自蔓延高温合成工艺研究

阐述了自蔓延高温合成技术的发展和应用现状,并且利用SHS技术在普碳钢材表面合成了厚为10mm的Al_2O_3/Fe表面梯度复合层,通过理化手段测试出复合材料的成分呈梯度变化,金属陶瓷连接陶瓷层与基体钢表面,陶瓷与普碳钢具有良好的连接强度,不易剥离。同时还探索了各添加剂元素对金属陶瓷结合等性能的影响规律。     

自蔓延高温合成工艺研究

阐述了自蔓延高温合成技术的发展和应用现状，并且利用SHS技术在普碳钢材表面合成了厚为l0mm的Al2O3／Fe表面梯度复合层，通过理化手段测试出复合材料的成分呈梯度变化，金属陶瓷连接陶瓷层与基体钢表面，陶瓷与普碳钢具有良好的连接强度，不易剥离。同时还探索了各添加剂元素对金属陶瓷结合等性能的影响规律。     

致密TiC-Al2O3-Fe 金属陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成

通过自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压法(SHS/PH IP) 制备出了致密的TiC₂Al₂O₃-20Fe 金属陶瓷。研究了延迟时间、高压持续时间、压力等工艺参数对金属陶瓷密实度的影响, 分析了金属陶瓷的相组成、微观组织及性能。结果表明, 燃烧合成过程中气体的排放和液相的存在是合成密实材料的关键, 通过优化工艺合成了密实度为97. 7% 的TiC₂Al₂O₃-20Fe 金属陶瓷。金属陶瓷由TiC、Al₂O₃ 和Fe 粘结相组成。粘结相Fe 与Al₂O₃ 之间界面光滑,Fe 与T iC 之间有一较薄扩散层。TiC₂Al₂O₃-20Fe 金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和抗压强度分别为890M Pa 和18. 4 GPa。      

自蔓延高温合成法合成金属陶瓷功能梯度材料研究进展

阐述了自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备的功能梯度材料的种类、特性及其应用前景,探讨了自蔓延高温反应合成金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的影响因素(合成原料、点火工艺、反应环境和辅助措施),并分三个阶段(准备阶段、合成阶段和后处理阶段)讨论了SHS法制备功能梯度材料应注意的技术问题,同时介绍了自蔓延法辅助其他工艺(SHS反应喷涂)制备梯度陶瓷材料技术,并提出了自蔓延高温合成法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料今后的发展方向。     

非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成

研究了反应物起始条件对非化学计量碳化钛SHS过程燃烧动力学的影响。用燃烧波淬火法分析了燃烧产物组织形成过程,并计算了SHS过程的激活能。 研究SHS—准热等静压工艺表明,制备非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷时,存在一有利于致密化的最佳施压滞后时间。增大外加压力有利于提高最终产物密度,直到压力大于160MPa后产物密度不再增大,施加压力的保持时间超过1.5min后,延长时间亦不能增加最终产物密度。 在C/Ti=0.42～0.50范围内,用SHS—准热等静压工艺制备了致密化的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷。金属陶瓷经800℃、0.5h处理后,其中的非化学计量碳化钛相发生有序化转变,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度增大。 根据材料设计知识,添加Ni、TaC、Mo有效地细化了金属陶瓷晶粒,提高了金属陶瓷性能。并且添加Mo使粘结相由α-Ti(hcp)转化为β-Ti(bcc),提高粘结相变形能力。在C/Ti=0.45时,同时添加7wt％的Mo和4wt％TaC的复合作用使金属陶瓷抗弯强度达884.0MPa,硬度HRA87.3。 自蔓延高温合成的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷,具有较好的红硬性和优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

自蔓延高温合成Al2O3-TiC/Fe-Al复合材料的研究

以天然钛铁矿为主要原料,采用SHS技术,通过铝热、碳热还原法合成了Al2O3-TiC/Fe-Al 金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料.研究了SHS合成过程中制坯压力、预热时间、稀释剂和碳源对SHS合成过程的影响.研究结果表明:制坯压力在40MPa时,燃烧温度与燃烧波速率出现最大值;随着预热时间的延长,燃烧温度和燃烧波速率都增加,产物中TiC和Al2O3晶体的晶格间距增大,合成更为完全,产物中只包含有TiC相、Al2O3相、Fe-Al相和α-Fe固溶相;稀释剂会降低燃烧温度和燃烧波速率,同时使产物的密度降低,且不利于合成产物的形成;与炭黑相比用石墨做碳源时,燃烧温度、燃烧波速率以及产物的密度都高,反映了碳源结构差异对燃烧合成的影响.     

SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的研究现状

金属陶瓷功能梯度材料是一种新型耐高温、耐腐蚀的复合材料,其应用前景十分广阔。对自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的种类、特点、应用背景以及制备工艺进行了详细论述,总结并分析了影响SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的因素,归纳出了SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的技术难点,最后对现阶段SHS法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料所存在的问题以及发展前景做了简要的分析。     

不同压制压力制备的Al-TiO_2-C细化剂对ZL101合金细化效果的影响

以Al粉、TiO_2粉、C粉和稀土La_2O_3粉为原料,利用放热弥散法原位合成稀土La_2O_3质量分数为0.3%的AlTiO_2-C晶粒细化剂,压制压力分别为80,85,88,90kN和92kN,研究不同压力制备的细化剂对ZL101合金细化效果的影响。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪研究压制压力对Al-TiO_2-C细化剂相组成和显微组织的影响。利用MATLAB软件提取特征值评价Al-TiO_2-C细化剂对ZL101合金的细化能力。结果表明:压制压力为90kN时,Al-TiO_2-C细化剂组织中Al_3Ti呈圆块状数量明显增多,尺寸均匀,形核颗粒TiC和Al_2O_3数量有所增多,此种组织的细化剂对ZL101合金具有最好的细化效果。     

制备工艺对原位合成(Al_2O_3+Si)_p/Al复合材料显微组织影响及体系分析

以Al-SiO_2为反应体系,通过烧结反应原位合成了(Al_2O_3+Si)_p/Al复合材料。研究了第二相含量、烧结时间以及热锻压等工艺对(Al_2O_3+Si)_p/Al复合材料的第二相形貌、尺寸及分布的影响,探讨了原位合成(Al_2O_3+Si)_p/Al复合材料的生成机制。研究表明,Si相含量随着第二相含量的增多而增多且与Al和Al_2O_3相界限相对明显;随着烧结时间的延长,Si相面积相对减小,Al_2O_3相的数量相对增加;锻压后,Si相和Al_2O_3分布更加均匀且尺寸减小。复合材料在液相烧结的过程中,高温下的液相粘性流动以及在原位反应时发生的颗粒重排与固相的溶解和沉淀对材料的致密化产生了较大的作用,当烧结温度达到1000℃时,Al_2O_3颗粒数量、分布情况都得到明显地改善。     

燃烧合成Co（Ti）-Al2O3金属陶瓷的组织与性能

利用低放热Al-TiO2反应体系部分取代高放热Al-CoO反应体系,并加入适量的稀释剂Al2O3吸收反应热量,通过热爆燃烧合成结合致密化工艺制备了铁磁性Co(Ti)-Al2O3金属陶瓷。研究表明,Co(Ti)-Al2O3金属陶瓷中随着Al-TiO2体系的增加,燃烧反应温度降低,金属相尺寸减小,分布更均匀,同时在金属相与基体之间形成过渡区域,提高了界面结合。Co(Ti)-Al2O3复合材料的饱和磁化强度随着金属Co含量增加而增加,最高可达到37.2849Am2/kg,而矫顽力在3997.6～5615.4A/m范围内变化,介于软磁体和硬磁体之间。     

Ni-Al-Fe体系热爆反应活化能和反应级数的测定

本文测定了线性加热速率下的Ni50A120Fe30（wt％）体系热爆反应过程的DTA曲线．用差商法计算了该SHS热爆过程的活化能和反应级数,其结果与用燃烧被违法得到的数值基本一致．     

Effect of compact density and preheating temperature of the Al–Ti–C preform on the fabrication of in situ Mg–TiC composites

Magnesium reinforced in situ TiC particulates was successfully synthesized by utilizing the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) process. The result showed that preform temperature and compact density have effects on the SHS reaction. It is observed that when the compact density was below 68% of the theoretical density, no SHS reaction occurred. However, with an increase in density from 68 to 72%, the successful thermal explosion reaction was observed in the Mg melt. Besides this, the effect of preheat temperature on the fabrication of Mg/TiC composite was extensively studied and found that the preheat temperature below 300 °C failed to give rise to SHS reaction. However, the preheat temperature of 450, 500, and 550 °C favors the reaction inside the liquid melt, but the temperature of 600 °C leads to the ignition reaction in the preheating furnace itself. SEM and EDX study confirms fine distribution of TiC in the matrix.     

Modeling of explosion thermal radiation

The hydrodynamic and radiation processes accompanying explosions of chemical explosives and fuel-air mixtures have been considered. Computer modeling of the radiation from a fire ball of explosion and a flame of diffusion combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel has been performed. The dependences of the heat flux density from the region occupied by explosion and combustion products on its temperature and geometric characteristics have been determined. Thermal load distributions on targets of different orientations in the vicinity of the energy release zone have been obtained. A comparison of the thermal parameters on radiation detectors with the criteria of thermal affection of people and ignition of combustible materials has been made.     

自蔓延高温合成油气管的耐蚀性研究进展

介绍了自蔓延高温合成陶瓷内衬复合管的特点和制备原理以及提高复合管内衬陶瓷层耐蚀性的途径 ,同时还介绍了自蔓延高温合成不锈钢内衬复合管工艺。自蔓延高温合成不锈钢内衬复合管的耐蚀性比普通钢管高 10倍以上。展望了自蔓延高温合成内衬复合管在油气管上的应用前景     

自蔓延反应喷涂技术最新研究及进展

自蔓延反应喷涂技术是近年来产生的一种新的涂层制备技术,它将反应合成技术与喷涂技术相结合,在陶瓷/金属复合涂层制备领域取得了重大突破.围绕自蔓延反应喷涂技术及相关理论研究,综述了该技术的制备方法和最新研究现状,并展望了SHS反应喷涂的研究发展趋势.     

放射性废物的SHS固化处理研究及应用

采用自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)固化处理放射性废物是固化方法新的研究方向。分析探讨了SHS固化处理方法的固化机理、研究现状及固化特点。SHS固化具有工艺简单、能量利用效率高、处理过程快速、成本低廉等优点,可针对不同类型的放射性废物选择合适的反应体系,进行产物设计,可直接应用到废物处置点或实现废物就地处置。介绍了近期笔者采用铝热剂自蔓延高温合成固化处理爆炸过程产生的有毒物质和受锕系核素污染的砂土及时两种形态的核废物的模拟固化实验研究。     

Mechanochemical Synthesis and SHS of Diborides of Titanium and Zirconium

Some properties of titanium diboride (TiB₂) obtained by explosive mechanochemical synthesis and self-propagated high-temperature synthesis (SHS) have been investigated. The properties of zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) obtained by SHS have also been studied. There is a general opinion that explosive mechanochemical synthesis proceeds by a SHS mechanism. For that reason, it is of interest to compare the properties of a product synthesized from the same reagents, by both mechanochemical synthesis and SHS. In order to elucidate the peculiarities of mechanochemical synthesis, the changes in shape and size of the titanium particles occurring during their mechanical treatment up to the moment of synthesis have been examined. Titanium and zirconium powders with particles differing drastically in shape and size have been used for the synthesis of TiB₂ and ZrB₂ by SHS. It has been shown that irrespective of the difference in properties of the reagents, the products obtained have some common properties characteristic of the synthesis method and important with respect to the practical applications of the borides of titanium and zirconium.     

Al—TiO2自蔓延高温合成结构宏观动力学分析

在材料的自蔓延高温合成(SHS)过程中,反应物与产物之间,各种结构层次(宏观、微观、晶体结构等)上的转变过程—结构宏观动力学,对材料制备具有决定意义。本文分别在宏观结构和微观结构两个层次上研究了Al-TiO_2自蔓延高温合成系统的结构宏观动力学。结果表明:在宏观结构上,随着样品尺寸加大,如工艺控制不当会出现三种主要的宏观结构缺陷:气孔增加,偏析加剧、宏观裂纹。材料的显微结构,是由燃烧波内一种非均匀网络状过渡组织转变而来的。     

Preparation,characterization and thermolysis of nitrate and perchlorate salts of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline

Nitrate and perchlorate salts of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and gravimetric analyses. Their thermal decomposition has been studied by TG, TG–DSC and ignition/explosion delays. It has been observed that proton transfer from substituted anilinium ion to nitrate and perchlorate ion regenerate amine, HNO₃ and HClO₄ in condensed phase at higher temperature, where oxidation–reduction between amine and acids leads to ignition and explosion. The kinetics of thermal decomposition was evaluated by applying model fitting as well as isoconversional methods. The values of calculated activation energy of nitrate and perchlorate salts are 77.9 and 118.2 kJ mol^?1 respectively. The possible pathways of thermolysis of these salts have also been proposed.     

A conjugate problem of thermal explosion of a hollow cylinder

A conjugated problem of heat conduction for two hollow cylinders that are in close contact, with one consisting of a reagent, has been solved analytically. The problem has been solved by the backward method under boundary conditions of the first kind. The critical conditions of thermal explosion were investigated as functions of the parameters of a reagent and of an inert body. An engineering method for determining the critical conditions of a thermal explosion is suggested. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 110–113, July–August, 2006.