基于冰冻干燥法制备高气孔率氧化铝多孔陶瓷

利用冷冻干燥法制备多孔氧化铝陶瓷。系统讨论了影响多孔陶瓷微观结构的主要因素。结果表明:固体含量显著影响多孔陶瓷试样的强度和气孔率;粘结剂的添加对于多孔结构的保持很重要;烧结温度对最终的孔径分布和微观结构有较大影响。以水玻璃为粘结剂,可以显著提高多孔陶瓷的机械强度,但会对气孔率有一定的影响,少量添加可以提高气孔率,当加入量超过30%后,气孔率、孔径开始减小而对应的抗压强度会有一定的提高。     

孔结构对氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用添加成孔剂和冰冻．干燥法制备了具有不同气孔率的氮化硅多孔陶瓷，研究了该陶瓷在9．3GHz的微波介电性能。用SEM对微观形貌进行观察。结果表明，不同的成型工艺制备出具有不用孔结构的氮化硅多孔陶瓷，添加成孔剂制备的多孔陶瓷为较大的孔、洞分布在较致密的基体上；冰冻．干燥法制备的多孔陶瓷具有复合孔结构。对试样介电特性的研究表明，除了气孔率对介电常数和介电损耗有较大影响外，孔结构也是影响其介电特性的重要因素。     

SiC多孔陶瓷的气孔率和强度

选用ＳｉＣ作为骨料，长石和粘土组成的陶瓷结合剂和活性Ｃ作为成孔剂，对不同的烧成温度下ＳｉＣ多孔陶瓷的气孔率和强度进行了研究，温度的提高使ＳｉＣ多孔陶瓷的显气孔率陶低，而体气也民率增大；气孔形状随陶瓷结合剂的高温性能变化而变化，１２８０℃烧成时的气孔形状多为圆形，尺寸分布较均匀；１２４０℃烧成时出现经度极大值，温度提高使固体气孔率增大而强度降低，但在大于１３００℃时，由于ＳｉＣ的高温氧化产物参与晶界     

钛合金精密铸造用陶瓷模壳研究

对适用于钛合金精密铸造用陶瓷模壳的制备工艺进行了系统的实验分析，表征了以过渡金属氧化物溶胶为粘结剂、稳定氧化锆为耐火材料的料浆的性能并讨论了相关参数的影响，对比研究了级配粉与均匀细粉制作的模壳的表面质量，结果表明，粗／细粉含量等级配参量和粉液比通过影响密度、粘度、滞流率以及涂层厚度等工艺参数而影响模壳的表面质量．在上述分析基础上确定了适用于本实验条件下钛合金精密铸造用陶瓷模壳的制备工艺参数。     

凝胶注模法制备微多孔氮化硅陶瓷及性能（英文）

通过提高凝胶注模工艺中有机单体含量,制备孔中径约为0.6008μm的微多孔氮化硅陶瓷。研究单体含量、烧结温度和固含量对微多孔Si3N4瓷烧结体性能的影响,并获得了高气孔率、高强度的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。结果表明,随单体含量的增加(25%~55%),多孔氮化硅的气孔率增加(51.2%~61.6%),强度为234.2~54.5 MPa;烧结温度对孔Si_3N_4陶瓷的气孔率和比表面积有一定的影响:通过降低高气孔率多孔Si_3N_4陶瓷的孔尺寸可改善多孔Si_3N_4陶瓷的强度。     

高强度多孔氮化硅陶瓷的制备与研究

以氮化硅为基体，通过加入一定量的纳米碳粉等添加剂，成功的制备出了具有高强度和较高气孔率的氮化硅多孔陶瓷。采用阿摹米得法、一点弯曲法测试了材料的密度、气孔率及强度；用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对相组成及断口进行了研究。实验结果表明：加入的纳米碳粉同在Si3N4表面的SiO2或者同Si3N4颗粒本身反应，生成了极细的SiC颗粒，钉扎在β型氮化硅的晶界，可以有效的增加材料的强度。在含碳量为5％(质量分数)，1780℃下保温60min，可以制得强度大于100MPa，气孔率大于40％的氮化硅多孔陶瓷。     

神经网络在制备氮化硅多孔陶瓷中的应用

以凝胶注模法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷正交试验结果作为样本,建立3层Back Propagation(BP)神经网络,并进行训练以预测陶瓷性能。通过附加试验值对建立的神经网络预测能力进行验证,证明该BP神经网络模型是有效的,能准确预测多孔氮化硅陶瓷性能。通过BP神经网络模型研究多孔氮化硅陶瓷性能的结果表明,随着固含量的增加,气孔率单调下降;固含量存在一优化值,此时陶瓷抗弯强度最大;单体含量越大,气孔率越大,而抗弯强度降低。     

氧化锆纤维对氧化硅陶瓷型芯性能的影响

为提高硅基陶瓷型芯的综合性能,将不同含量的氧化锆短纤维添加至以锆英粉为矿化剂的型芯基体粉料中,通过热压注法制备氧化硅陶瓷型芯,研究型芯收缩率、显气孔率和力学性能的变化,并观察试样断面微观形貌。结果表明,当氧化锆纤维掺入量从0增加到5%,陶瓷型芯试样的室温和1 550℃高温抗弯强度先上升后下降;当氧化锆纤维掺入量为1%时,室温和1 550℃高温抗弯强度最好,分别为18.64 MPa和28.06 MPa,与未纤维强化的陶瓷型芯试样对比,分别提升15.84%和13.46%;氧化锆纤维掺入量为1%的陶瓷型芯试样的收缩率为0.89%,显气孔率为30.4%,高温变形量为0.71mm。分析认为,氧化锆纤维掺入量较高导致纤维的完整性被破坏且出现团聚现象、对基体起割裂作用是陶瓷型芯试样综合性能变差的主要原因。     

泡沫凝胶法制取陶瓷的气孔率影响因素研究

主要研究了泡沫凝胶法中的各工艺因素如搅拌速度、浆体粘度和浆体密度对气孔率的影响,并结合起泡形成理论,进一步引入雷诺数（Re）来衡量气孔率的变化.研究发现无论是改变搅拌速度、浆体粘度还是浆体密度,只要Re相同,则气孔率相同,并且在气孔率和雷诺数之间还存在着定量的函数关系.     

TiO_2对堇青石多孔陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响

以叔丁醇为成形介质和造孔剂,二氧化钛为烧结助剂,采用凝胶注模成形和无压烧结工艺制备堇青石多孔陶瓷.研究了添加5%(体积分数,下同)二氧化钛对堇青石多孔陶瓷的气孔率、微观结构、力学性能和气孔结构的影响,并对样品的断口形貌进行观察.结果表明,在1175 ℃烧结温度条件下,与不添加二氧化钛相比,当二氧化钛含量为5%时,所得堇青石多孔陶瓷的气孔率和开口气孔率分别由76.9%和96.4%下降为72.4%和95.1%,线性收缩率从20.7%提高到22.1%,而抗压强度则由3.23 MPa提高到5.83 MPa,气孔尺寸均呈单峰分布,中位孔径由2.29 μm下降到1.62 μm.二氧化钛的加入提高了堇青石粉末的低温烧结性能,在未明显降低堇青石多孔陶瓷气孔率以及未改变其气孔结构、孔径尺寸分布的前提下,材料的力学性能得到了显著改善.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.