MRAS state estimator for speed sensorless ISFOC induction motor drives with Luenberger load torque estimation

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the load torque of a sensorless indirect stator flux oriented controlled (ISFOC) induction motor drive based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) scheme. As a matter of fact, this method is meant to inter-connect a speed estimator with the load torque observer. For this purpose, a MRAS has been applied to estimate the rotor speed with tuned load torque in order to obtain a high performance ISFOC induction motor drive. The reference and adjustable models, developed in the stationary stator reference frame, are used in the MRAS scheme in an attempt to estimate the speed of the measured terminal voltages and currents. The load torque is estimated by means of a Luenberger observer defined throughout the mechanical equation. Every observer state matrix depends on the mechanical characteristics of the machine taking into account the vicious friction coefficient and inertia moment. Accordingly, some simulation results are presented to validate the proposed method and to highlight the influence of the variation of the inertia moment and the friction coefficient on the speed and the estimated load torque. The experimental results, concerning to the sensorless speed with a load torque estimation, are elaborated in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The complete sensorless ISFOC with load torque estimation is successfully implemented in real time using a digital signal processor board DSpace DS1104 for a laboratory 3 kW induction motor.     

MTPA control of mechanical sensorless IPMSM based on adaptive nonlinear control

In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear control scheme has been proposed for implementing maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy corresponding to interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. This control scheme is developed in the rotor d–q axis reference frame using adaptive input–output state feedback linearization (AIOFL) method. The drive system control stability is supported by Lyapunov theory. The motor inductances are online estimated by an estimation law obtained by AIOFL. The estimation errors of these parameters are proved to be asymptotically converged to zero. Based on minimizing the motor current amplitude, the MTPA control strategy is performed by using the nonlinear optimization technique while considering the online reference torque. The motor reference torque is generated by a conventional rotor speed PI controller. By performing MTPA control strategy, the generated online motor d–q reference currents were used in AIOFL controller to obtain the SV-PWM reference voltages and the online estimation of the motor d–q inductances. In addition, the stator resistance is online estimated using a conventional PI controller. Moreover, the rotor position is detected using the online estimation of the stator flux and online estimation of the motor q-axis inductance. Simulation and experimental results obtained prove the effectiveness and the capability of the proposed control method.     

电动汽车永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制的研究

针对电动汽车永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统,在两相静止坐标系（d—B）内将滑模观测器法与MRAS结合,提出了基于模型参考自适应的滑模观测器,并利用自适应律估计永磁同步电机的转子速度。仿真和试验表明无位置传感器控制方法是切实可行的。     

应用互换模型参考自适应的异步机无速度传感器直接转矩控制

本文介绍了一种可互换模型参考自适应方法实现对电机转速和定子电阻的辨识,并将其应用于异步机的无速传感器直接转矩控制中。仿真结果表明了方案的有效性。     

Sensorless control for switched reluctance motor based on special position detection

This paper proposes a new sensorless control approach for switched reluctance motor (SRM) in the single pulse control mode in high speed operation. The sensorless method uses the cross point position of transformer electromotive force (EMF) and motional back electromotive force (BEMF) to estimate the rotor position. The cross point position can be derived from the inductance model of SRM, and it is regarded as reference position. The rotor position can be calculated by detecting the special position for each electrical cycle. The proposed position estimation method is not affected by the magnetic saturation of SRM. Importantly, no additional hardware and no complicated computation or memory storage are required with the proposed method. Finally, the simulation and experimental results on a three-phase 12/8-pole SRM demonstrate the validity of the proposed sensorless scheme.     

基于MRAS的无速度传感器异步电机控制

为研究无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统中对速度的估算和控制,建立了一种基于模型参考自适应（MRAS）系统原理的速度磁链自适应观测器。它以定子电流和定子磁链为状态变量,构建全阶观测器为可调模型,电机本身为参考模型,把磁链观测和速度辨识结合起来,直接把定子磁链观测值应用于直接转矩控制算法中,定义了李亚普诺夫函数,并根据其稳定性理论确定了速度自适应律。通过Matlab／Simlink软件进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该系统对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,速度运算较准确,在全速范围内能保持较高的性能。     

Implementation of a sliding-mode-based position sensorless drive for high-speed micro permanent-magnet synchronous motors

Due to issues such as limited space, it is difficult if it is not impossible to employ a position sensor in the drive control of high-speed micro PMSMs. In order to alleviate this problem, this paper analyzes and implements a simple and robust position sensorless field-oriented control method of high-speed micro PMSMs based on the sliding-mode observer. In particular, the angular position and velocity of the rotor of the high-speed micro PMSM are estimated using the sliding-mode observer. This observer is able to accurately estimate rotor position in the low speed region and guarantee fast convergence of the observer in the high speed region. The proposed position sensorless control method is suitable for electric dental handpiece motor drives where a wide speed range operation is essential. The proposed sensorless FOC method is implemented using a cost-effective 16-bit microcontroller and tested in a prototype electric dental handpiece motor. Several experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

感应电动机定子磁场定向直接转矩控制中定子电阻自适应估计方法

定子磁链定向的直接转矩控制技术逐渐被广泛应用于高性能异步电动机调速系统。而在低速运行阶段,由于定子电阻参数的变化,传统的磁场定向控制性能往往很差。基于此,利用波波夫超稳定理论提出了基于定子电流的参考模型自适应系统,通过定子电流反馈构成了对电动机参数进行闭环估计,不仅考虑了定子电阻与电动机转速变化参数,而且还考虑了电动机的转子电阻变化参数,进而加速了估计过程的收敛速度,提高了定子电阻及转速估计的精度。在此基础上,提出定子电阻整定的定子磁链估计方法,并建立一个定子磁场定向直接转矩控制的仿真系统。仿真结果进一步验证了其有效性。     

基于全速域混合控制的同步磁阻电机无传感器矢量控制系统

针织大圆机的特殊运动状态要求其驱动电机具有较大的启动和带载能力以及较高的稳态运行精度,同步磁阻电机是一种应用于针织大圆机的理想电机,但现有同步磁阻电机无传感器控制,存在转子位置估计误差大、速度切换不平滑等问题。对此,提出一种基于全速域混合控制的同步磁阻电机无传感器矢量控制系统,零速和低速时采用脉振高频电流注入法,通过在估计坐标系的d轴注入一个幅值恰当的高频电流信号,使用估计q轴的高频电压信号估计转子位置;中速和高速时采用模型参考自适应法,通过建立数学模型并对其进行稳定性分析来估计转子位置;为了实现零速和低速到中高速的速度切换,提出一种改进的过渡区域融合观测方案,采用正弦型饱和函数代替传统的线性切换函数进行位置融合。为了验证方案的有效性,搭建了平台进行测试。由结果表明,该方案启动过程带载能力强,切换过程平滑且稳定,稳态运行过程波动小,是一种较适合大圆机电机驱动的无传感器矢量控制方法。     

基于电压矢量注入法的PMSM无传感器控制

针对贴面式永磁同步电机的无传感器控制在低速和静止时一直存在着转子位置难以检测和估算的问题,提出了一种新的无传感器控制策略,即根据定子铁芯的非线性磁化特性,采用电压矢量注入法(Voltage Vector Pulse Method),在电机开始运行时,由闭环自适应磁通观测器估算转子位置、速度,实现转子初始位置检测。最终,通过Matlab仿真和实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于滑模观测器的永磁同步电机模型预测电流控制研究

针对永磁同步电机无位置传感器高动态性能控制问题,对传统矢量控制存在电流内环PI控制器对系统性能的影响以及传统滑模观测器中动态转子位置角估计不准、稳态转速估计不精确等观测器性能进行了改进,提出了一种基于改进滑模观测器的永磁同步电机模型预测电流控制方法。根据永磁同步电机在同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型,选择了电机d、q电流作为状态变量,利用前向欧拉法推导出永磁同步电机d、q轴电流的预测模型。通过实时评估价值函数选出使得下一时刻电流跟踪效果最好的电压矢量,将其对应的开关状态作用于逆变器。同时,推导表贴式永磁同步电机的滑模观测器模型并对其观测出的转子位置角和转速进行补偿,得到较为精确的估算值。最后将算法在Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真试验。研究结果表明:所提出的控制方法动态性能好、稳态精度高。     

Adaptive MRAC-based direct torque control with SVM for sensorless induction motor using adaptive observer

This paper presents an improved direct torque control (DTC) method for induction motor (IM) drive. The main drawback of the conventional DTC is the use of hysteresis comparators which leads to high torque and flux ripples. The improvement in this paper includes using the space vector modulation to preserve a constant switching frequency and to reduce totally flux and torque ripples. Besides, the torque and stator flux regulation will be done based on model reference adaptive control (MRAC) strategy to ensure a robust control against external disturbance and less sensitivity from machine parameter variation unlike the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Furthermore, a design of an adaptive observer based on Lyapunov stability is presented for speed/flux and load torque estimation. The observer can improve the control performances and decrease the cost and increase reliability of the global control system by reducing the number of sensors. The proposed strategy will be examined under simulation tests using Matlab/Simulink and experimental implementation with real-time interface (RTI) based on dSpace 1104 board.     

基于空间矢量的同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制由于采用滞环比较器对磁链和转矩进行直接控制,导致磁链、转矩脉动较大和开关频率不固定等问题,对同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制进行了研究,开展了直接转矩控制的基本原理分析,根据同步磁阻电机的数学模型,提出了一种定子磁场定向下磁链和转矩双闭环PI控制结构的直接转矩控制方案,采用空间矢量调制策略,克服了传统直接转矩控制的缺点。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了两种直接转矩控制方案的仿真模型,并利用基于d SPACE的实验平台对该方案的低速性能进行实验研究,研究结果表明:相较于传统的直接转矩控制,该方案能明显减小电机的转矩脉动并且能保持开关频率恒定,能使电机在低速范围内具有良好的动态性能,并且使得电机在低速范围内稳定运行,证明了该方案的可行性和有效性。     

永磁型电主轴多频率振动的主动控制

为了有效抑制由砂轮质量不平衡及外部干扰引起的永磁型电主轴转子系统砂轮端的多频率成分振动,在无轴承永磁电机径向磁悬浮力产生原理的基础上,提出了一种基于最小方差快捷分块(FBLMS)的自适应滤波的永磁型双绕组电主轴柔性转子系统砂轮端多频率成分振动的主动控制方案。首先研究了双绕组永磁型电主轴结构及工作原理和径向控制力的模型,借助有限元法建立了永磁型电主轴柔性转子系统的动力学模型,分析了控制电流的不同成分对永磁体涡流损耗及电机定子铁损的影响,设计了永磁型电主轴柔性转子系统砂轮端多频率成分振动的主动控制系统,结果表明,提出的永磁型电主轴柔性转子系统砂轮端多频率成分振动控制方案具有明显的控制效果。     

Adaptive super-twisting sliding mode observer based robust backstepping sensorless speed control for IPMSM

This paper proposes a higher-order sliding mode observer based robust backstepping control to realize high-performance sensorless speed regulation for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new robust adaptive super-twisting higher-order sliding mode based observer is proposed to estimate the rotor position. The proposed observer has advantages of sliding chattering reduction and robustness against uncertainties. And, a new robust integral adaptive backstepping control with sliding mode actions is designed to achieve precise speed regulation. The uncertainties with unknown bounds can be stabilized by the sliding mode actions. And both transient and steady performance can be achieved by using the sliding mode and integral actions simultaneously. Then, a sensorless scheme is put forward to by combining the presented observer and the proposed controller. The stability of the observer and controller are verified. Simulation and experiment results validate the proposed approach.     

无轴承永磁同步电机转子速度自检测复合方法研究

针对单一转速估计方法难以实现全速范围内准确估计转子速度的缺陷,提出一种转速估计复合方法,即在零速及低速运行时,采用脉振高频信号注入法。该方法不依赖于电机模型参数而仅依赖于电机本身的凸极特性,可实现零速及低速时转子速度的准确估计;高速运行时,采用带多重次优渐消因子扩展卡尔曼滤波器（SMFEKF）进行转速估计,利用SMFEKF极强的模型失配鲁棒性和独特的强跟踪能力,有效地提高系统在稳态及突变状态下的跟踪性能。通过设计两种方法的“软切换”,实现低速到高速的平滑切换,并将该复合方法在无轴承永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统中进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明：该复合方法能在全速范围内实现转子速度与位置的准确估计;在系统状态突变或负载扰动时,误差更小,鲁棒性更强。     

基于内模电流控制的交流感应电机矢量控制系统

从同步速d—q坐标系下异步感应电机动态模型和异步电机矢量解耦控制的基本原理出发，引入了内模控制方法，设计了基于转子磁链定向和内模控制的定子电流调节器。考虑到实际系统中异步感应电机磁场会随着电机负载（转矩）变化而呈不同程度的饱和而导致电机参数的非线性，分析了电流内模控制器对这种非线性参数的鲁棒性。在此基础上建立了整个异步感应电机矢量控制仿真系统，并分别对忽略磁路饱和和考虑磁路饱和两种情况下的系统进行了仿真和分析。仿真和分析结果表明，电流内模控制调节器在模型匹配和失配下均能提供良好的转矩动、静态解耦效果。     

Design and performance analysis of an iterative flux sliding-mode observer for the sensorless control of PMSM drives

To improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, a sensorless control scheme based on a novel iterative flux sliding-mode observer (IFSMO) is proposed in this paper. Two major drawbacks of the conventional sliding-mode observer (SMO), namely, chattering phenomena and high-order harmonics, are discussed. These drawbacks affect the estimation accuracy of the SMO and reduce the control reliability of the system. To eliminate high-order harmonics, a flux SMO is designed by expanding the PMSM state equations with the PM flux. The flux SMO estimates the rotor speed and position using the flux linkage instead of back-EMF information. Moreover, to reduce the chattering in the estimation results, the proposed flux SMO is iteratively used in one current sampling period to adaptively adjust the observer gain. An overall PMSM sensorless control system based on the proposed IFSMO is designed, and an experimental platform using the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) controller is built. The superior chattering reduction and harmonic suppression characteristics of the proposed IFSMO are experimentally validated, and the experimental results verify the feasibility of using the proposed IFSMO-based PMSM sensorless scheme in practical applications.     

基于自适应全阶磁链观测器的直接转矩控制系统

基于模型参考自适应理论，采用自适应全阶磁链观测器观测定子磁链和辨识转速，并结合模糊控制，利用Matlab／Simulink构建了无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的异步电机直接转矩控制系统仿真

在异步电动机数学模型的基础之上,利用MATLAB／Simulink软件构建了一个异步电动机直接转矩控制调速系统。对仿真模型中的定子磁链观测器模块进行了描述,并简要说明了空间电压矢量对磁链和转矩的作用及影响。通过对异步电动机进行仿真实验,得到电压、电流、转速、转矩以及磁链的仿真波形。