降低焦炉蓄热室阻力的措施及效果

介绍了安钢焦化厂3#、4#焦炉由于长期使用杂质含量很高的加热煤气,而导致蓄热室堵塞严重,格子砖阻力升高,并由此而产生了一系列的问题。针对焦炉蓄热室阻力升高现象,进行了原因分析,并提出了处理措施。通过清扫处理后,减小了蓄热室格子砖的阻力,杜绝了煤气的泄漏,节省了宝贵的煤气资源,也消除了影响安全生产的隐患,有效地保证了焦炉生产的稳定顺行。     

降低焦炉蓄热室阻力的措施及效果

介绍了安钢焦化厂3#、4#焦炉由于长期使用杂质含量很高的加热煤气,而导致蓄热室堵塞严重,格子砖阻力升高,并由此而产生了一系列的问题.针对焦炉蓄热室阻力升高现象,进行了原因分析,并提出了处理措施.通过清扫处理后,减小了蓄热室格子砖的阻力,杜绝了煤气的泄漏,节省了宝贵的煤气资源,也消除了影响安全生产的隐患,有效地保证了焦炉生产的稳定顺行.     

燃煤高效节能三通道蓄热室的设计与实践

介绍三通道空气蓄热、单通道煤气蓄热室的设计程序及主要参数的确定,包括格子体总体积、空气蓄热室与煤气蓄热室格子体的体积比及具体尺寸、每层格子砖用砖数量、煤气蓄热室和空气蓄热室的气体流速,并以燃煤高效节能蓄热室实例进行验证。     

硅酸钠熔制与熔窑技术问条（四）

换火是将燃烧所需要的空气，煤气分别轮流送入两边的空气，煤气蓄热室预热，将废气轮流通过两边蓄热室加热格子砖，当废气从小炉排出，通过蓄热室中的格子砖孔道时，将它的一部分热量传递给格子砖而使其加热，换向以后，从燃烧用的空气和煤气流过这些已加热的格子砖，吸阴砖所蓄蓄积热量的一部分而提高了自身的温度，这样在蓄热室中交替地流过废气和空气或煤气，以格子砖作为中间媒介进行热交换，就可利用废气的热量以完成空气和煤气的预热过程，为了稳定焙化温度，不让格子砖上部温度过高（不超过上部格子体选材所允许的工作温度），少格子砖耐火材料的烧损，同时具有良好的换热效果，一般每间隔20－30分钟换向一次，在换向行程中，交换器有短时间的中立，为减少煤气浪费和影响窑内温度，要求换火操作行程时间越短越好。     

硅酸钠熔窑蓄热室格子体的设计与配材

蓄热室作为余热回收和空、煤气的预热设备，在很大程度上影响熔窑的能耗。本文分析了硅酸钠熔窑蓄热室格子体的热交换，格子砖形式和码砌方式在单位热交换面积、单位格子体重量、单位横断面上的气体流通面积等技术和经济性能指标方面对熔窑蓄热室效能的影响。定性地阐述了格子砖选材原则。     

蓄热室格子砖材质选择及试用情况

本文介绍了用粘土砖、高铝砖、硅砖和方镁石砖作蓄热室上层格子体进行对比试验的情况。结果表明,空气蓄热室上层用方镁石砖、煤气蓄热室上层用硅砖的效果较好,而粘土砖和高铝砖的使用效果不够理想。     

格子砖材质和排列方式对蓄热室换热特性的影响

作者根据热平衡原理针对广泛使用的立式单通道蓄热室建立了蓄热室内温度场的数学模型。计算机计算结果表明,格子砖材质的更换会改变蓄热室的换热特性。采用不同材质的格子砖时,必须根据使用条件和对换热效率的影响确定适当的高度比值。格子砖排列方式对蓄热室换热特性也有较大影响。单位体积具有较多受热面积和较大砖容量的格子体能获得较高的换热效率。     

焦炉扩散型蓖子砖阻力计算公式的探讨

焦炉篦子砖是充分利用蓄热室格子砖蓄热面积使气流沿蓄热室长向均匀分布,现代焦炉在小烟道上部都采用了扩散型篦子砖,前部是大口朝下,后部是大口朝上,原意是前部上升时阻力小,下降时阻力大,后部与此相反。但实际上按原计算排放的篦子砖,小烟道内外温度差仍达80~100℃,本文就原计算方法存在的问题予以探讨。     

玻璃池窑蓄热室,格子砖的选材与改进

近年来由于电熔锆刚玉砖的质量提高,品种增加和使用部位扩大,使池窑的寿命延长到5～8年,窑炉的薄弱环节由池窑主体熔池转向蓄热室和格子体,格子体的材质成为延长池窑作业周期的关键.如采用价格昂贵的十字型格子砖可使池窑造价提高1～1.5倍.作者综述了近年来蓄热室和格子体结构的革新,格子砖的侵蚀和机理.归纳了池窑、蓄热室和各部格子砖材质的选用.     

玻璃熔窑蓄热室筒形、条形、十字形格子砖的应用对比

以新建1000t/d浮法玻璃熔窑为例,分别计算了典型的筒形砖、条形砖、十字形砖格子体的相关数据。这些数据包括:蓄热室腔道平面尺寸、单侧蓄热室的格子孔数量、助燃空气和烟气在格子孔内的流速、格子体上下部的传热系数、全窑格子体的总传热系数、需要的格子体换热面积、格子体高度、全窑格子砖的重量。最后对三种类型格子砖的优缺点及使用性能进行了分析对比。     

焦炉加热系统计算机自动控制的应用

通过调节焦炉蓄热室顶部温度,对1、2、3号焦炉的加热系统进行了计算机自动控制。系统采用二前馈二反馈一监控的优化调控,同模糊控制与专家系统相结合的控制方案,建立数学模型,实现了焦炉生产参数的自动检测与显示,及焦炉煤气流量与分烟道吸力的控制。     

Refractories for coke oven doors

Conclusions The main requirements of refractories for the doors of coke ovens are enhanced strength and thermal-shock resistance, and a reduced thermal conductivity. The use of chamotte articles due to lamination leads to scaling and spalling, and increases the gas permeability of the structure and causes rapid wearing. The resistance of the brick is reduced with an increase in the volume of the coking chamber, and this equals 1.5–2 years.In recent years a start has been made with the use of block concrete linings for the doors of coking ovens on the basis of concrete containing chamotte fillers and aluminous cements. The resistance of concrete blocks reaches 4–5 years or more. With block linings there is a reduction in the number of joints, ensuring mechanization of the installation and demolition of the lining, and a reduction in the time spent on lining operations.Two types of Soviet designs are used for the doors of coke ovens with block linings. The most promising is the nonreinforced lining with removable components, permitting independent changing of the blocks, and repeated use.Abroad, research is going on into reinforcement of blocks with metal fibers of special composition and the use of fused quartz for preparing the blocks.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 38–43, August, 1984.     

Experience in the service of and measures for improving the service life of coke ovens of refractory concretes

Conclusions Experience in the operation of coke ovens of Batteries Nos. 1 and 4 of Stakhanov Coke and Chemical Plant made of large dinas-quartzite blocks has made it impossible to confirm their technical advantages over ovens of normal small-piece refractories.Several years of observations of the surface condition of the concrete lining of coke ovens has shown that in general its resistance is at least as good as the resistance of the chamotte lining. The processes of graphitization of the coke battery concrete lining occur satisfactorily during service.To prolong the service life of refractory concrete batteries it is desirable to eliminate lining defects occurring in the initial period of service of batteries of blocks without delay.The recommended compositions of guniting compounds are quite effective for repair of the serface of dinas-quartzite concretes and possess good adhesion and life in the coking medium.Questions related to broadening of the introduction of concretes into the construction and repair of large-scale coke batteries are very pressing and require the continuation of investigations.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 47–50, March, 1987.     

扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体强化传热的数值模拟

为提高烟气余热回收率，提出一种扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体，通过用户自定义函数(UDF)实现烟气和空气周期切换时流体种类和进口速度、温度等参数的改变，基于ANSYS Fluent软件建立了新型蓄热体的三维非稳态传热数值模型。通过比较模型预测值与文献实验值进行了模型验证。利用模型研究了新型蓄热体方孔扩缩角、扩缩节距和总长度对其传热和流阻性能的影响。通过温度云图分析了扩缩通道强化蓄热体性能的机理。结果表明，缩放通道能有效提高蜂窝蓄热体的传热性能，在压力损失增加不多的前提下，蓄热体效能最多提高约5个百分点。扩缩方孔蜂窝蓄热体长度越长，其传热性能越好；对于一定长度的新型蓄热体，扩缩节距(或扩缩角)不变时，蓄热体传热性能随扩缩角(或节距)增大而增强。扩缩角过大时，新型蓄热体流动阻力很大，综合性能不佳。     

甲醇弛放气掺入量的变化对焦炉加热的影响

结合开滦京唐港煤化工园区生产实际,根据甲醇弛放气波动造成煤气热值变化,来计算所需空气和产生废气量以及炉温的变化。结果表明,弛放气掺入量在0%～40%时,若未调节入炉空气量,弛放气每降低10%,理论燃烧温度会升高85℃左右,并提出弛放气波动情况下的调节意见,为焦炉加热调温提供参考。     

炼焦耗热量极限值的探讨

通过对40余座大、中、小不同炉型的热工测试与热平衡结果采用统计分析、线性回归、突出因素等方法,获得计算加热煤气流量的计算通式,并对炼焦耗热量极限值进行探讨以预测节能最佳值。     

基于中心点法的蓄热室顶部温度补偿

辨识焦炉火道温度和蓄热室温度的关系模型,需要对辨识数据进行预处理.针对煤气交换给蓄热室顶部温度带来的周期性影响,提出了基于中心点法的蓄热室顶部温度补偿处理方式,分析了对温度模型辨识数据进行预处理的必要性.采用中心点补偿法对现场数据进行补偿处理,取得了预期的效果.     

Refractories for the outer verticals of coke ovens

Conclusions The mechanism of the destruction of dinas in the structure of the outer verticals of coke ovens was examined during the cooling of the structure deep down and during reversible low-temperature inversions in the silica modifications.Destruction of the dinas in the structure of the outer verticals is caused by its low spalling (thermal-shock) resistance because of the reversible low-temperature changes of the silica, and also the action of moisture brought in with the carbon batch. The moisture migrates into the cooler sections of the structure, and the steam resulting from this weakens the structure of the dinas.An increase in the service life of the dinas in the outer verticals is possible not only as a result of the use of articles with a high spalling resistance but with the use of unfired carbon batches.In laboratory and industrial conditions we established means of improving the spalling resistance of the dinas by adding fireclay together with lime-iron slip.The deformation properties of the dinas with the additives (fireclay) are preserved at a high enough level permitting its use in the outer verticals of coke ovens.It is necessary to prepare an experimental industrial batch of dinas using the new method in order to carry out service tests. During industrial tests we should ensure a reduction in the moisture content of the carbon batches employed.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 14–19, June, 1982.     

基于数值模拟的马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室热效率研究

蓄热室是马蹄焰玻璃窑余热回收、能源循环再利用的重要设备,它对于降低玻璃窑炉整体能耗有着重要的作用。热效率低的蓄热室不但会造成大量的能源浪费,还可能会减少玻璃窑炉的使用寿命,提高蓄热室的热效率已经成为了玻璃产业亟待解决的问题。为了研究蓄热室参数对热效率的影响规律,首先运用计算流体力学理论和多孔介质模型建立了蓄热室的数值仿真模型,然后结合热平衡分析和气体热力学性质变化规律,建立蓄热室热效率模型,最后运用Fluent对不同参数下蓄热室内部温度场与速度场进行仿真,同时从温度场中采集热效率计算数据并分析各参数对蓄热室热效率的影响规律。结果表明：在保证燃料燃烧充分的前提下,减小助燃空气进口速度、格子体孔隙率、格子砖当量直径有利于增大空气与格子体的传热量,提高蓄热室的热效率,而烟道口进口面积在0.9～1 m²时蓄热室的热效率较高。     

影响烧天然气浮法熔窑蓄热室寿命因素的探讨

结合天然气和重油作燃料在玻璃窑内燃烧的不同点,针对天然气燃烧的火焰特性,从结构、选材及生产运行等方面对影响蓄热室寿命的因素进行了探讨.