纳米材料复合泡沫缓速酸协同增效作用的研究

为了增加酸化压裂过程中酸液的刻蚀距离,增强作业效果,由纳米SiO_2和表面活性剂YEP-1和20%HCl制备了高效纳米泡沫缓速酸体系,研究纳米材料的表面性能、粒径等因素对表面活性剂在盐酸溶液中发泡性能的影响,测试了复合酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学参数和溶蚀速率。结果表明,采用粒径为20 nm的亲水型SiO_2纳米材料作为稳泡剂效果最佳,并使用两性表面活性剂YFP-1作为起泡剂,当SiO_2和YFP-1的质量分数分别为体系总质量0.5%和1.0%时,酸液起泡体积明显减小,泡沫更加致密,半衰期显著增大,复合酸液体系配比为20%HCl+1.0%YFP-1+0.5%SiO_2时,显著降低了岩芯动态溶蚀速率,为实现深部酸化提供了技术支持。     

延长油田缓速酸酸化技术研究及应用

在油田开发中,酸化解堵技术是一项重要技术,在油田开发后期通过缓速酸酸化技术可以有效提升开采效率。主要针对延长油田在开发后期储层发生堵塞问题,通过相关研究优选出高性能的缓速酸液体系,能够提升注水开采效果,提升石油开采效率,促进石油行业的发展。     

缓速酸化技术的实验与应用

本文针对临盘油田在开发中后期储层发生深部堵塞,酸化有效率偏低的现象,通过室内研究,优选出高性能的缓速酸液体系:有机复合酸和低伤害酸,实验证明酸液体系具有与地层岩心反应速度慢、溶蚀率高,缓蚀性能强、与地层流体配伍性好等特点。并根据临盘油田地质特征,配套了适合的酸化工艺,大量现场应用证明,有机复合酸和低伤害酸对我厂砂岩油藏适应性强,对处于中后期开采阶段的砂岩油藏实施酸化作业,油井增油有效率高.     

二氧化氯、缓速酸复合酸化解堵技术

该技术利用强氧化剂二氧化氯和缓速酸有机复配，使药剂具有缓速能力强、溶蚀率高、穿透距离远；防止铁离子二次沉淀；可解除有机、无机物质双重堵塞；经室内实验评价，达到技术要求。通过对施工工艺优化使药剂充分发挥作用，对管柱腐蚀作用低，安全可靠；文章介绍了技术的药剂开发、室内评价及作用原理，现场实施，增注、增油效果显著。     

延长油田注水井缓速酸配方体系研究

针对延长油田传统酸化工艺存在酸岩反应速度快、穿透距离短、酸化效果差的缺点,开展缓速酸化技术研究,优化缓速酸化配方和注入参数。通过主剂、成垢离子抑制剂、增渗剂、黏土稳定剂、缓蚀剂等的复配、筛选和优化,研制出一种适合高温环境的综合性能良好的缓速酸配方。研究表明：该配方体系对天然岩心的渗透率提高20.5%,具有良好的缓蚀和增渗性能。     

适用于碳酸盐岩储层复合有机缓速酸液体系研究

针对碳酸盐岩油气藏在使用常规酸化措施施工时存在管柱腐蚀严重,酸岩反应速率过快,二次沉淀污染等问题,通过室内实验,优选出了合适的主体酸、缓蚀剂、助排剂和铁离子稳定剂,研制出一套适合碳酸盐岩储层的新型复合有机缓速酸液体系。室内评价了该酸液体系的各项性能指标,结果表明,该酸液体系具有良好的缓速性能、较低的腐蚀速率以及较低的表面张力。岩心模拟酸化实验结果表明,复合有机缓速酸液体系对目标气田储层天然岩心的基质渗透率改善率大于170%,基质酸化效果好于普通盐酸。说明优选的复合有机缓速酸液体系对目标气田储层具有显著的改善作用,可以应用于现场酸化增产作业。     

AN-2型复合氧化缓速酸的研究与应用

针对孤东油田注聚高压井酸化解堵措施中存在的二次污染和出砂等问题，研制并应用了AN-2型复合氧化缓速酸。本文主要介绍了该缓速酸的基本作用原理、性能评价和现场应用情况。实践证明该缓速酸具有穿透深度大、解堵能力强、缓速、低伤害等优点，能达到深部解堵、防止出砂、实现降压增注的目的。     

几种常用酸液的缓速性能研究

常规酸化施工过程中,酸岩反应速率快,酸液穿透距离短,只能消除近井地带造成的伤害,酸化效果不理想。以HCl、HF、土酸等常规酸与甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸等有机酸进行复配,通过测定酸岩反应溶失率,确定了三种高溶失率酸液体系:8%HF+2%甲酸、8%HF+2%甲酸+0.15%柠檬酸、10%HCl+8%HF+2%甲酸+0.15%柠檬酸;通过酸液添加剂优选及缓速性能评价,最终确定了两种缓速酸配方体系:8%HF+2%甲酸+1%缓蚀剂(WD-11)+1%铁离子稳定剂(WD-8)+1%助排剂(WD-12)+1%黏土稳定剂(WD-5);8%HF+2%甲酸+0.15%柠檬酸+1%缓蚀剂(WD-11)+1%铁离子稳定剂(WD-8)+1%助排剂(WD-12)+1%黏土稳定剂(WD-5),具有较好的缓速效果。     

SiO2纳米颗粒对水相泡沫稳定性的影响

采用SiO_2纳米颗粒分别与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、非离子表面活性剂十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯（3）醚（AEO-3）复配制备水相泡沫,研究了发泡体积、半衰期和微观结构的变化规律,以揭示SiO_2纳米颗粒对水相泡沫稳定性的影响机理。结果表明,在表面活性剂质量分数一定的条件下,随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增加,泡沫稳定性逐渐增强,当纳米颗粒质量分数为0.3%时,发泡体积达最大值,含气率分别为78.9%,78.4%和78.8%。与单组分质量分数分别为0.3%,0.3%和15%的SDS、CTAB、AEO-3体系相比,发泡体积未受影响,半衰期分别为9.0,8.2和360?min,提高了20%,28.1%和71.4%,泡沫的稳定性得到了不同程度的改善。     

阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫的研究

以聚醚4110为主要原料,研究了阻燃聚酯(或聚醚)多元醇、反应型阻燃剂和添加型阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬质泡沫(RPUF)综合性能的影响。结果表明,阻燃多元醇、反应型阻燃剂的使用对RPUF阻燃性能都有一定的改善作用,添加型阻燃剂的引入则可大幅提高RPUF的阻燃性能,只是固体粉末阻燃剂的添加与阻燃多元醇和反应型阻燃剂相比对泡沫体的压缩强度影响较大。     

Synergistic scale inhibition of polyaspartic acid composite with magnetic field

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) composite, a scale inhibitor, was prepared from PASP, itaconic acid—acrylic acid—acrylic ester (IA-AA-AE) terpolymer and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA). The scale inhibition of PASP composite and the effect of its synergism with a magnetic field on scale inhibition were investigated. Calcium carbonate crystals in scale samples were characterized by means of SEM and XRD. The static and dynamic experiments show that the chelating function of PASP composite for Ca²⁺ can be enhanced by synergism with a magnetic field. Under Ca²⁺ 650 mg/L, HCO ₃ ⁻ 1,300 mg/L and PASP composite 4 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate of PASP composite in magnetic water can increase by 10% in static state and by 20% in dynamic experiments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that calcite and aragonite can be completely transformed into vaterite by using PASP composite. Translated from Petrochemical Technology, 2006, 35(9): 891–895 [译自: 石油化工]     

可聚合有机强酸/硫酸复合固化剂及其酚醛泡沫

将苯酚在适当过量的浓硫酸中磺化得到粗产物直接配制成可聚合有机强酸(苯酚磺酸)/硫酸复合固化剂用于酚醛树脂发泡,测定了不同n(苯酚)∶n(硫酸)下苯酚的磺化率、分析了粗产物的组成;研究了不同n(苯酚)∶n(硫酸)得到的粗产物配制的复合固化剂对酚醛泡沫体pH值及其结构与性能的影响。结果表明,可聚合有机强酸/硫酸复合固化剂在催化固化反应的同时,参与固化反应,以化学键连接在酚醛树脂中,减少了对基材腐蚀。泡沫体在保证基本性能的前提下,其pH值达到5.4。     

硼酸锌在膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS中的协同作用

采用熔融共混法制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)/硼酸锌(ZB)无卤阻燃复合材料。利用热重分析仪、氧指数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了ZB对复合材料热失重行为、阻燃性能、微观结构及力学、加工性能的影响。较低含量的ZB与IFR存在较好的阻燃协同作用,且ZB可促进IFR成炭,使ABS/IFR复合材料的氧指数及其残炭量分别由未加ZB时的27.4%、21.29%提高到30.1%和23.05%。ZB的加入能够提高ABS/IFR复合材料的弯曲性能和加工性能,但对复合材料的冲击、拉伸性能产生了不利影响。     

纳米材料的制备

纳米材料的制备在当前材料科学研究中占据极为重要的位置,新的材料制备工艺和过程的研究对纳米材料的微观结构和性能具有重要的影响。制备出清洁、成分可控、高密度(不含微孔隙)的粒度均匀的纳米材料是制备合成工艺研究的目标。因此,如何控制及减少纳米材料尤其是界面的化学成分及均匀性、以及如何控制晶粒尺寸分布是制备工艺研究的主要课题。纳米材料的制备不外乎化学和物理两类方法。1　纳米材料的化学制备11　溶胶凝胶法[1]溶胶凝胶法是制备材料的湿化学方法中较为重要的一种,它提供在常温常压下合成无机陶瓷、玻璃等材料的新途径。其初…     

Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite on flame‐retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam

A series of flame retarding rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites based on expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) were prepared by the one‐pot method. The properties were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real‐time Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (RT‐FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The results indicate that both EG and AHP could enhance the flame retardency of RPUF composites. Besides, the flame retardant effect of EG was better than that of AHP. The results also show that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the flame retardency of RPUF, and EG and AHP presented an excellent synergistic effect on flame retardancy. What is more, compared with RPUF/20EG and RPUF/20AHP, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of RPUF/15EG/5AHP were lower.TGA results indicate that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the char residue which provided better flame retardancy for RPUF composites. The thermal degradation process of RPUF composites and the chemical component of the char residue were investigated by RT‐FT‐IR and XPS. And the results prove that RPUF/15EG/5AHP had higher heat resistance in the later stage. Compared with the RPUF composites filled with EG, a better cell structure and mechanical properties were observed with the substitution of AHP for part of EG. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42842.     

Synergistic effect of organically modified zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide in intumescent flame‐retarding polypropylene composites containing melamine phytate and dipentaerythritol

In this article, an organically modified zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide (OLDH) was prepared by a facile and effective method. The aim for preparing and decorating LDH is to improve the dispersion of OLDH particles in polypropylene (PP). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra have verified the feasibility for preparing OLDH. In contrast with LDH, the hydrophobicity of OLDH was obviously changed after introduction of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Together with melamine phytate/dipentaerythritol (MPA/DPER), OLDH was introduced into PP by melt blending. Surprisingly, the synergistic effect of OLDH and MPA/DPER was obviously found in flame‐retarding PP. When the content of MPA/DPER and OLDH are 27 phr and 3 phr, the limiting oxygen index value of PP composites is 30.5% and samples can pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the participation of OLDH can further enhance the thermal stability of PP/MPA/DPER. Moreover, the surface morphology and chemical structure of PP composites after combustion were systematically analyzed by optical photos, SEM, FTIR spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, respectively. The results reveal that the reinforcing effect of OLDH for char layers structure becomes the main reason for improving the flame retardancy of PP composites. Based on abovementioned analysis, a potential synergistic flame retardant mechanism was primarily proposed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2301–2312, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

具有吸附作用的酸液缓速外加剂FL-1的研制

针对目前常规酸液缓速外加剂普遍存在泵入地层困难,二次伤害大等问题,从分子结构出发,合成了一种具有吸附作用的酸液缓速外加剂。采用CO2气体采集装置对外加剂延缓酸岩反应性能和缓速酸液的黏度进行了评价。结果表明,外加剂质量分数为0.5%时,缓速时间为140 min,酸液初始黏度为4.5 m Pa·s;酸岩反应过程中随着盐质量浓度和转子转速的逐渐增大,酸液缓速外加剂仍具有较好的缓速效果,并且外加剂与其他处理剂配伍性良好。     

Synergistic effect of dodecyl sulfonate on apatite flotation with fatty acid collector

The synergistic effects between sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and a mixed fatty acids collector for apatite flotation were investigated. SDS benefitted the apatite flotation at pH 9.5. The TOC measurements showed that the addition of SDS improved the surfactants adsorption at the apatite surface. The colloidal size measurements suggested that the utilizing of SDS prevented the over-packing of fatty acids in the solution. Additionally, SDS did not adsorb/co-adsorb at the apatite surface as revealed by the FTIR and XPS results, because of the strong electrostatic repulsion between the apatite surface and the SDS ions.