多基线数据融合的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计

提出了一种双基地MIMO雷达角度估计方法。在发射端利用ESPRIT算法获取长短基线的旋转不变因子,通过联合对角化提高离开角度(DOD)的估计精度。根据已估计的DOD,采用迭代算法得到接收导向矢量。针对等距线阵和非等距线阵,分别提出了基于范德蒙矩阵特性和解模糊的多基线联合到达角度(DOA)估计方法,避免了两维搜索且角度自动配对。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的DOA和DOD估计方法

结合分布式阵列和双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达的特点, 提出了一种新的双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的接收角(Direction of Arrival, DOA)和发射角(Direction of Departure, DOD)估计方法.根据发射阵列和接收阵列的空域旋转不变特性, 利用旋转不变估计技术(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT)获取无模糊DOA粗估计和高精度周期性模糊的DOA、DOD精估计; 再利用无模糊DOA粗估计、目标的双基地距离信息以及双基地MIMO雷达的几何特点, 解除DOA、DOD精估计的周期性模糊, 得到高精度且无模糊的DOA和DOD估计.最后, 根据ESPRIT算法原理和估计误差的概率统计特性进行算法的性能分析, 给出算法基线模糊门限的近似计算方法.该算法有效地放宽了发射阵列孔径扩展程度的限制, 从而提高了阵列在大孔径下的角度估计精度, 且能够实现DOA和DOD估计的自动配对.仿真结果验证了所提算法和性能分析方法的有效性.     

Novel angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar using an improved MUSIC

In this article, we study the problem of angle estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and propose an improved multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of angles obtained from the signal subspace and uses the local one-dimensional peak searches to achieve the joint estimations of DOD and DOA. The angle estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm, and is almost the same as that of two-dimensional MUSIC. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be suitable for irregular array geometry, obtain automatically paired DOD and DOA estimations, and avoid two-dimensional peak searching. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and improvement of the algorithm.     

DOA ESTIMATION FOR WIDEBAND SOURCES BASED ON UCA

A new Direction Of Arrival （DOA） estimation algorithm for wideband sources based on Uniform Circular Array （UCA） is presented via analyzing widcband performance of the general ESPRIT. The algorithm effectively improves the wideband performance of ESPRIT based on the interpolation principium and UCA-ESPRIT. The simulated results by computer demonstrate its efficiency.     

Two-dimensional ESPRIT with tracking for radar imaging and feature extraction

Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) appears to be the best of the known spectral-analysis methods. It has the highest resolution, has no spectral splatter and is robust in the presence of noise. It answers immediately and explicitly the question "What frequencies, real or complex, are present and what are their amplitudes?" Fourier methods (and other high-resolution methods), answer the less direct question "What amplitudes, applied to a set of regularly-spaced real frequencies, best represent the data?" They then present the problem of interpreting the amplitudes. These attributes of ESPRIT, in the two-dimensional (2-D) version described here, make it a natural for radar signal processing, where it answers the need for high-resolution imaging, free of sidelobes in range and range rate, and for high-fidelity feature extraction. The paper starts with the mathematical data model, describes a "resampling" procedure to fit the data better to the model, summarizes the 2-D ESPRIT algorithm itself, and presents examples of its performance. The paper covers the details of this least-squares version of ESPRIT, including an enhancement that allows the scatterers to be tracked individually. The algorithm properly distinguishes between scatterers having one coordinate in common, and it automatically pairs correctly the range and range-rate of each scatterer.     

CS quadrilinear model-based angle estimation for MIMO radar with electromagnetic vector sensors

In order to estimate the angles for bistatic MIMO radar with electromagnetic vector sensors, we link the compressed sensing (CS) theory with quadrilinear model, and propose a novel angle estimation algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the received data is firstly arranged into a quadrilinear model and then it is compressed according to the compressed sensing theory. We then perform quadrilinear decomposition on the compressed quadrilinear data model via the quadrilinear alternating least square (QALS) algorithm and finally obtain the automatically paired angle estimates with sparsity. Owing to compression, the proposed algorithm has smaller storage requirement and lower computational complexity than the conventional quadrilinear decomposition-based algorithm. Moreover, our algorithm has higher angle estimation accuracy than the estimation signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm and its estimation performance is close to that of the conventional quadrilinear decomposition-based algorithm. Our proposed algorithm needs neither additional pair matching, nor spectral peak searching, and it can be applied to both uniform and non-uniform arrays. Effectiveness of our proposed algorithm is assessed through various simulation results.     

一种低复杂度的ESPRIT新算法

该文提出了一种基于QR分解的Power-ESPRIT (以下简称QP-ESPRIT算法) 新算法。首先使用采样数据协方差矩阵的幂(Power)获得噪声子空间的估计,然后对噪声子空间进行QR分解并使用R矩阵估计信源个数,提出了无特征分解的信源个数检测算法SDWED算法。进而,信号子空间的特征向量就可以由Q矩阵确定,从而应用ESPRIT算法获得信源波达方向的估计。该算法不需要预先知道信源个数的先验知识以及分离信号与噪声特征值的门限。在确定信源个数和子空间估计的同时,本文算法与传统的基于奇异值分解算法相比,具有近似性能时却拥有较低的计算复杂度。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

An ESPRIT-like algorithm for coherent DOA estimation based on data matrix decomposition in MIMO radar

A direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for coherent sources is presented for MIMO radar. It uses symmetrical array mode for both the transmit and receive arrays and reconstructs a special data matrix from the range-compressed receive data. In the reconstructed matrix, the signal term is a Toeplitz matrix with the rank only related to the DOAs of the signals and independent with their coherency. Taking the noise term into account, the average method of multiple pulses is utilized to obtain the signal and noise subspaces. And then the DOA can be resolved via the SVD-based ESPRIT algorithm. Furthermore, the presented method is also useful in spatial colored noise scenario for MIMO radar. Theoretical and numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

宽带信号下的双基地MIMO雷达收发角估计

针对双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达收发角联合估计问题,利用信号的循环平稳特性,构造宽带循环平稳信号下接收数据的循环自相关矩阵。对矩阵进行特征值分解,利用MUSIC, ESPRIT等空间谱估计算法估计出信号的收发角。宽带信号能够携带更多的信息量,利于不断增加的实际需求,而信号的循环平稳特性能够很好地抗干扰以及消除高斯噪声带来的影响。实验仿真结果表明,算法在宽带循环平稳信号下具有良好的角度估计性能。     

Multi-invariance ESPRIT-like algorithms for coherent DOA estimation

Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique(ESPRIT) algorithm can estimate Direction-Of-Arrival(DOA) of coherent signal,but its performance can not reach full satisfaction.We reconstruct the received signal to form data model with multi-invariance property,and multi-invariance ESPRIT algorithm for coherent DOA estimation is proposed in this paper.The proposed algorithm can resolve the DOAs of coherent signals and performs better in DOA estimation than that of ESPRIT-like algorithm.Me...     

DOD and DOA estimation using the spatial smoothing in MIMO radar with the EmV sensors

This paper deals with the directions of departure (DOD) and directions of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent and noncoherent targets in bistatic MIMO radar with the electromagnetic vector (EmV) sensors. The high-resolution eigenspace-based methods such as, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), multiple signal classification, etc., fails to estimate DOD and DOA of fully or partially correlated targets. In order to employ these methods, a new pre-processing method is developed based on the spatial smoothing in MIMO radar with the EmV sensors. Then, the directions are estimated using the ESPRIT algorithm. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the estimation-accuracy and resolution-capability of the proposed approach, and to compare with no pre-processing and the existing method. The simulation result shows that, the proposed methodology improves the performance significantly.     

COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ESPRIT METHOD FOR DIRECTION FINDING

In this paper,a low complexity ESPRIT algorithm based on power method and Orthogo- nal-triangular (QR) decomposition is presented for direction finding,which does not require a priori knowledge of source number and the predetermined threshold (separates the signal and noise ei- gen-values).Firstly,according to the estimation of noise subspace obtained by the power method,a novel source number detection method without eigen-decomposition is proposed based on QR de- composition.Furthermore,the eigenvectors of signal subspace can be determined according to Q matrix and then the directions of signals could be computed by the ESPRIT algorithm.To determine the source number and subspace,the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm is approximated as (2log_2 n 2.67)M~3,where n is the power of covariance matrix and M is the number of array ele- ments.Compared with the Single Vector Decomposition (SVD) based algorithm,it has a substantial computational saving with the approximation performance.The simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness.     

基于最小冗余线阵的共轭循环ESPRIT算法

本文提出了一种基于最小冗余线阵的共轭循环ESPRIT算法。理论分析和计算机仿真实验均表明:该算法具有良好的DOA估计性能,增大了阵列孔径,抗噪能力强,分辨率高,可以用较少的阵元估计更多的信号源方向。计算机仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,并比较了该算法与共轭循环ESPRIT算法的DOA估计性能。     

新的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计方法

为降低双基地MIMO雷达前端数据处理的计算量,构造出了“扩展”信号子空间,并根据此信号子空间的特点,提出了多项式求根—空域滤波的收发角度估计算法,避免了二维谱搜索,实现了目标角度的自动配对,并推导了多目标和单目标下双基地MIMO雷达角度估计的克拉美罗下界（CRB）。研究表明空域滤波时,泰勒级数展开的阶数越高,目标的角度估计精度越好;当目标各发射角度相隔较近时,仍能得到较好的估计结果;在低信噪比时,估计精度优于ESPRIT算法,在高信噪比时,2种算法的估计精度均接近于CRB。     

基于数据共轭重排的修正ESPRIT信号DOA估计算法

本文介绍了将接收数据共轭重排的再利用,构造相关矩阵的修正ESPRIT算法.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该算法同经典的ESPRIT算法相比,在快拍次数有限时,可明显改善信号DOA估计的性能,且其计算量二者基本相当.     

Joint angle and Doppler frequency estimation of coherent targets in monostatic MIMO radar

This paper discusses the problem of joint direction of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequency estimation of coherent targets in a monostatic multiple-input multiple-output radar. In the proposed algorithm, we perform a reduced dimension (RD) transformation on the received signal first and then use forward spatial smoothing (FSS) technique to decorrelate the coherence and obtain joint estimation of DOA and Doppler frequency by exploiting the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm. The joint estimated parameters of the proposed RD-FSS-ESPRIT are automatically paired. Compared with the conventional FSS-ESPRIT algorithm, our RD-FSS-ESPRIT algorithm has much lower complexity and better estimation performance of both DOA and frequency. The variance of the estimation error and the Cramer–Rao Bound of the DOA and frequency estimation are derived. Simulation results show the effectiveness and improvement of our algorithm.     

一种改进的ESPRIT方法

提出一种改进型的ESPRIT算法,对传统ESPRIT算法作以改进,提高了ESPRIT方法的性能,在小信噪比、多信号源的情况下提高了算法的测角精度.通过计算机仿真对改进算法的效果作了验证,验证了算法的有效性.     

Nested algorithms for joint DOD and DOA estimation in bistatic MIMO radar

This paper presents two nested algorithms—one based on the Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) algorithm and the other one on the maximum likelihood estimation—for joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar. Both of the proposed nested algorithms interweaves signal grouping schemes and DOD/DOA estimation. Thereby, in each stage only DODs or DOAs, but not both, need to be estimated, and thus the complexity called for can be reduced. Also, the signals in each group have close DOAs, yet diverse DODs, and vice versa, so both DODs and DOAs can be precisely estimated even some of them are very close. Additionally, the estimated DODs and DOAs are automatically paired together without extra computations. Also, for the proposed nested-ML, a non-iterative importance sampling-based ML estimator is developed which is ensured to attain global optimum. Simulation results show that the proposed nested-ESPRIT can provide competing performance, yet with much lower complexity compared with the main state-of-the-art works; whereas, nested-ML can reach the Cramer–Rao lower bound with slightly higher complexity.     

Unitary ESPRIT: how to obtain increased estimation accuracy with areduced computational burden

ESPRIT is a high-resolution signal parameter estimation technique based on the translational invariance structure of a sensor array. Previous ESPRIT algorithms do not use the fact that the operator representing the phase delays between the two subarrays is unitary. The authors present a simple and efficient method to constrain the estimated phase factors to the unit circle, if centro-symmetric array configurations are used. Unitary ESPRIT, the resulting closed-form algorithm, has an ESPRIT-like structure except for the fact that it is formulated in terms of real-valued computations throughout. Since the dimension of the matrices is not increased, this completely real-valued algorithm achieves a substantial reduction of the computational complexity. Furthermore, Unitary ESPRIT incorporates forward-backward averaging, leading to an improved performance compared to the standard ESPRIT algorithm, especially for correlated source signals. Like standard ESPRIT, Unitary ESPRIT offers an inexpensive possibility to reconstruct the impinging wavefronts (signal copy). These signal estimates are more accurate, since Unitary ESPRIT improves the underlying signal subspace estimates. Simulations confirm that, even for uncorrelated signals, the standard ESPRIT algorithm needs twice the number of snapshots to achieve a precision comparable to that of Unitary ESPRIT. Thus, Unitary ESPRIT provides increased estimation accuracy with a reduced computational burden     

基于QR-RPCA的双基地MIMO雷达参数估计方法

针对冲击噪声下因接收信号二阶及以上矩不存在而产生性能恶化的问题,提出一种基于QR分解和鲁棒性主成分分析法(QR-RPCA)的双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达参数估计方法。针对RPCA算法适用于实数矩阵处理的情况,先将复数信号转化为实数;然后根据冲击噪声的稀疏特点与目标信号矩阵的低秩特点,利用QR-RPCA算法将低秩信号矩阵从受冲击噪声污染的接收信号中提取出来,并直接得到信号子空间,该算法避免了传统RPCA算法中的大规模奇异值分解,时间复杂度有所降低;最后根据信号子空间并利用旋转不变信号参数估计技术(ESPRIT)对目标方位进行估计。理论与仿真表明,本文算法相较于其他消除冲击噪声的算法,对于低特征指数的冲击噪声具有更好的估计性能。