水稻两用核不育系选育技术流程及应用研究：1994年8月22日收到

以农垦５９Ｓ、安农Ｓ－１、衡农Ｓ－１、５４６０Ｓ、赣ＩＳ、赣ⅡＳ及赣ⅢＳ及其衍生不育系为核不育基因供体，分别与灿、粳稻品种杂交转育、经分离选择，花药培养以及结合长日低（高）温、短日低（高）温的“加压”筛选鉴定，提出了一条以基因供体为基础，以生物技术为手段，以加压筛选为条件的快速、简便、准确，有效的选育技术流程。     

籼型光敏核不育系W9451S的选育和光温反应特性研究

１９９１年用８９０２Ｓ与金红２３１－８配组，后经高海拔长日低温、低海拔短日高温和人工气候室长光低温的交叉选择和鉴定，于１９９５年育成了籼型光敏核不育系Ｗ９４５１Ｓ。在武汉自然条件下，７月中旬至８月底为稳定不育期，大群体的遗传性稳定，花粉和自交不育度达９９．５％以上。经４个实验室的人工气候箱鉴定，育性转换的临界温度＜２４℃，育性具明显的光敏感特性，光敏温度范围为２３—２９℃。９月上、中旬转为可育，自然结实率为２０．３８—４４．６８％。３月２５日至７月１４日分期播种表明，播始历期１００—６７天，主茎叶片数为１５．６—１３．４片，生长发育弱感光、属长江流域的早熟中籼稻。开花顺畅，柱头外露率为５４．５４％。     

高海拔条件下选择实用型水稻光温敏雄性核不育系的可行性研究

以湖北省远安县苟家垭镇窑河村（北纬３１°１３′，东经１１１°２′，海拔５２５～５４０米）作为长日低温环境，进行了实用型水稻光温敏核不育系的选择和鉴定研究。参试材料有光敏型不育系ＮＫ５８Ｓ，低温敏型核不育系培矮６４５、ＨＮ５Ｓ和高温敏型不育系Ｗ６１５４Ｓ５、Ｗ８０１３Ｓ。试验方法是进行分期播种、连续观测小穗自交不育度，并同步观测气温。早稻类型的品种４月上旬播种，７月中旬可以齐穗，中、晚稻品种４月下旬播种，８月中、下旬可以齐穗。高温敏型的不育系在该点无明显的不育期，自交不育度在８０％左右，低温敏型的不育系基本保持稳定的不育。光敏型的ＮＫ５８Ｓ，敏感期处在２４℃以上时表现不育，２４℃以下时表现基本可育。当温度在２４℃上下波动时，育性也随之出现波动。研究结果初步认为，该点作为长日低温选择环境是可行的。早稻类型的材料可在７月中旬和８月中、下旬选择和鉴定，中、晚稻类型的材料可在８月中、下旬选择和鉴定。     

高海拔长日低温条件下选择水稻光温敏核不育系的效果和方法研究

在高海拔长日低温、低海拔日高温、低海拔长日高温和人工气候室长光低温条件下，进行了光温敏不育水稻分离世代的不育株出现频率以及选择实用型不育系的效果和选择方法的研究。     

光敏核不育籼稻 Hs-1 可育和不育幼穗 cDNA 文库的构建

分别取光敏核不育籼稻Ｈｓ－１在可育（１０ｈ／１７℃）和不育（１４ｈ／２７℃）条件下育性转换敏感期１—３ｃｍ幼穗为材料，以λＴｒｉｐｌＥｘ为载体，经离体包装构建成一对可育和不育ｃＤＮＡ文库，该文库具有构建快速、重组率高以及便于插入片段的亚克隆及其表达分析等特点。讨论了文库的应用前景，认为构建的两个文库用于筛选高丰度表达的光敏核不育基因是可行的。     

安衣S—1的温敏不育性在强感光性背景中的表达特性研究

为探讨水稻光敏不育性，温敏不育性及发育感光性之间的关系，将安衣Ｓ－１的温敏不育性转入发育感光性强的农垦５８中，选择其后代的育性转换株（系）并进行发育和育性光温反应特性鉴定。     

水稻光(温)敏核不育基因的定位分离、研究进展及对策

本文从经典遗传学的角度分析了水稻光（温）敏核不育性，认为在定位、分离光（温）核不育基因时，应尽可能选择受１对基因控制的不育系及其分离群体。对标记基因法、同工酶标记法和ＤＮＡ标记法进行光（温）核不育基因染色体定位的优缺点及其定位结果不一致的原因进行了探讨。比较了各种植物基因克隆技术在分离光（温）核不育基因上的优缺点，认为图谱分离法虽已有一定的基础，但要在距不育基因１ｃＭ范围内找到分子标记并克隆出此基     

安农S－1的温敏不育性在强感光性背景中的表达特性研究

为探讨水稻光敏不育性、温敏不育性及发育感光性之间的关系，将安农Ｓ－１的温敏不育性转入发育感光性强的农垦５８中，选择其后代的育性转换株（系）并进行发育和育性光温反应特性鉴定。结果表明：该组合中育性转换性不表现简单遗传，Ｆ２单株育性表现和分离比例复杂；温敏不育性能在发育感光性不同的遗传背景中表达，并获得了发育感光性强的温敏不育株；发育感光性强弱不改变温敏不育基因的基本特性，温敏不育性完全表达的临界温度高低亦与发育感光性无直接关系，而是受遗传背景的综合影响。     

航天应用中的低温贮存系统

航天应用中的低温贮存系统ＳｔｅｖｅＣｏｌａｐｒｅｔｅ低温工程已有效地应用于载人宇宙飞船，主要用于推进，以及（１）环境控制系统（氧气和氮气），提供呼吸气和控制舱加压、流速、宇宙飞行服冷却、湿度及纯化大气，（２）用于将Ｈ２和Ｏ２电催化化合所产生的能量转换...     

两步退火形成钛硅化物和氮化物研究

模拟自对硅化物技术的两退火工艺，对超高真空（ＵＨＶ）下制备的Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ样品依次进行低温退火、腐蚀和高温退火。利用俄歇微探针（ＡＥＳ）和Ｘ射线衍射的（ＸＲＤ）分析样品的组分及晶相、发现高温退火后，薄膜内同时生成了Ｔｉ的硅化物及氮化物，这对发展ＭＯＳ器件工艺中自对硅、氮化物技术很有意义。另外，还利用扫描电（ＳＥＭ）观察了薄膜形貌，用Ｖａｎ ｄｅ Ｐａｕｗ法测量薄膜电阻。     

球罐应力腐蚀开裂研究与安全性分析

对球罐应力腐蚀开裂的原因和主要影响因素进行了分析.针对16MnR和SPV50Q球罐用钢,在分析湿硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂形式的基础上,通过改进的WOL预裂纹试样的应力腐蚀开裂试验,对不同球罐用钢、不同硫化氢浓度、不同焊接状态条件下的应力腐蚀开裂进行了研究,并对设备的安全性能进行了分析,进而提出了防止应力腐蚀开裂的对策.     

The spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons measured with H.E.S.S.

The measurement of very-high-energy cosmic-ray electrons is intrinsically difficult due to the very steep electron spectrum with low fluxes and an enormous background of hadronic cosmic rays. The large collection areas needed for such a measurement can be provided by ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) has performed the first ground-based cosmic-ray electron measurement and thereby extended the measured range of the spectrum to several TeV. Here the H.E.S.S. measurement is presented, as well as an extension of the H.E.S.S. spectrum towards lower energies. At these energies, H.E.S.S. can probe recent ATIC measurements, which have been interpreted in terms of dark matter scenarios.     

The nature of CSH in model slag-cements

Model systems have been used in a large number of studies concerning the chemistry of the hydration of Portland cement. These have most commonly involved tricalcium silicate (C₃S) but C₃S has also been mixed with other components in studies on a variety of composite cements. This paper compares the nature of the CSH formed in real slag-cement blends with model systems involving C₃S. The hydration products and microstructural features present in the model and real systems are broadly similar. In both, the morphology of outer product (Op) CSH changes from ‘fibrillar’ to ‘foil-like’ as the slag content is increased. The Ca/(Si + Al) ratios of inner product (Ip) and Op CSH are similar in real slag-cements but are different in the model systems; the difference becomes a little less pronounced at higher slag content. The aluminosilicate anion structures of the CSH phases present in the model and real cements are similar with 90% slag but very different with 50% slag.     

硫化镉和硫化银与多壁碳纳米管复合材料合成的研究

本文以硝酸镉和硫脲为镉源和硫源,用溶剂热技术在乙二胺和水的混合溶剂中合成CdS/MWNTs复合材料;再以硝酸银和硫化钠为银源和硫源,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,以水为溶剂在室温下合成Ag2S/MWNTs复合材料并采用TEM、XRD对复合材料进行表征,结果表明:CdS纳米晶和Ag2S纳米粒子成功长到了多壁碳纳米...     

29Si MAS NMR study of the structure of calcium silicate hydrate

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive investigation of single-phase calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) with known compositions using the combined capabilities of ²⁹Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analysis of the solution and solid. CSH gels with C/S ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.85 have been synthesized by hydration of highly reactive β-C₂S and aqueous reaction of fumed silica with CaO and separately with highly reactive β-C₂S. The main findings include the following. (1) CSH shows continuity and diversity in both composition and structure and forms a continuous structural series. (2) Phase-pure CSH has C/S ratios between 0.6–1.54. (3) SiOH and CaOH bonds both occur in CSH, with the abundance of the former decreasing and that of the latter increasing with increasing C/S ratio. Model calculation indicates that there are between 0.13–0.43 SiOH bonds per tetrahedron and the CaOH/Ca ratio varies between nearly 0 and 0.64. An ideal formula for CSH with a C/S ratio of 1.5 is: Ca_4.5[Si₃O₈(OH)](OH)₄ · nH₂O. A defect-tobermorite structural model is proposed for CSH in which individual layers have the basic structure of 1.4-nm tobermorite but contain a significant concentration of defects and are more disordered. Stacking disorder between adjacent layer and disorder within individual layers may both contribute to the local and long-range disorder and thus to the diversity of CSH.     

Peter Simon Pallas und Karl Ernst von Baer—ihr Beitrag zur Zoologie im Spiegel unveröffentlichter Autographen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin

Early zoological researches by P.S. Pallas and K.E. von Baer in their letters to the zoologists of Berlin. The centenaries which are celebrated in 1991 and 1992 in memory of P.S. Pallas (1791) and K.E. von Baer (born 1792) caused the following studies of hitherto unpublished sources, preserved in the collections of the Museum für naturkunde in Berlin. The earliest zoological works of Pallas are discussed in relation to his last publication on the “Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica” which should have been finished in Berlin. Some years after the death of Pallas, Baer also contacted the Berlin zoologists K.A. Rudolphi and M.H. Lichtenstein, asking for help, when he was going to establish zoology and a zoological museum at the University of Königsberg.     

化学气相沉积ZnS块材料的均匀性

本文以Ｈ２Ｓ与Ｚｎ为原料，通过化学气相沉积制备了ＺｎＳ块材料。分析了ＺｎＳ的沉积过程机理，研究了沉积参数如沉积温度，沉积区压力和Ｈ２Ｓ、Ｚｎ蒸汽、载气Ａｒ流量对ＺｎＳ厚度均匀性的影响规律，提出了改善ＺｎＳ厚度均匀性，抑制沉积表面球状物生长的途径。     

基于卟啉及其衍生物的硫化氢检测进展

硫化氢既是有毒 物质又是生物体内重要气体信号分子,所以对硫化氢检测的研究十分重要。卟啉及其衍生物作为传感器材料,具有良好的化学稳定性和光学稳定性,与硫化氢结合后会产生光电变化,是检测硫化氢的优良材料。简述了硫化氢的检测手段、卟啉的性质以及卟啉与硫化氢的反应原理,并按照不同的传感器类别综述了卟啉在硫化氢检测中的应用,同时还对卟啉在硫化氢检测的应用领域进行了展望。     

Investigation into the stabilization/solidification performance of Portland cement through cement clinker phases

This research studied the influence of individual heavy metal on the hydration reactions of major cement clinker phases in order to investigate the performance of cement based stabilization/solidification (S/S) system. Tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) had been mixed with individual heavy metal hydroxide including Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2, respectively. The influences of these heavy metal hydroxides on the hydration of C3S and C3A have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC-TG). A mixture of Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 was blended with Portland cement (PC) and evaluated through compressive strength and dynamic leach test. XRD and DSC-TG data show that all the heavy metal hydroxides (Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2) have detrimental effects on the hydration of C3A, but only Zn(OH)2 does to the C3S at early curing ages which can completely inhibit the hydration of C3S due to the formation of CaO(Zn(OH)2).2H2O. Cu6Al2O8CO(3).12H2O, Pb2Al4O4(CO3)(4).7H2O and Zn6Al2O8CO(3).12H2O are formed in all the samples containing C3A in the presence of metal hydroxides. After adding CaSO4 into C3A, the detrimental effect of heavy metals increases due to the coating effect of both calcium aluminate sulphates and heavy metal aluminate carbonates. The influence of heavy metal hydroxide on the hydration of C3S and C3A can be used to predict the S/S performance of Portland cement.     

The prediction of environmental fate for trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF5CF3),a potent greenhouse gas

Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF(5)CF(3)), which is a newly discovered compound in the troposphere and chemically similar to SF(6), has been listed as a potent greenhouse gas because of its high global warming potential close to 20,000 and its long lifetime of about 800 years in the atmosphere. From the environmental and ecological points of view, it is urgent to understand the environmental fate of this unique material, including octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)), water solubility (S) and Henry's law constant (K(H)). This article aimed at introducing the greenhouse gas with strong radiative force in its physiochemical properties and potential uses, and predicting its environmental fate on the basis of available methods. The predicted value of log K(ow), which was obtained to be about 2.42 at 298.15K, revealed that it tends to be hydrophobic and partitioned into organic matter, or lipids (fatty tissue). From the predicted values of S and K(H), it was further showed that SF(5)CF(3) has exceptionally low solubility in water and extremely high vaporization from the water bodies. These predicted distribution properties have led to the suggestion that it will sink into the atmosphere if it is released into the environment.