牛磺酸对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响

以鹌鹑为研究对象,于日粮中添加不同剂量(0,100,500 mg/kg)的牛磺酸(Tau),考察Tau对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响.将300只1日龄鹌鹑分为3个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复25只,试验6周.结果表明,添加500 mg/kgTau可显著增加鹌鹑0～3 w体增重和3周龄体重,显著降低0～3、3～6、0～6 w的料重比(P＜0.05).Tau可显著增加鹌鹑外周血B淋巴细胞增殖能力,500 mg/kgTau可显著增加T淋巴细胞增殖能力(P＜0.05).Tau 可显著提高血清免疫球蛋白IgG质量浓度(P＜0.05).添加100 mg/kg Tau可显著提高鹌鹑血清总抗氧化能力,减少血清丙二醛的产生(P＜0.05).结果显示,日粮中添加牛磺酸可提高鹌鹑的生产性能,通过提高机体的淋巴细胞增殖能力和血清IgG含量增强鹌鹑的免疫功能,牛磺酸可提高鹌鹑的抗氧化能力.     

硫辛酸对高脂日粮大鼠脂类代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

实验研究了硫辛酸(LipoicAcid,LA)对饲喂高脂日粮大鼠脂肪代谢及其抗氧化能力的影响。24只SD大鼠分成3组,分别是常规日粮对照组,高脂日粮组和高脂日粮+LA(0.1%)组。结果表明饲喂高脂日粮可导致大鼠实验性高脂血症,与高脂模型组相比,日粮中添加LA可显著降低大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C的含量,使动脉粥样硬化指数降低(p<0.05),显著增加血清HDL-C的含量(p<0.05),显著提高血清LPL和HL的活性;使血清和组织T-AOC、SOD活性、GSH含量显著上升(p<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(p<0.05)。说明添加LA对饲喂高脂日粮大鼠的血脂水平有明显的调节作用,可有效抑制脂质过氧化,预防动脉粥样硬化的发生。     

添加不同水平的蛋氨酸对蛋鹌鹑生产性能的影响

在14周龄北京蛋鹌鹑日粮中分别按0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%四个水平添加蛋氨酸。结果表明:在40d的试验期内,试验组比对照组料蛋比、产蛋总重、产蛋率、死淘率、经济效益差异显著(P<0.05),平均蛋重、蛋的破损率、畸形蛋、耗料差异不显著(P>0.05)。从经济效益看,以0.10%组最好,0.15%组次之,0.20%组最差,这说明经济效益不随添加量的增加而不断提高,达到一定量时,反而会下降。建议在蛋鹌鹑的日粮中添加0.10%~0.15%的蛋氨酸较合适。     

苹果提取物对小鼠脂肪代谢的影响

目的:研究苹果提取物对小鼠脂肪代谢的调节作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为5组,除基础对照组外,其他4组给予高脂饲料,每周称体质量1次,建立高脂模型。基础对照组和模型对照组分别灌胃生理盐水(38mg/kg·bw),3个剂量组分别灌胃苹果提取物38、76、114mg/kg·bw。连续4周后,分别测定小鼠体质量、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、肝脂酶(HL)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性。结果:苹果提取物能明显降低小鼠体质量、TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和MDA含量以及动脉粥样硬化指数(AI),对高脂小鼠血清中HDL-C有明显的升高作用,能有效提高小鼠体内SOD、GSH-PX、HL和LPL的活性。结论:苹果提取物可以通过调节脂肪代谢来降低血脂。     

黄芪多糖对蛋鸡生产性能、生殖激素及 血液生理生化指标的影响

旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平黄芪多糖(APS)对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、生殖激素和血液生理生化指标的影响。随机选取27周龄健康、体质量相近、产蛋率相近的产蛋后期海兰褐壳蛋鸡360只,随机分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复20只。处理Ⅲ组为对照组,饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础饲粮,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加200和100 mg/kg黄芪多糖的试验饲粮,预试期1周,试验期49 d。添加黄芪多糖可显著提高产蛋率,降低料重比,提高生产性能。黄芪多糖组显著或极显著地(P0.05或P0.01)提高了FSH、LH、E_2、IGF-Ⅰ、T_4、Pt含量;多糖高剂量组血清TG、AST、ALT显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);GLU、HDL、ALP、Ca~(2+)和P含量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。试验结果表明,黄芪多糖可提高产蛋后期母鸡的生殖激素水平,有利于改善产蛋后期母鸡的卵巢功能,促进卵泡发育与排卵,提高其产蛋性能;并具有一定的降血脂的作用。     

酵母培养物对蛋鹌鹑产蛋性能及产蛋品质的影响

研究酵母培养物对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能及产蛋品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低、中和高水平酵母培养物组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0．1％、0．3％和0．5％酵母培养物。结果表明：中、高水平酵母培养物组能显著提高蛋鹌鹑的产蛋率、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位,显著降低蛋鹌鹑的料蛋比、次品蛋率和死淘率。说明酵母培养物能提高产蛋性能和一定程度的提高产蛋品质,酵母培养物的适宜添加水平为0．3％     

苹果多酚对小鼠脂肪代谢的影响

目的：研究苹果多酚对小鼠脂肪代谢的调节作用。方法：将小鼠随机分为5 组,除基础对照组外,其他4 组给予高脂饲料,每周称1 次体质量,建立肥胖模型。基础对照组和肥胖模型组分别灌胃生理盐水(3.8mg/(kg bw·d),3 个剂量组分别灌胃苹果多酚3.8、7.6、11.4mg/(kg bw·d)。连续4 周后,分别测定小鼠体质量、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、肝脂酶(HL)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性。结果：苹果多酚能明显降低肥胖小鼠体质量、TG、LDL-C、TC 和MDA 含量以及动脉粥样硬化指数(AI),对肥胖小鼠血清中HDL-C 有明显的升高作用,能有效提高小鼠体内SOD、GSH-PX、HL 和LPL 的活性。结论：苹果多酚可以通过调节小鼠脂肪代谢来降血脂预防动脉粥样硬化。     

黄腐酸对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

将2 000只400日龄健康海塞克斯蛋鸡随机分成2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮.试验组在基础日粮中添加0.5 g/d黄腐酸产品,研究其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组平均蛋重极显著提高7.40%、平均产蛋率极显著提高5.20%、料蛋比极显著降低15.07%、死亡率降低90%、破蛋率降低42.5%、平均耗料量降低4.04%.     

何首乌多糖降血脂作用的研究

采用水提何首乌多糖和碱提何首乌多糖对高脂模型小鼠进行试验,研究何首乌多糖对高脂模型小鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)以及总脂酶(LA)的影响.结果表明,何首乌多糖剂量组小鼠的TC、TG和AI均不同程度低于高脂模型组(P＜0.05),而HDL-C、 LPL、HL和LA显著高于高脂模型组(P＜0.05),表明何首乌多糖确具有显著的降血脂作用.     

笃斯越桔花色苷对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的:观察笃斯越桔花色苷对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠分别以基础饲料(基础组)和高脂饲料饲喂3周后,高脂饲料组大鼠按血清总胆固醇随机分为4组,高脂组继续喂高脂饲料,笃斯越桔花色苷高剂量组、笃斯越桔花色苷中剂量组、笃斯越桔花色苷低剂量组每天以大鼠体重的16.7、8.35、1.67mg/kg的花色苷量加入高脂饲料喂养。喂饲10周后,试剂盒法测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)及肝脂酶(HL)的活性;大鼠肾周和睾周脂肪称重,记录。结果:笃斯越桔花色苷高、中、低剂量均能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清TC、TG和LDL-C含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)及LDL-C/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、AI值(P<0.05,P<0.01),明显增强LPL和HL的活性(P<0.05),显著降低大鼠体脂含量(P<0.05)。结论:笃斯越桔花色苷能显著调节高脂血症大鼠的血脂水平。     

不同类型植物甾醇对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响

旨在研究不同类型植物甾醇对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响。选用72只30周龄伊莎褐蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每重复3只。试验分组如下:(1)对照组,饲喂基础日粮;(2)天然植物甾醇组(NP),饲喂基础日粮+22.2 mg/kg天然植物甾醇(纯度为90%,植物甾醇净含量为20 mg/kg);(3)水溶性植物甾醇组(WP),饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg水溶性植物甾醇(纯度为40%,植物甾醇净含量为20 mg/kg)。试验为期8周。结果表明,添加2种植物甾醇使第4周血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量较对照组均有降低的趋势(P<0.1);WP组第4周脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性较对照组有提高趋势,NP组血清HL活性也有提高的趋势(P<0.1),但在第8周各组均无显著差异;WP组第8周的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于NP组(P<0.05),而NP组与对照组差异不显著。本试验结果提示2种植物甾醇均有降低血脂和提高脂蛋白代谢酶活性的趋势,且此趋势随着时间的延长而逐渐消失,但对蛋黄胆固醇沉积无显著影响,只有WP在饲喂一段时间后有一定降低作用。     

青刺果油对大鼠脂代谢的药理研究

在高脂造模中系统地研究了青刺果油（Prinsepia utilis Royle Oil）对wistar高血脂大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清总甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、肝脂酶（HL）活性、脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）活性以及肝脏中脂肪含量、粪便中脂质含量、肝质量／体质量比值的影响。与模型组相比，青刺果油能显著降低大鼠TC（P〈0．01）、TG（P〈0．05）、肝脏脂肪含量、粪便中脂质含量，同时显著升高HDL-C（P〈0．01）、HL酶活性（P〈0．05）。青刺果油具有调节血脂作用，是一种较为理想的功能性保健食用油。     

Effect of Polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula on Blood Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity of ICR Mice Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

ABSTRACT:  Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (AAP) extracted in hot water and precipitated by ethanol were chemically well defined, including 42.5% total carbohydrate, 19.6% uronic acids, 15.8% sulfate groups, 1.7% N, and 20.3% ash. Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the neutral sugars were mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose, and glucose and smaller amounts of mannose, galactose, and arabinose. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant capacity of AAP on blood lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in ICR mice fed cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) for the 1st time. Furthermore, the relationship between the atherosclerotic index (AI) and LPL activity to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was studied. Thirty-six ICR mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups ( n = 12). The mice in control group (NG) received regular diet and the mice in model group (MG) received CED; these 2 groups were provided with distilled water by oral gavage. The experimental group (EG) was fed CED with oral gavage of AAP (120 mg/kg/d body weight) for an 8-wk period. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels of the serum were determined by enzymatic methods. The results indicated that the polysaccharides significantly lowered the concentrations of serum TC and LDL-C compared with the CED control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, oral administration of polysaccharides significantly improved TAC, LPL activity, and decreased MDA level, as well as AI. These conclusions revealed the beneficial effects of AAP on the preventive actions against hypercholesterolemia.     

碱提醇沉黑木耳多糖体外和体内降血脂功能

目的:探讨黑木耳多糖体内和体外降血脂功能。方法:采用离体实验模拟人体胃和肠道的p H值环境,探讨不同溶剂提取黑木耳多糖及其不同醇沉片段对胆酸盐的结合能力,评价其体外降血脂功能。以高脂饲料喂养小鼠建立高血脂模型,通过黑木耳多糖的治疗,比较治疗前后小鼠体质量、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、总甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度总胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度总胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量及其关键酶卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)、肝脂酶(liver lipase,HL)和脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)的活性,研究碱提黑木耳多糖对高血脂模型小鼠的降血脂作用。结果:体外降血脂实验结果表明:3种不同的黑木耳多糖样品中,碱提黑木耳多糖的结合效果最好;不同体积分数乙醇醇沉黑木耳多糖片段的结合效果比较显示,70%醇沉片段结合胆酸盐效果最好。体内降血脂实验结果发现,碱提+70%醇沉黑木耳多糖能够缓解小鼠体质量的增长,显著缓解TC、TG和LDL-C含量的下降,显著提升HDL-C水平,控制LCAT含量、HL和LPL活性的降低。结论:碱提+70%醇沉黑木耳多糖具有降血脂功能。     

日粮氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、血脂和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

目的：研究日粮氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖（oxidized konjac glucomannan,OKGM）对齐口裂腹鱼生长、血脂以及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。方法：选用初始体质量为（79.54±8.12）g的齐口裂腹鱼300 尾,随机分成5 组,每组3 个重复,每重复20 尾鱼,分别饲喂OKGM添加量为0（对照组D1）、4、8、16、32 g/kg,养殖60 d后,考察OKGM对齐口裂腹鱼生长性能、血脂水平及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果：与对照组D1相比,日粮添加8～16 g/kgOKGM可显著提高鱼体增重率（P＜0.05）、特定生长率（P＜0.05）,添加16 g/kg OKGM能够显著提高蛋白质效率（P＜0.05）,降低饵料系数（P＜0.05）,会显著降低肌肉水分含量（P＜0.05）,添加8 g/kg OKGM可显著降低肌肉和肝胰脏脂肪含量（P＜0.05）,添加4～16 g/kg OKGM能够显著提高鱼体肠脂比（P＜0.05）;在血脂方面,日粮中OKGM添加量对齐口裂腹鱼总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白没有明显的剂量效应,添加4～8 g/kg OKGM能够显著降低血清中游离脂肪酸含量（P＜0.05）;在脂肪代谢酶方面,添加16 g/kg OKGM显著提高脂蛋白酯酶、肝脂酶和总脂酶活性（P＜0.05）,在肠道消化酶方面,添加8～32 g/kg OKGM能显著提高齐口裂腹鱼肠道脂肪酶活性（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮中添加适量OKGM能改善齐口裂腹鱼生长性能,提高饲料利用率,降低肌肉脂肪含量,提高脂肪代谢酶和脂肪酶活性。建议齐口裂腹鱼饲料中OKGM添加量为4～16 g/kg。     

柿果多酚对高脂血症小鼠脂代谢的影响

目的：研究柿果多酚调节高脂血症小鼠脂代谢的作用。方法：高脂血症模型建立成功后,选取雌性昆明小鼠80只进行实验分组,以正常小鼠为对照A组和B组各10只,对高脂对照组、柿果多酚高、中、低剂量组和辛伐他汀阳性药物对照组各12只,实施各口只不同灌胃处理。测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、肝组织游离脂肪酸(FFA),以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝酯酶活性(HL)。结果：柿果多酚能显著降低高脂血症小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C、LPO、肝组织FFA(P＜0.01),对HDL-C提高不显著,能显著提高血清SOD及肝组织LPL、HL活性(P＜0.01)。结论：柿果多酚可通过调节机体脂代谢减轻高脂血症,预防动脉硬化(AS)。     

Use of compartmental analysis to describe effects of dietary fat saturation and load on plasma triglyceride dynamics in the rat

Model-based compartmental analysis was used to interpret data on temporal changes in plasma triglyceride (TG) response to a chronic infusion of chylomicrons (CM) in the rat. Male rats were fed purified diets which varied in fat load [L = 10% (w/w), H = 30%] and P/S ratio (P = 4.6, S = 0.2). Lymph CM isolated from donor rats which were absorbing the P or S fat were infused into recipients for 8 h on 3 consecutive days: on d 1 and 3, CM infusion rate reflected the fat content of the previous diet and on d 2, the other load; the infusion replaced dietary fat. Serial plasma samples from each period were analyzed for TG concentration; TG distribution in plasma lipoproteins and liver lipids was measured after d 3. To describe observed group average data, a compartmental model was developed using the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling computer program. Two compartments were needed in plasma (CM vs nonCM TG); each had 2 outputs: removal of TG-fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and uptake of remnant lipoproteins by the liver. After a delay in the liver, there were 3 fates for TG-derived fatty acids: oxidation, retention, or secretion in very low density lipoproteins. Simulation of changes in the rate constant for total CM TG turnover indicated that the basal level of LPL rose rapidly and dramatically in response to TG infusion; the rise was higher for H vs L. After 3-5 h, apparent LPL activity decreased. Simulation of the rate of CM TG turnover indicated that the turnover rate rose immediately after infusion began to levels higher than the infusion rate, and then came into a slight negative balance. Although the observed data could be qualitatively described based on current understanding of TG metabolism, application of model-based compartmental analysis generated testable hypotheses about quantitative aspects of the system dynamics.     

蚕蛹油α-亚麻酸对实验性高血脂大鼠的降脂作用

目的：研究蚕蛹油(silkworm pupa oil,SPO)α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid)对实验性高血脂大鼠的预防和治疗作用。方法：建立远交群(sprague dawley,SD)大鼠高脂血症模型,预防性及治疗性给予蚕蛹油α-亚麻酸,测定并分析对大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(apolipoprotein A-I,Apo A-I)及脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)和肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)活性的影响。结果：蚕蛹油α-亚麻酸具有显著降低实验性高血脂大鼠血清TC、TG,升高HDL-C、Apo A-I的作用,同时可以增强LPL及HL活性。结论：蚕蛹油α-亚麻酸具有显著的预防和治疗高脂血症的作用。     

Effects of dietary taurine on egg production,egg quality and cholesterol levels in Japanese quail

BACKGROUND: Taurine is a semi‐essential amino acid and has many biological properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with taurine on egg production, egg quality, and cholesterol level in serum and egg yolk of quails. A total of 108 quails aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of nine quails. The diets were supplemented with 0, 100, and 500 mg kg^?1 of taurine for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Dietary 500 mg kg^?1 taurine significantly affected egg production rate and feed conversion ratio, but had no significant effects on body weight gain, feed consumption, or egg weight. Dietary taurine had no significant effect on egg quality parameters studied. Serum triglyceride concentration was reduced significantly with supplementation of taurine at 100 and 500 mg kg^?1. Egg yolk cholesterol content was reduced significantly, and the contents of serum taurine and egg yolk taurine were increased significantly with taurine supplementation at 500 mg kg^?1. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicated that adding 500 mg kg^?1 taurine reduced yolk cholesterol concentration and increased yolk taurine content without adverse effects on performance and egg quality of laying quails. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry