar after 25 freezing and thawing cycles. Water absorption of the mortars decreased with the increase of diatomite content except the mortar containing of 15% diatomite. Dry unit weight of the cement mortar was lower than the control mortar because of high porosity of diatomite. The expansion of the cement mortar bars immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution decreased with increasing diatomite content and generally the sulfate resistance of the mortars was higher than that of the control mortar.     

Sulfate resistance of blended cements containing fly ash and rice husk ash

In this paper, the sulfate resistance of mortars made from ordinary Portland cement containing available pozzolans viz., fly ash and ground rice husk ash (RHA) was studied. Class F lignite fly ash and RHA were used at replacement dosages of 20 and 40% by weight of cement. Expansion of mortar prisms immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution and the change in the pH values of the solution were monitored. The incorporation of fly ash and RHA reduced the expansion of the mortar bars and the pH values of the solutions. RHA was found to be more effective than fly ash. Examination of the fractured surface of mortar prisms, after a period of immersion, by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that sulfate attack of blended cement mortars was restricted owing to the reductions in calcium hydroxide and C/S ratio of the C–S–H gel in the blended cement mortar. In comparison to Portland cement mortar, less calcium sulfate and much less ettringite formations were found in the mortars made from blended cement containing RHA. The amounts of calcium sulfate and ettringite found in the blended cement mortar containing fly ash were also small but were slightly more than those of RHA mortar. Up to 40% of Portland cement could be replaced with these pozzolans in making blended cement with good sulfate resistance.     

Microstructure changes in mortars attacked by sulphates at 5 °C

In this study mortars have been produced using ordinary Portland cement (CEM I – 32.5) and limestone cement with 15% limestone addition (CEM II/A-LL – 32.5). The mortars were immersed in a solution of 5% Na₂SO₄ at 5 °C for 6 months and the caused deterioration was observed visually at a regular basis. The deterioration product of the surface of both mortars has been identified as thaumasite by the means of XRD, FT-IR, DTA and SEM/EDAX analysis. The damage caused due to formation of thaumasite in both mortars was approximately the same and not influenced by the addition of limestone. Furthermore, expansion and compressive strength of the mortars were studied as a function of time and it was proved they were not influenced by thaumasite formation at the age of 6 months.     

掺高效减水剂水泥砂浆的早期开裂研究

采用多通道椭圆环收缩开裂试验、自由收缩试验和强度试验综合评价了萘系（UNF）、聚羧酸类（PC）高效减水剂对水泥砂浆体积稳定性及早期开裂的影响．结果表明,高效减水剂的掺入延长了水泥砂浆的初始开裂时间,从而降低了水泥砂浆的开裂敏感性．高效减水剂降低水泥砂浆开裂敏感性的效果为：聚羧酸类〉高浓型萘系〉普通型萘系．掺高效减水弃1均增大了水泥砂浆的自由收缩值,且水泥砂浆自由收缩值随着高效减水剂掺量的增加而增大．高效减水剂控制水泥砂浆体积稳定性的效果为：聚羧酸类〉普通型萘系〉高浓型萘系．聚羧酸类高效减水剂的掺入减小了水泥砂浆的最大裂纹宽度,而萘系高效减水剂的掺入则加快了水泥砂浆最大裂纹宽度的发展速度．在干燥养护条件下,掺聚羧酸类高效减水剂比掺萘系高效减水剂更能有效地提高水泥砂浆28d的强度．