X80管线钢在西南地区土壤中的腐蚀电化学特征

采用电化学测试、SEM及EDS微观分析等方法,对X80管线钢在西南地区水饱和土壤中的腐蚀电化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,在水饱和西南土壤中,随腐蚀时间延长,X80钢腐蚀速率缓慢增大,腐蚀速度主要受氧扩散过程控制;EIS图谱具有双容抗弧与Warburg阻抗特征,电荷传递电阻和结合层电阻随时间而减小,腐蚀产物主要为铁的氧化...     

X80管线钢在海滨盐碱土壤模拟溶液中的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用失重法、电化学测试、SEM及XRD微观分析等方法,研究了X80管线钢在海滨盐碱土壤模拟溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,在海滨盐碱土壤模拟溶液中,随着浸泡时间的增加,X80钢平均腐蚀速率明显下降,但总的腐蚀程度增加,钢基体表面由以全面腐蚀为主转为以点蚀为主;X80钢的阴极过程为氧的活化控制;腐蚀产物主要由FeOOH(表层)和Fe3O4(内层)组成;X80钢的耐蚀性及腐蚀形态与各试样表面生成的腐蚀产物膜的完整性和致密性有关。研究还发现氯离子含量是影响腐蚀的主导因素。     

时效处理对超高强Cu-Ti合金腐蚀行为的影响

将固溶水淬处理后的Cu-2.7Ti-0.15Mg-0.1Ce-0.1Zr合金分别进行单级时效和组合时效处理,然后在30℃的3.5%NaCl溶液中进行腐蚀实验,利用透射电镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、腐蚀速率测试、极化曲线和交流阻抗谱的测试与分析,研究合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明:组合时效有利于提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。腐蚀3 d后,合金表面生成致密的腐蚀产物膜,对合金表面具有良好的保护作用。浸泡腐蚀30 d后,腐蚀程度加深,腐蚀产物增多,腐蚀产物主要为Cu_2O,CuO和Al_2O_3等组成的络合物,单级时效合金和组合时效合金的腐蚀深度分别为20和10μm,年平均腐蚀速率分别为0.076 9和0.062 3 mm/a。     

Improving Corrosion Resistance of Cf/Mg Composites using Rare Earth Conversion Coatings

The surface of carbon fiber reinforced Mg matrix (Cf/Mg) composites was modified by treatment of rare earth conversion coating, and nontoxic, non-pollution Ce conversion coatings were prepared. The effect of the coatings on corrosion behaviors of composites was investigated by electrochemical polarization technology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl solution. The higher Ecorr and lower icorr were obtained by Ce conversion coatings. EIS results showed that the higher values of R2 were obtained by treatment containing CeCl3, the high corrosion resistance occured in treatment containing CeCl3, the low corrosion resistance in uncoating sample, the coating of treatment containing Ce(NO3)3 was medium. The microstructure of Ce conversion coatings was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elements of corresponding for coatings was characterized by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The micro-cracks and Ce-riched spherical particles were characteristics of these coatings.     

Corrosion Products and Formation Mechanism During Initial Stage of Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel

The formation and development of corrosion products on carbon steel surface during the initial stage of atmospheric corrosion in a laboratory simulated environment have been studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that two different shapes of corrosion products, that is, ring and chain, were formed in the initial stage of corrosion. MnS clusters were found in the nuclei of corrosion products at the active local corrosion sites. The ring-shaped products were composed of lepidocrocite （γ-FeOOH） and maghemite （γ-Fe2O2 ） transformed from lepidocrocite. The chain-type products were goethite （α-FeOOH）. A formation mechanism of the corrosion products is proposed.     

Corrosion behavior of rare earth cerium based conversion coating on aluminum alloy

The present paper focused on the use of the salt of rare earth cerium as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum by using cathodic electrolytic passivation method.The corrosion resistance and the microphology of the cerium passivation film were studied by the methods of electrochemical method,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis.From the results,it was shown that good corrosion resistance of cerium-based passive coating was obtained when the compositions were as follows:CeCl3·7H2O,0.05 mol/L;H2O2,30 ml/L;current density,1.1 mA/cm2;temperature,40 oC;time,9 min.SEM and EDS revealed that the cerium conversion coatings formed on the surface of aluminum alloy were related to cerium hydroxide/hydrated oxide depositions.     

变形对亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢低温敏化的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)研究了不同形变量下的亚稳态不锈钢(AISI 304)经过低温敏化处理(380 ℃、240 h的真空热处理)后组织的变化。通过双循环电化学动电位活化技术(DL-EPR)对敏化态的试样进行敏化度(DOS)测试,并用电化学阻抗谱表征了不同试样的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着变形量的增加,低温敏化试样的敏化度递增,材料的耐腐蚀性能下降,当变形量达到40%时,敏化度达到71%。经过DL-EPR测试后,试样奥氏体晶粒和大部分晶界完好,马氏体区域是主要腐蚀区域,腐蚀模式为穿晶腐蚀。马氏体板条和基体中的滑移带是碳化物容易形核的位置。     

节镍型不锈钢点状腐蚀缺陷分析及改进

采用SEM、EDS及电化学测试系统等手段,对节镍型不锈钢板表面腐蚀缺陷可能涉及的因素进行分析排查,从而制定了一系列的改进措施。改进后能够有效地抑制腐蚀的发生,保证了产品的表面质量。     

温度对3Cr钢在CO2-O2环境中腐蚀的影响

摘要：为了研究注多元热流体吞吐热力采油过程中温度对油套管钢的影响，利用高温高压电化学釜模拟注多元热流体采油工况，分别在60、100和100～60℃循环的温度条件下，对3Cr钢进行失重腐蚀挂片试验和电化学腐蚀试验，利用高温高压电化学釜得到了3Cr钢在模拟工况下的腐蚀速率和极化曲线，并利用SEM、XRD、EDS分析了腐蚀产物膜形貌和成分。结果表明，温度由60升高至100℃时，腐蚀速率由0.552增长至1.920mm/a，在100-60℃高-低温循环时，腐蚀速率进一步升高至4.292mm/a；60和100℃时，腐蚀产物均为单层膜结构，且存在点蚀坑；在100-60℃高 低温循环时，腐蚀产物为双层膜结构，且存在直径约为4μm的腐蚀坑。温度主要影响3Cr钢腐蚀产物膜的结构和点蚀的形态，60和100℃时，点蚀坑内的聚集的Cl-离子使点蚀向纵深处发展，在100.60℃高 低温循环时，溶液中的O2促进了点蚀的横向发展，而腐蚀坑底部富集的Cr将阻碍点蚀的纵向发展。注多元热流体热力采油过程应充分考虑温度变化对3Cr钢腐蚀的影响，同时也要考虑温度变化引起3Cr钢点蚀的敏感性。     

Corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy after being modified by 1 wt.% rare earth element gadolinium

In order to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy, 1 wt.% Gd was used to modify the AM50 magnesium alloy. The microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), electrochemical and mechanical stretch methods. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased and Al2Gd3 and Al0.4GdMn1.6 phase existed after Gd addition. Because of the Gd addition, the grain of AM50 magnesium alloy was refined significantly, which improved the tensile strength of AM50 magnesium alloy. The decreasing of β phase improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. The fracture mechanism of the Gd modified AM50 magnesium alloy was quasi-cleavage fracture. The corrosion residual strength(CRS) of AM50 magnesium alloy was improved after 1 wt.% Gd addition.     

Effects of Cu on Corrosion Resistance of Low Alloyed Steels in Acid Chloride Media

The corrosion resistance of two kinds of low alloyed steels was studied according to the test procedures for qualification of corrosion resistant steel for cargo oil tanks issued by International Maritime Organization.The results indicated that the addition of Cu improved the corrosion resistance of the NS-D36 steel to more than three times that of the conventional D36 steel in the strong acid solution containing chloride(10% NaCl,pH=0.85).The anodic polarization behavior of the copper-bearing steel was studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and alloying element Cu showed beneficial effects including an active potential range,low current density and high transfer resistance of electric charge.The rust layer was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),and the results pointed out that the mechanism of copper′s beneficial effects was based on the suppression of anodic dissolution by metallic copper re-deposition on the steel surface immersed in the strong acid chloride media.     

热熔浸铝Q235钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为

以Q235钢材原件、热熔浸铝一次和两次的Q235钢为研究对象,通过模拟海水（质量分数为3.5% NaCl溶液）浸泡试验,对比研究了3种试样在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用扫描电镜观测了不同样品在腐蚀前后的表面形貌,利用失重法、交流阻抗等方法研究了热熔浸铝Q235钢的腐蚀速率。结果表明,在NaCl溶液中Q235原件腐蚀速率最快,腐蚀严重,年均腐蚀速率为0.11 mm/a;热熔浸铝一次和两次的Q235钢腐蚀速率相差不大,年均腐蚀速率分别为0.04和0.03 mm/a,热熔浸铝后Q235钢的耐腐蚀性能明显得到提高,说明热熔浸铝是一种有效提高Q235钢耐海水腐蚀性能的手段。     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

大气腐蚀下耐候钢的初期行为规律

 研究了耐候钢在40 ℃ 和100%RH高温高湿环境中初期大气腐蚀行为规律。结果表明,耐候钢初期大气腐蚀行为符合幂函数规律,随着Cu含量的增加,代表腐蚀发展趋势的n值减小,说明Cu有助于减缓耐候钢的腐蚀发展趋势。通过SEM扫描电镜和显微激光拉曼光谱分析模拟大气腐蚀初期腐蚀产物的形成和发展得知,在大气腐蚀初期,腐蚀产物形貌为团状和链状,团状腐蚀产物主要由γ Fe2O3和γ FeOOH构成,而链状腐蚀产物为α FeOOH。     

Investigation of rare earth sealing of porous micro-arc oxidation coating formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Magnesium and its alloys have been used in many industries, but they are reactive and require protection against aggressive envi-ronments. In this study, oxide coatings were applied on AZ91D magnesium alloy using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. Then, in order to seal the pores of the MAO coatings, the samples were immersed in cerium bath for different times. The surface morphologies and composi-tions of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polariza-tion tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The amount of the porosity of the coating was measured by electrochemical method. It was found that the sealing treatments by immersion in cerium bath successfully sealed the pores of the MAO coatings. The results of the corrosion tests showed that the MAO coating which was sealed in Ce bath for 10 min enhanced the corrosion resistance of the substrate significantly. Fur-thermore, this coating had the lowest amount of the porosity among the coatings.)     

低铬抗硫套管的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀行为研究

通过高温高压及H2S应力腐蚀开裂(SSC)实验,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和TEM技术,研究3Cr110S在模拟环境中的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟H2S/CO2高温高压腐蚀环境中,H2S腐蚀占主导作用,3Cr110S的均匀腐蚀速率为0.1272 mm/a,局部腐蚀轻微,试样表面腐蚀产物为FeS;在施加应力为72%、80%的最低屈服强度时,3Cr110S试样均未发生应力腐蚀开裂,具有良好的抗SSC性能;3Cr110S回火索氏体组织的条束之间位相差大,铬元素在晶界及晶内以粒状碳化物析出、位错纠结、弥散分布碳化物的位错定扎对SSC裂纹扩展起着良好的阻碍作用。     

NaCl+HCl溶液中Ce对双相不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了研究酸性NaCl溶液中双相不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,以含微量稀土Ce的UNS S31803双相不锈钢为研究对象,采用电化学阳极极化和交流阻抗相结合的方法测试其在NaCl + HCl混合溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测腐蚀后的形貌特征,采用电子探针(EPMA)检测合金元素与杂质元素的分布特征,分析Ce元素的加入对双相不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响机制。结果表明,钢中存在两相的选择性腐蚀并伴有局部点蚀,其中铁素体相是腐蚀较严重的相;阳极极化测试与交流阻抗测试结果相吻合,Ce拓宽了试验钢的钝化区间;Ce通过净化钢液、降低S和P元素在相界的偏聚及使Cr、Ni和Mo等合金元素在两相中的分布更均匀等作用,提高了钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion Resistance of High Performance Weathering Steel for Bridge Building Applications

 The mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructures of high performance steel (HPS) was investigated by tensile testing machine, Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing machine, cyclic immersion corrosion tester, XRD, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that significant differences existed in the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness between HPS and PCS. After 72 h cyclic immersion accelerated corrosion test, the inner rust layer on HPS was composed of α-FeOOH phase and denser than that on PCS that was a mixture of α-FeOOH and Fe3O4. The rust formed on HPS provides better protection and HPS has lower corrosion rates than PCS. Copper and chromium in HPS enrich in the rust layer and enhance the compactness of the rust layer. Based on the results of the accelerated corrosion tests and rust layer analysis, the roles of Cu and Cr against corrosion are discussed, providing HPS with chemical specification which has been industrially successful to produce weathering steel for bridge structure.     

Effect of Sulfate Reduced Bacterium on Corrosion Behavior of 10CrMoAl Steel

 The effects of sulfate reduced bacterium (SRB) on the corrosion behavior of 10CrMoAl steel in seawater were studied by chemical immersion, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The results show that the content of element sulfur in the corrosion product of 10CrMoAl steel in seawater with SRB is up to 923%, which is higher than that of the same in sterile seawater. X ray diffraction demonstrates that the main corrosion product is FeS. SRB increases the corrosion rate by anodic depolarization of the metabolized sulfide product. SEM observation indicates that the corrosion product is not distributed continuously; in addition, bacilliform sulfate reduced bacterium accumulates on the local surface of 10CrMoAl steel. Hence, SRB enhances sensitivity to the localized corrosion of 10CrMoAl steel in seawater.     

Effect of nano-TiC dopant size on magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of hot-deformed NdFeB

Effects of dopant size on the magnetic properties and corrosion behavior of hot-deformed NdFeB with the intergranular additions of nano-TiC were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical and magnetic measurement technologies. Additions of 50 nm-TiC, unlike 30 nm- and 40 nm-TiC, are found to increase the magnetic energy product and comprehensive magnetic properties, due in main to the improvement of magnet orientation by more strip-shaped Nd-rich phases. Nano-TiC dopants especially with a size of 40 nm can increase the electrochemical corrosion resistance of magnets. It is attributed to the hindrance of additives on the reaction channel formation and their barrier effect on the oxidations of Nd and Fe. For 40 nm-TiC doped magnet, the charge transfer resistance in electric double layer structure reaches 15000 Ω?cm² that is one order of magnitude higher than other cases, which is responsible for the lowest corrosion current density and accordingly the best anti-corrosion properties.