未来班六年级下册品德与社会“地球什么样”教学设计(第一课时)

<正>一、教材说明本节教学内容从古代人对地球形状的探究与现代人对地球的认识两个层面介绍了关于地球的一些基本地理常识。了解古人对地球认识的局限性,懂得人类对地球的认知程度取决于科学技术的发展水平。二、教学目标1.了解古人探究地球形状的过程,了解古人对地球认识的局限性。2.知道地球的形状——地球是一个两头稍扁,中间略鼓的椭圆形球体。3.能够有针对性地查找需要的资料。4.激发学生对科学的兴趣,从小树立爱科学、学科学、用科学     

中国科学院地球物理研究所地球动力学高温高压研究实验室向社会开放

地球动力学高温高压研究实验室的主要研究方法是通过岩石高温高压三轴流变实验,对岩石介质在相应温压范围内的物理性质、力学性质、特别是流变性质进行实验研究和测量。该实验室的开放,对开展有关岩石圈形成演化、地球动力学、震源物理以及地球科学的其它相关领域等系统的综合研究提供了实验条件。     

地球物理勘探技术的发展及应用

通过对地球物理勘探软硬件的研究和分析,总结了地球物理勘探的相关理论和发展趋势,并举例说明了它的应用前景.得出地球物理勘探技术是综合运用数学、物理学、电子学、信息科学、系统科学、计算机技术等多门学科的相应理论、方法和技术来探测地球的各种物理信息,是地球物理勘探直接获取信息的主要手段与工具,是地学发展的重要学科.     

地球质心变化对大地测量的影响分析

地球质心在大地测量学、全球导航定位、地球科学中具有重要地位,地球质心的变化会对大地测量结果引入误差。本文分析了地球质心的变化,介绍了3种地球参考系原点的选取方案,分析了地心运动的影响因素及时变特点,重点介绍了地心运动对大地测量结果的影响,并给出了具体的改正方法。     

2000年探矿(钻掘)工程十大科技新闻

一、中国大陆科学钻探工程设计通过专家组审定即将实施具有全球意义的大别一苏鲁超高压变质带东部实施中国第一口5000ｍ科学深钻,以便获取地球深部物质样品和信息资料,进行深部地球研究,是当今地球科学的一项前沿。该项目于1975年6月由国家科技领导小组批准列为“九五”国家重大科学工程项目,并得到国际大陆科学钻探计划(1ＣＤＰ)的支持。经全国几次论证后,1999年11月14～15日国土资源部受国家计委的委托在北京组织专家组对该项目的“钻探子项目工程设计”进行了认真细致的终审,专家组认为:该工程设计方案指导思想与目标明确、施工方案先进…     

地球科学现代测试技术的研究进展

综述了目前地球科学现代测试所使用的元素分析技术、微区分析技术、同位素分析技术、流体包裹体分析技术的研究进展,提出了地球科学现代测试技术的几个重点发展方向,以期推广应用。     

元素成矿能量法在地球化学异常信息提取中的应用

以青海省祁连县默勒一带为研究区,采用该地区1∶1万土壤地球化学测量的分析数据,尝试引入成矿能量理论,进行成矿元素地球化学特征分析及地球化学综合异常的提取。在直方图筛分的基础上,分级圈定出表征该地区地球化学综合信息的成矿能量异常,并对异常的分布特征进行了充分的分析与分类,为进一步的异常优选和下一步找矿勘查提供了详实的科学理论依据。成矿能量在对地球化学找矿信息的提取识别与增强具有直观性和有效性。     

我国基本建成地球科学“一张图”大数据体系

正5月26日,自然资源部中国地质调查局宣布,国家地球大数据共享服务平台"地质云3.0"正式上线服务,将为国家重大战略实施和全社会提供权威科学的地球科学数据信息,标志着我国基本建成地球科学"一张图"大数据体系。"地质云3.0"按照地球系统科学理论,整合构建了多圈层、多专业、多要素的地球科学"一张图"大数据体系,包含基础地质、能源矿产、     

前言

20世纪的科学发展使人类第一次看到了自身赖以生存之地球的全貌。这一壮举不仅归结于技术与伦理的进步，更使人类从感性上对“地球之美，地球之魅力”产生了共鸣。这第一张地球全景毫无疑问地成为了形成21世纪新价值观念的依据。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程正式启动

国家“九五”重大科学工程项目“中国大陆科学钻探工程”目前得到国家发展计划委员会的立项批准后正式启动。 即将在位于具有全球地学意义的“大别山－苏鲁超高压变质带”上的江苏省东海县开钻的 ５０００ ｍ深井,将是中国第一口大陆科学深钻,其位置是专家在大量的地质和地球物理综合研究基础上确定下来的。该项目得到了国际大陆科学钻探委员会的批准和资助。与世界上已经实施的大陆科学钻探相比较,这口深井在获取地球深部信息方面,将超过世界上任何一口科学钻井。 据该项目首席科学家、国土资源部中国大陆科学钻探工程中心许志琴院士介…     

The role of engineering and environmental geology in the reconstruction and development programme for South Africa

A reconstruction and development programme has been accepted by the Government of National Unity of South Africa to address the wrongs of the apartheid era. It is a people driven programme aimed at mobilising all the people and resources of the country to build a better future. The earth sciences can play a major part in this programme through their knowledge of earth resources and geological processes. The basic human rights such as owning a home and having access to safe drinking water and sanitation are all dependant on the identification of safe housing sites as well as the sustainable utilisation of natural resources such as construction materials, mineral deposits and groundwater. Engineering and environmental geologists have an obligation to future generations to find these safe sites for housing but also to ensure that environmental degradation is minimised. The possible input from all the different fields in geology is briefly outlined in this paper.     

当今澳大利亚建筑界之话题

在澳大利亚建筑蓬勃发展和不断创新的时期中，全国的建筑师都被卷入围绕着三个主要问题的争论之中。这三大争论是：1）建筑到底是以纪念性特点来控制景观，还是应该通过大量使用玻璃而产生脆弱的、短暂的，轻轻触摸土地的效果？2）建筑艺术应该继续沿用古典主义者和现代主义者普遍钟爱的立方体形式，还是反映那些倡导不规则形体的新科技成果？3）建筑设计应该表达建构特点还是用装饰性表皮来包裹自己？     

Researching Militarized Landscapes: A Literature Review on War and the Militarization of the Environment

This article critically assesses literature on militarized landscapes (sites that are partially or fully mobilized to achieve military aims). It argues that alongside increasing public and media attention, militarized landscapes are a burgeoning area of inquiry in a variety of disciplines, including geography, history, earth sciences and archaeology. To allow for an analysis of different disciplinary perspectives around common themes, this article is structured around the areas of preparing for war, the battlefield, and the ‘homefront’. In light of the research identified in this article, it is no longer possible to treat war and landscape as separate realms. Instead, the challenge is to explore how war and landscapes reciprocally reproduce each other across time and space. The common themes that exist across the scholarly disciplines also indicate the potential for extensive interdisciplinary research into militarized landscapes.     

A review of wind-driven rain research in building science

Wind-driven rain (WDR) or driving rain is rain that is given a horizontal velocity component by the wind. WDR research is of importance in a number of research areas including earth sciences, meteorology and building science. Research methods and results are exchangeable between these domains but no exchanges could yet be noted. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of WDR research in building science. WDR is the most important moisture source affecting the performance of building facades. Hygrothermal and durability analysis of facades requires the quantification of the WDR loads. Research efforts can be classified according to the quantification methods used. Three categories are distinguished: (1) experimental methods, (2) semi-empirical methods and (3) numerical methods. The principles of each method are described and the state-of-the-art is outlined. It has been the intent of the present paper to bring together the reports, papers and books—published and unpublished—dealing with WDR research in building science to provide a database of information for researchers interested in and/or working in WDR research, independent of their field of expertise.     

以质量为导向构建高校社科成果评价框架

21世纪以来,中国高校哲学社会科学进入了一个繁荣发展的新时期。当前哲学社会科学研究的主要问题是如何提高研究质量。为此,需要运用科学合理的评价体系来判断研究成果的价值和质量,鼓励高质量成果产出,进而引导和促进哲学社会科学的全面发展。文中以《关于大力提高高等学校哲学社会科学研究质量的意见》和《教育部关于进一步改进高等学校哲学社会科学研究评价的意见》为指导思想,以定性和定量评价、分类评价为评价原则,以创新性、科学性和社会性为评价标准,构建以质量为导向的高校哲学社会科学研究成果评价框架。     

Geometry in nature and Persian architecture

Nature displays profound preference for certain specific ratios to design her life-forms. These are geometric relationships that are transcendent and originated from Sacred Geometry. The view that geometry had a ritual origin is a part of a wider view that civilisation itself had a ritual origin, and therefore the history of utilisation of Sacred Geometry by man goes back to many centuries ago. The Pythagorean tradition, and the Egyptian and Babylonian sciences from which it derived, and Persian mathematics, a part of which reflects a Pythagorean intellectuality, are based on the sacred conception of numbers and their symbolism. In the traditional world, geometry was inseparable from the other sciences of the Pythagorean Quadrivium, namely arithmetic (numbers), music and astronomy. Traditional geometry is related to the symbolic configurations of space. Geometric forms such as the triangle, square and various regular polygons, the spiral and the circle are seen in the traditional perspective to be, like traditional numbers, as aspects of the multiplicity of the Unity.Architecture itself has always had a sacred meaning to all traditional civilisations through millennia, by which means man has tried to provide for himself a manifestation of heavens. Persian architecture always emphasised on Beauty, and by means of Sacred Geometry Persians measured the proportions of heaven and reflected them in the dimensions of buildings on the earth. A comprehensive utilisation of proportions in Persian architecture, such as in the design of plans, elevations, geometric and architectural patterns, and mechanical and structural features, can be proved through geometrical analysis of Persian historical buildings.In this paper, the sacred conception of geometry and its symbolism in the Pythagorean tradition, and Sacred Geometry and proportions in natural life-forms will be explained. The use of the science of geometry in design of a number of Persian historical buildings will be presented. The geometric factors upon which the design of these buildings, from both architectural and structural viewpoints, is made will be discussed.     

公路高填方涵洞土压力变化规律及计算方法研究

通过模型试验研究了狭窄沟谷沟心设涵、宽坦地形沟谷沟心设涵和岸坡脚设涵三种边界条件下高填方涵洞涵顶土压力随填土高度变化的规律,以及高填方涵洞的拱效应。试验结果表明,涵顶填土达到一定高度以后,在涵顶上方将产生拱效应,使涵洞顶上的土压力小于理论土压力。但由于高填方涵洞上方路基填料的特点,这种拱效应具有不稳定性,使涵顶土压力随填土高度成非线性变化增加。根据高填方涵洞的土压力变化规律及拱效应特点,提出了计算高填方涵洞非线性土压力计算理论和方法,得出三种边界条件下的非线性土压力计算公式,并通过算例证明了应用该公式计算高填方涵洞土压力的合理性。成果对高填方涵洞土压力计算、结构设计有应用参考价值。     

Stable lead isotopes in environmental health with emphasis on human investigations

There has been widespread use of stable lead isotopes in the earth sciences for more than 40 years focussed on the origin and age of rocks and minerals with lesser application in environmental investigations where the emphasis has been directed typically to the source of lead in environmental media such as air, water and soils.In contrast, the number of environmental health investigations focussed on humans (and primates) is limited in spite of the demonstrated utility of the approach in pioneering studies in the early 1970's. This paper reviews the status of lead isotopes in human investigations especially over the past 2 decades, the period over which most activity has taken place. Following a brief introduction to the method, examples are provided illustrating the use of lead isotopes in a wide spectrum of activities including sources and pathways of lead in diverse environments from urban to mining communities, various applications associated with pregnancy, the contribution of bone lead to blood lead including in the elderly, the half-life of lead in blood, and lead in bones and other media. A brief outline of critical research on non-human primates is also given. The lead isotope method is a powerful technique for tracing lead and could be employed more widely in human investigations.     

山东微山稀土矿床的稀土矿物学研究

微山稀土矿是山东唯一的中型稀土矿床,是中国第三大轻稀土矿床,也是山东正在开采的稀土矿床之一,为与碱性侵入岩有关的中—低温热液型矿床。以往对该稀土矿的流体演化、包裹体特征、成因、成矿年龄等研究较多,但对稀土矿的矿物学研究较少。本次利用电子探针对矿床赋存的氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿、碳酸锶铈矿、菱钙锶铈矿、铈磷灰石等稀土矿物进行了较详细的矿物学及化学成分研究。     

地震荷载下的土压力线性分布解

Mononobe-Okabe土压力理论广泛应用于地震效应下的土压力计算,但由于其理论基础为库伦理论,因而只能计算土压力合力。基于Mononobe-Okabe土压力理论的平面滑裂面假设,在拟静力分析法的基础上采用斜向条分法,推导了考虑多种复杂条件下的地震土压力合力及其作用点位置、土压力强度计算式,并给出临界破裂角的显式解答。分析表明:斜向条分法能够有效验证Mononobe-Okabe理论假设土压力强度沿墙高线性分布的合理性,且在相应简化条件下,该公式给出的土压力合力与Mononobe-Okabe理论的计算结果完全一致。通过探讨水平和竖向地震荷载对土压力的影响初步获得了地震土压力的变化规律。