2Cr13不锈钢耐锈蚀性能的研究

一、前言我厂生产的2Cr13不锈餐具园钢供制作餐具刀原料,对于不锈餐具来说衡量其质量好坏的重要标志是抗锈蚀的能力。2Cr13是以退火材供应餐具厂,其组织为铁素体上分布着球状碳化物。后经一系列的加热处理最后制成刀具。刀具的不同部位其组织不同:刀身部位是淬火组织为马氏体;刀把部位是退火组织球状珠光体;刀把与刀身的交界处为过渡组织,有时由于加热温度低而产生的铁素体加屈氏体组织以及由于淬火冷却速度慢而产生马     

轴承钢连铸坯偏析和致密度的分析

采用原位分析方法对轴承钢连铸大方坯不同部位的偏析和疏松进行了分析；将原位分析与低倍组织分析结合起来，完整地体现铸坯试样的成分分布和组织特征。轴承钢同一铸坯断面中部的C、Si、Mn元素偏析程度大于边部。轴承钢铸坯边缘部位致密度和均匀性都好于中心部位，即相应的柱状晶区致密度高于等轴晶区。     

锌铝镁镀层表面黑点耐蚀性能的试验研究

采用中性盐雾试验对锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品、锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品以及纯锌镀层样品的耐蚀性进行了对比测试,锌铝镁镀层表面黑点样品和锌铝镁镀层表面正常样品经2000 h及4000 h的中性盐雾腐蚀试验后在镀层表面均未出现红锈,而纯锌样品在2000 h已经出现明显红锈,到4000 h红锈量明显增多。使用扫描电镜及能谱仪对锌铝镁镀层的黑点部位和正常部位进行了分析,结果表明黑点部位富集了大量细小、富镁的共晶组织,由于这些细小的共晶组织与正常部位的条片状共晶组织对光的反射存在差异,同时富镁的共晶组织容易被空气中的氧气氧化形成黑色的氧化物,由此导致其目视差异呈黑点。盐雾试验结果表明,黑点部位的耐蚀性能并无恶化,锌铝镁镀层的黑点样品与正常样品同样具有较好的耐蚀性能。     

4032铝合金活塞锻件表面黑色缺陷分析

针对4032铝合金活塞锻件底座表面存在的黑色缺陷,通过对缺陷部位和正常部位的化学成分、硬度、显微组织及重新淬火时效后的硬度和显微组织等多方面进行了分析,确定4032铝合金活塞锻件底座表面的黑色缺陷实际为热处理不充分所致,并对黑色缺陷形成机理和改进措施进行了阐述。     

大口径TC4钛合金管材的挤压组织与性能

采用16.3 MN卧式挤压机对TC4钛合金管材进行热挤压,研究了热挤压后管材不同部位的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金通过挤压变形可以获得均匀、细小的两相区加工组织。沿管材壁厚方向,外壁、中心和内壁的晶粒尺寸逐渐变大。但沿管材纵向,头部、中部、尾部的晶粒尺寸基本一致,这种组织均匀性保证了管材头、中、尾不同部位具有均匀一致的力学性能。     

310乙字钢组织对低温冲击功的影响

通过检验310乙字钢不同部位钢的-40℃V型缺口冲击功,以及对应的金相组织,分析了310乙字钢组织对低温冲击功的影响,结果说明：同一支310乙字钢在不同部位的低温冲击功存在差异,主要因素在于铁素体的晶粒大小、形态及分布的差别。     

中厚板超声波探伤合格率提高攻关实践

为找出中厚板超声波探伤不合格原因,运用统计分析方法,找出探伤合格率瓶颈规律,并针对典型钢种和规格范围进行缺陷部位取样检测,利用金相、扫描电镜和能谱等检测手段,对钢板探伤不合格部位的组织和成分进行分析.结果表明:探伤不合格的主要原因是组织中存在着条状硫化锰和锰元素的偏析以及由异常组织粒状贝氏体引起的微裂纹.针对以上原因,...     

基板划痕对热镀锌及合金化镀层组织结构的影响

研究了IF钢表面划痕深度对热镀锌镀层及合金化镀层表面缺陷的影响、划痕部位镀层的生长过程、组织结构及合金化行为.试验及分析结果表明,热镀锌时锌液能够有效填充划痕凹陷,从而降低基板表面的划痕缺陷,但划痕缺陷可以遗传到合金化镀层表面;在镀层合金化过程中,与正常部位相比缺陷部位的合金化速度快;随着镀层合金化的进行,缺陷部位的Z...     

304L不锈钢轧制边裂缺陷研究

钢厂采用立式连铸生产304L不锈钢,但在轧制过程中易出现边裂现象。本文采用化学成分分析、微观组织观察、能谱分析及高温力学性能检测等手段,对钢材组织、边裂部位的断裂形貌以及断裂部位存在的夹杂物进行了研究。结果表明304L热轧板的组织为奥氏体和铁素体。裂纹穿过两相组织并导致组织的压缩变形。裂纹内含有CaO-SiO₂-Al₂0₃-MgO复合型夹杂物,夹杂物含有Na元素和K元素。最终确定在生产过程中卷进的保护渣是导致钢材产生轧制边裂的原因。     

大型角钢顶角开裂的原因分析和优化控制

Q355B角钢是一种比较常用的结构钢,广泛应用于各种建筑结构和工程结构中.唐山某钢厂在组织试轧Q355B大型角钢时出现了批量的顶角开裂缺陷,为此对角钢开裂部位以及同炉次的铸坯进行了取样检测.本文根据角钢开裂部位化学成分、显微组织以及同炉次铸坯低倍组织的检测结果,对角钢顶角开裂的原因进行了分析,并提出了工艺改进措施.通过...     

N80-1油管在水力压裂作业过程中开裂原因分析

N80-1油管在进行油层水力压裂作业过程中发生脆性开裂,采用断口宏观分析、断口微观分析、金相检验等方法,对其开裂原因进行了系统的分析。结果表明,失效油管理化性能均符合API SPEC 5CT—2011标准规定值。该油管内壁存在一条深0.2~0.8 mm的缺陷是导致该油管在压裂过程中发生开裂的主要原因。经对失效油管实物以及金相组织形态观察,初步认定缺陷为芯棒划伤。另外,N80-1油管的断裂韧性KIC值较低亦加速该油管发生脆性开裂。改选用断裂韧性KIC值高的油管进行压裂作业将会降低压裂过程中油管发生脆性开裂的概率。     

Trochanteric hip fracture: strong association with spinal trabecular bone mineral density measured with quantitative CT

PURPOSE: To determine the discriminatory capability for hip fracture of trabecular and integral bone mineral density (BMD) measured with quantitative computed tomography (CT) of the spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six women who had sustained hip fractures and 59 control subjects underwent volumetric quantitative CT of L1 and L2 and dual x-ray absorptiometry of the hip. BMD was measured in vertebral regions of interest that encompassed trabecular, cortical, and integral bone. Logistic regression analysis was applied to each BMD measure to derive age-, weight-, and height-adjusted relative risk (RR) factors for overall hip fracture and for trochanteric fracture and cervical fracture separately. RESULTS: Spinal trabecular BMD was modestly related to overall hip fracture (RR, 1.4-1.7; P < .05) and strongly associated with trochanteric fracture (RR, 4.2-4.5; P < .005). Spinal integral BMD related similarly to overall hip fracture (RR, 1.7-1.8; P < .05) but more weakly to trochanteric fracture (RR, 2.3-3.2; P < .01). No spinal BMD measures were significantly related to cervical fracture. BMD at the hip was strongly related to overall hip fracture (RR, 3.3-4.3; P < .001), cervical fracture (RR, 2.7-5.3; P < .001), and trochanteric fracture (RR, 2.9-7.2; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Spinal trabecular BMD is strongly associated with both trochanteric and vertebral fractures.     

Fracture after cardiac transplantation: a prospective longitudinal study

Cardiac transplantation is associated with increased prevalence of vertebral fractures, but the natural history of and risk factors for fracture after this life-saving procedure are unclear. We evaluated 47 patients (34 men and 13 postmenopausal women) before transplantation with spinal radiographs, determination of bone density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and measurement of biochemical indexes of mineral metabolism. During the first year after transplantation, incident fractures were documented radiographically. Associations among demographic characteristics, bone density, biochemistries, and fracture risk were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Despite supplementation with elemental calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (400 IU/day), 17 patients (7 women and 10 men) sustained a total of 34 fractures. Most fractures involved the spine, and 85% of the patients who experienced fracture did so within 6 months of transplantation. Fifty-four percent of the women and 29% of the men experienced fracture. Femoral neck bone mineral density was significantly lower in women who experienced fracture than in those who did not (0.604 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.760 +/- 0.12 g/cm2; P < 0.04), but did not differ in men according to fracture outcome. The amount of bone loss at the femoral neck by 6 months after transplantation was significantly greater in men with fracture than in men without fracture (12.0 +/- 6.4% vs. 6.8 +/- 5.3%; P < 0.04), but did not differ in women according to fracture outcome. Pretransplant 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower (25 +/- 9 vs. 39 +/- 17 pg/mL; P < 0.007) and intact PTH levels tended to be higher in men who did not experience fracture (37 +/- 15 vs. 69 +/- 46 pg/mL; P < 0.06). Individual pretransplant bone density measurements demonstrated substantial overlap between patients who did and did not experience fracture, and normal bone density did not necessarily protect against fracture after transplantation. We conclude that fractures are a common and early complication of cardiac transplantation. No pretransplant measurement has yet been identified that reliably predicts fracture after transplantation in the individual patient.     

Q345B钢Z向拉伸断口形貌的分析

通过对不同炉、批次Q345B钢Z向拉伸断口形貌进行分析,研究了断口形貌与塑性夹杂物级别和Z向断面收缩率（Z）之间的关系,指出在一定的硫含量条件下,塑性夹杂物级别是决定断口形貌及Z向断面收缩率的关键.     

Digital anomalies, microcephaly, and normal intelligence: new syndrome or Feingold syndrome?

To investigate risk factors for spinal fracture, we studied the relationship between the prevalence of asymptomatic spinal fracture and various morphological measures including spinal bone mineral density (BMD) in women. A total of 122 women ranging in age from 55 to 79 years were studied. The group consisted of 46 women aged 55-59 years (18 with fracture), 51 women aged 60-69 years (26 with fracture), and 26 women aged 70-79 years (14 with fracture). BMD of cortical and trabecular bone from L1 to L3 was measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Run-length analysis was applied to evaluate the spinal trabecular textural features using CT images; the texture indices which represent the mean width of trabecular (the T-texture) and that of intertrabecular spaces (the I-texture) were obtained. Anthropometric factors including body weight and height, psoas muscle area, and vertebral bone volume were measured using CT images. Among the various factors, trabecular BMD in women aged 55-69 years showed the highest odds ratio for the presence of fracture per standard deviation (SD) decrease in bone density. However, in women aged 70-79 years, the highest odds ratio was observed for trabecular texture index but not for trabecular BMD. The I-texture in women aged 55-59 years, the muscle area in women aged 60-69 years, and cortical BMD and muscle area in women aged 70-79 years were also considered significantly related to the risk of fracture.     

Femoral and spinal bone mineral density in Japanese osteoporotics with hip fracture

In the present study, bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and lumbar spine was compared between 38 Japanese female patients with hip fracture (age 63-89 years, mean +/- SD 76 +/- 7 years) and 162 age-matched female controls (age 62-90 years, mean +/- SD 75 +/- 7 years). BMD was measured in the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2-4) using dual-photon absorptiometry (Norland model 2600). BMD values of femoral neck as well as lumbar spine were significantly lower in patients with hip fracture than in controls (0.504 +/- 0.097 v 0.597 +/- 0.101, p < 0.01, for femoral neck; 0.661 +/- 0.146 v 0.720 +/- 0.128, p < 0.05, for lumbar spine). Patients with hip fracture and controls were stratified according to their BMD levels at two measuring sites, and the ratio of the number of patients and controls at each BMD level was calculated as an indicator of fracture rate. This ratio showed an exponential increase as the femoral neck BMD declined, but only a gradual increase as the lumbar spine BMD declined. Specificity-sensitivity analysis revealed that BMD values of 0.59 and 0.54 g/cm2 at the femoral neck provided a specificity of 52% and 68% with a sensitivity of 90% and 75%, respectively. These findings suggest that Japanese patients with hip fracture are more osteoporotic than age-matched controls and that the selective measurement of femoral neck would be useful for predicting the risk of hip fracture.     

Loss of bone in the proximal part of the femur following unstable fractures of the leg

We evaluated the subsequent loss of bone from the proximal part of the ipsilateral and contralateral femora and from the lumbar spine of seven men and nine women who had a fracture of the tibia. The average age was sixty years. All of the fractures were unstable, and the involved leg bore no weight for an average of eight weeks. The bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and of the femoral neck and the trochanteric region of both hips immediately after the fracture, after the period of immobilization, and at approximately three, six, and twelve months after the fracture. During the period of immobilization, the bone mineral density of the trochanteric region decreased an average of 9 +/- 7 per cent on the side of the fracture, compared with the value immediately after the fracture, but there was no change on the contralateral side (p < 0.01). At twelve months, the average decrease in the trochanteric area was 15 +/- 10 per cent on the side of the fracture, compared with the value immediately after the fracture, but again there had been no change on the uninjured side (p < 0.01). The bone mineral density of the femoral neck on the side of the fracture had decreased 6 +/- 6 per cent at twelve months, compared with a decrease of 2 +/- 4 per cent on the uninjured side (p < 0.05). The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased only during the period of unloading of the fractured leg (1 +/- 2 per cent, p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

云南墨江-绿春断裂带构造特征研究

墨江-绿春断裂带属于哀牢山大断裂中的一条断裂带,发育于普洱盆地和哀牢山前陆之间的盆山转换地带,其中包含10条逆断层,总体走向为北西-南东向。通过对墨江-绿春地区发育的10条断裂构造的几何形态特征、构造变形特征和发育的区域构造背景等诸多方面进行了较为深入的分析和研究,探讨了该断裂带构造的组合形式、扩展方式和成因,并进一步研究了本区断裂的构造类型,建立了本区断裂构造模式,即后展式逆冲推覆构造性质的断裂带。     

S390级转向架用耐候钢的高温塑性

利用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机对S390转向架用耐候钢的高温塑性进行测定。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对断口组织、断口形貌和析出物进行观察和分析。利用热膨胀仪测定S390耐候钢的临界相变温度,通过Thermal-Calc软件计算微合金元素的热力学析出温度。结果表明,在1 250~650 ℃范围内,存在3个区间,第Ⅰ脆性区在1 220 ℃以上,断裂形式是由S、O等元素偏析引起的沿晶断裂;第Ⅲ脆性区为980~650 ℃,断裂形式是由析出物钉扎晶界及先共析铁素体析出引起的沿晶断裂;在1 220~980 ℃第Ⅱ脆性区内,由于动态再结晶的发生,不出现脆性区,断裂形式为穿晶塑性断裂。实际生产过程中可避开脆性区间,以减轻S390耐候钢的裂纹倾向。     

风电塔筒法兰用S355NL钢的低温冲击韧性

试验和分析了风电塔筒法兰S355NL钢（/%:0.14C,0.22Si,1.35Mn,0.010P,0.002S,0.06Cr,0.01Mo,0.10Ni,0.03Cu,0.40Ceq）-20~-80℃切向和轴向冲击韧性。结果表明,S355NL钢V-型冲击功随试验温度降低而下降,切向试样的韧脆转变温度低于-80℃（-80℃平均冲击功76.89 J）,轴向试样的韧脆转变温度在-65℃左右（-60℃平均冲击功96.10 J,-70℃13.28 J）,冲击断口形貌由韧性剪切断口转变为准解理断口,直至具有"扇形"解理花样的完全解理断口。