高档卫生洁具釉用熔块的研制

主要介绍了高档卫生洁具釉用熔块的技术路线及过程研制。重点研究了原料质量控制、熔块工艺流程、熔块在釉中实验及坯釉结合性能等,并对结果进行分析,最后提出了生产过程中的具体建议。     

三氧化二铬对琉璃瓦釉呈色影响的研究

叙述了琉璃瓦釉熔块的配料及熔制过程，按照熔块与三氧化二铬的不同比例配制了釉料，探讨了三氧化二铬在琉璃瓦釉中的呈色特点，获得了红色琉璃瓦釉和黄色琉璃瓦釉的最佳配方。     

水晶釉熔块的制备

制备了适于釉面砖使用的两种水晶釉熔块。用XRD、TG-DTA等测定了熔块的主要性质。讨论了影响熔块质量的工艺因素。     

钻砂釉面砖的研制

本文主要叙述了钻砂釉面砖的研制内容,重点研究具有高光发射效果的熔块颗粒及面釉,并通过控制面釉和熔块颗粒的熔融性能。采用淋釉技术,将熔块颗粒均匀分布于面釉表面,经过煅烧,熔块颗粒形成丘陵状凸起,利用丘陵状凸起的光滑表面,对外加光源产生点状反射,使釉面砖的产品表面发出如碎钻砂状般闪烁星光的特殊装饰效果。     

熔块.水.釉缺陷

本文叙述了熔块与水间的相互作用及其对釉浆流变性和烧成后釉的性能的影响。指出了熔块溶解所形成的Si—OH,是造成快烧熔块釉产生气泡、针孔等缺陷的根源之一。     

低温水晶釉熔块的研制

在建筑卫生陶瓷制造技术日益成熟的今天，建筑陶瓷的发展，从工艺上讲就是表面装饰技术的发展。墙地砖从普通乳白釉，丝网印花彩釉砖，抛光砖、渗彩砖，到水晶砖无不是表面装饰技术发展的产物。而表面装饰技术发展的关键在于工艺技术的改进和装饰新材料的开发和应用。水晶釉面砖是装饰技术发展的结果，水晶釉所用水晶釉熔块，就是区别于传统釉用熔块的一种。目前市面上所售水晶釉熔块适用的使用温度范围为1070～1150℃，适用的窑炉为明焰辊道窑。本文研究的是温度适用范围为980～1050℃,适用窑炉为明焰辊道窑及煤烧隔焰辊道窑的水晶釉熔块。…     

透明熔块和透明釉配方优化设计的研究

研究了一些氧化物对熔块和熔块釉的透明度、光泽度和熔融温度的影响。研究表明熔块配方中AI2O3、ZnO对釉层中的液相分相产生明显影响,而B2O3、CaO、ZnO则对釉的光泽度影响较大。通过配方优化设计数据的分析,可获得使釉中液相分相倾向最低的优质熔块配方。     

高档日用瓷用无铅釉的研制

简述了无铅釉的发展历史及研究现状；指出了含铅日用瓷对人体造成的危害；列出了各国家对日用陶瓷制品铅溶出量的标准。在此基础上，通过选用适当的矿物及化工原料，确定了无铅釉熔块配方。釉烧烧成温度1090℃，烧成周期2h。釉面效果良好，其性能指标满足国标的要求。     

关于釉面砖生产如何选择哑光釉问题的答疑

在哑光釉面砖生产中,有的使用熔块哑光釉,有的使用生料哑光釉,不知两者有何差别?在使用时如何选取?答:这二种材料在生产中都经常使用,两者各有优缺点,在生产中要根据厂家的实际生产情况加以选择:(1)熔块哑光釉的稳定性比生料哑光釉好,因为生料釉原料波动对釉面效果影响较大。(2)对于窑炉的适应性,生料哑光釉比熔块哑光釉好。生料釉可以根据窑炉情况调整配方,而熔块釉调整的手段很有限。(3)如果生产有色哑光釉面砖,熔块哑光釉容易导致釉面变色或发色不全;而生料哑光釉的发色则很好,因为使用生料釉可以把影响发色的组分去掉。(4)生料釉的膨胀…     

低成本快速烧成硼锆乳浊釉的研究

通过设计合理组成,用硼镁石精矿取代硼砂、硼酸,制得了高钙含量熔块。将３５％－４５％的上述熔块用于配制１１００－１１５０℃烧成的墙地砖乳浊釉,可以大大减少超细硅酸锆的使用量,降低生产成本,本文用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＳＥＭ等手段对熔块及成釉的性能进行了分析研究。     

晶雕堆花装饰环保型高档陶瓷内墙砖的研制

文中简要说明了晶雕堆花装饰环保型陶瓷内墙砖的特点及其研制开发的意义，介绍了无铅干粒釉的制备方法及性能特征，详细阐述了晶雕堆花装饰的加工工艺过程。     

利用硼镁石研制釉面砖乳浊生料釉

本文利用硼镁石研制出了釉面砖用SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O系乳浊生料釉，用这种生料釉代替现在普遍使用的硼锆熔块釉，具有工艺简单，成本低，消耗少等优点。     

Chemical hardening of glazed porcelain tiles

Glazed ceramic tiles are used for wall and floor covering thanks to their high resistance to chemicals attacks, although big efforts should be done to increase their surfaces resistance to mechanical stresses. This study investigates the applicability of a well-known glass hardening process to glazed ceramic tiles following a rational design based on Design of Experiments technique. A Mixture Design has been carried out to formulate new frits compositions to enhance the ion-exchange process, starting from a commercial product. Vickers Hardness and SEM-EDS techniques have been employed to evaluate the frits and elaborate the model. Results suggest that frits for ceramic tiles are positively affected by ion-exchange process only if an appropriate combination of ions in the starting composition is present, establishing a new category of frit formulations suitable for that purpose. The results have been confirmed employing the optimized frit for the glazing of porcelain stoneware.     

陶瓷熔块制备过程中的机械力化学效应及其对釉面性能的影响

在行星振动球磨机中粉磨陶瓷熔块用料，机械力化学效应使熔块熔融温度由１６８３Ｋ降至１６４８Ｋ和１６０３Ｋ，同时改善了釉面性能。粉磨时使用了几种助磨剂。     

A PORCELAIN AT CONE 31

A body of the composition: clay 60%, frit 30%. and flint 10%. was mixed and ground until it passed a 200-mesh. It was cast, dried in the open air, biscuited to cone 08, glazed, and finished at cone 3. An excellent translucency and color resulted.     

THE USE OF AUXILIARY FLUXES IN DINNERWARE BODIES*

A plant and laboratory study was made of the use of frits as auxiliary fluxes in dinnerware bodies. The frits were added to a commercial earthenware body. Seven-inch plates of these bodies were jiggered, fired, and glazed at the pottery. Some practical difficulties encountered were as follows: (1) Due to the progressive solubility of the frits, even when this solubility was slight and only 2 to 4% of the frit was used, the slip was deflocculated and the plasticity of the body was destroyed. This trouble apparently was overcome by using a slight excess of hydrochloric acid in the body slip. (2) The ware of the bodies containing frit warped more than the normal body, especially in the glost fire. Results of tests of the slips, bodies, and ware are presented.     

Compositional modifications to floor tile glazes opacified with zircon

Abstract

In the ceramic tile industry opaque glazes with considerable zircon content are widely used. However, the high cost of zircon limits its wide use in relevant glaze compositions. In the present study, a model opaque glaze was modified by changing the alumina/silica ratio, adding potassium oxide, or using a higher content of opaque frit while gradually eliminating the zircon content in the glaze batch. After glaze preparation, application, and single firing of glazed floor tiles under industrial conditions glazes were characterised by XRD, SEM, and EDX. The optimum alumina/silica ratio was found to be 0·26. Colour parameters L, a, and b of starting and final glazes showed that an increase in opaque frit content gives more positive improvement in opacity and in dry abrasion resistance than potassium oxide addition. Removal of zircon from the glazes resulted in a decrease of ～13–18% in glaze cost without detrimental effect on opacity.     

Chemical reaction between lead-free multicomponent alkali borosilicate glass frit and hematite during heat treatment

A mixture of a lead-free multicomponent alkali borosilicate glass frit containing zinc ions and hematite was heat-treated under various conditions to elucidate the reaction between the two components, which is essentially important for controlling the color of red overglaze enamels. Above the glass transition temperature, the interaction between the frit fluid and hematite was evident, as the viscosity of the frit decreased. Moreover, hematite dissolved, the iron ions diffused into the glass matrix and they precipitated on residual hematite, resulting in enhanced crystal growth through Ostwald ripening. Concurrently, the iron and zinc ions reacted to form zinc ferrite. During cooling, the supersaturated iron ions were consumed for precipitation of hematite and zinc ferrite. Because frit and hematite dramatically react during heat treatment, conventional modification of hematite alone is insufficient. Development of the frit exhibiting low reactivity toward hematite through precise control of physical properties is a future challenging issue.     

环保型晶雕堆花装饰在高档骨质瓷中应用的研究

文中简要介绍了高档骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的特点,通过实验研究获得了适合晶雕堆花装饰的骨质瓷无铅坯釉配方,开发出了用于骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的无铅干粒釉和釉膏,介绍了高档骨质瓷晶雕堆花装饰的加工工艺过程。     

含氧化铈光泽釉的结晶行为

The crystallization behavior of a luster glaze containing ceria has been investigated. When glazed specimens were sintered at 1100℃, crystalline ceria particles were precipitated preferentially with (100) planes parallel to the specimen surface with the size of around 200 nm. The particle population in the surface region was much higher than inside glaze, coveringover 60% of the specimen surface area. Crystallization of the particles with preferred orientation was promoted, after the removal of internal interface through complete melting of the frit particles. The luster effect seems to result from CeO2 particles of high refractive index, their strong light scattering at visible range due to fine crystalline size 200 nm and their planar arrangement in the surface region.