Time Domain Shielding Properties of Conducting Cylindrical Shells

Transient shielding properties of a conducting cylindrical shell with; an EMP incident plane wave are obtained through numerical Fourier transforms of the frequeny domain solution. Anomilous resonances noted in the frequiency doman now convert to-time domain oscillations which may have significace for vulnerability studies.     

Attenuation of low-frequency electromagnetic fields in permeableand conducting chimneys

For practical reasons shielded rooms cannot be manufactured perfectly closed; openings are necessary to enable an exchange of data and transport of energy and air through the shielding walls. To avoid a severe degradation of the overall shielding efficiency, the openings are often equipped with tubes, sometimes also called chimneys. It is beyond the scope of this paper to perform an exact calculation of the total field excited by a special source distribution. However, analytical expressions for the decay constants of the electromagnetic field inside a permeable and conducting semi-infinite tube with rectangular cross section are derived. The decay constants of the different modes that are excited corresponding to the symmetry properties of the exciting field are compared to identify the dominant mode with the lowest decay constant. It characterizes the shielding efficiency     

Shielding effectiveness in terahertz domain of monolayer-doped polyaniline films

Experimental results of shielding effectiveness obtained at high frequency from several polyaniline films are presented. The study was made by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) between 0.1 and 4 THz. Five conducting films of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10% were characterised. Extracted conductivities allow quantitative analysis of the shielding capabilities in the THz range and a comparison between the theoretical and experimental behaviour of SE.     

Effective electromagnetic shielding of plastic packaging in low-cost optical transceiver modules

A low-cost plastic package of the standard 1 /spl times/ 9 type with effective electromagnetic (EM) shielding ability is developed. Optical transceiver modules with transmission rates of 155 Mb/s and 1.25 Gb/s are tested to evaluate the EM shielding against emitted radiation from the plastic packaging. The results show that the packaged optical transceiver modules exhibit shielding effectiveness (SE) of over 20 dB. The EM shielding properties of plastic materials consisting of nylon66 and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with carbon fiber reinforced are investigated. The effects of weight percentage of fibers, carbon fiber length, and material thickness on the SE of the plastic composites are studied both from the plane-wave and near-field sources approaches. The packaged plastic optical transceiver modules with their good SE are suitable for use in low-cost and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) Gigabit Ethernet lightwave transmission systems.     

Shielding Effectiveness Data on Commercial Thermoplastic Materials

Ten different commercially available conductive thermoplastic materials have been tested for near- and far-field shielding effectiveness (SE). Far-field SE was tested using a modified standard measurement technique to provide results comparable with the company-provided data. Further, housings of different thermoplastic materials were constructed and equipped with an electromagnetic interference (EMI) source to model a realistic near-field SE situation. The SE data up to 1 GHz is presented. Conductive thermoplastic materials with fillings of stainless steel fibers and nickel-coated carbon fibers were the two materials that offer the best far-field shielding performance. For the near-field shielding, two materials with filling of stainless steel fibers were the best performing ones. A thermoplastic with polycarbonate (PC) base and stainless steel content of 1.5 vol% showed the best combined far- and near-field shielding results     

Induced Currents and Charges on Thin Cylinders in a Time-Varying Electromagnetic

The distributions of current and charge induced on the surface of electrically thin metal cylinders by an external electromagnetic field are described by means of theoretically and experimentally determined graphs. Various possible standing-wave patterns are shown including some with unexpected properties such as the coincidence of current and charge minima. A knowledge of these distributions is essential to the determination of the shielding properties of imperfectly conducting cylinders and cylinders with small aperttires. It is also a prerequisite o an understanding of currents and charges on crossed metal cylinders including aircraft exposed to an electromagnetic pulse. The significance of the location of the junction in the standing-wave patterns is pointed out.     

Analysis of radiation from arbitrarily oriented wire antennas over imperfect ground (Sommerfeld formulation): SomArb

The program is for analysing radiation from antenna arrays of arbitrarily oriented thin-wire antennas over the plane surface of an imperfectly conducting earth. The solution is that obtained from the E-field integral equation by the method of moments. The effects of the imperfectly conducting earth are accounted for exactly by using the Sommerfeld formulation.     

Shielding effect of hollow chiral sphere

The low-frequency shielding effect of a spherical layer is studied. The layer is made of a chiral material and it is electromagnetically characterized with three material parameters: permittivity, permeability, and chirality. Due to chirality, there is magnetoelectric coupling. The electric and magnetic shielding effects are derived and are shown to be functions of the three material parameters and also the relative thickness of the layer. Illustrations display the effects of the various parameters on the shielding, which is different for the magnetic and electric fields. Among the special effects is that the shielding increases rapidly as the chirality parameter approaches the refractive index of the shell. This makes chiral shells in principle effective shields, and in the future they may offer an alternative to conducting materials for novel shielding applications     

运动薄壳体上电磁场平均边界条件

考虑到采用电磁场精确边界条件处理电磁屏蔽问题的复杂性,为简化电磁屏蔽边值问题的分析及计算,本文利用局部平面波近似法,导出了运动薄导体壳上电磁场的平均边界条件,计算结果表明用该边界条件完全可以取代电磁场的精确边界条件.     

Shielding properties of an ensemble of thin, infinitely long,parallel wires over a lossy half space

A determination of the total electric field produced by an ensemble of thin, infinitely long, parallel wire scatterers over a flat lossy half space illuminated by a plane wave whose polarization is parallel to both the wires and the interface is presented. By invoking the thin wire idealization, a matrix equation is obtained for determining the currents on each wire, from which the total electric field is obtained. Several plots are given to show how the wires' radii, the earth's conductivity, the incident angle, and the total number of wires affect the shielding for a semicircular shell. In many cases, it is demonstrated that the shielding effectiveness can be as much as 70 dB; for other cases, when the structure is of resonant dimensions, the shielding can be degraded to 20 dB. It is also shown that a wire grid model can give shielding results similar to those of a continuous perfectly conducting structure of similar dimensions     

A 44 GHz monolithic semiconductor dipole antenna

Monolithic semiconductor antennas integrated with a diode detector have been fabricated using silicon-on-sapphire technology. The performance of these antennas is analyzed on the basis of earlier theoretical work on imperfectly conducting/resistive cylindrical dipoles. The measured radiation patterns of semiconductor antennas are compared with those of the corresponding printed metal dipoles.     

Dipole antenna coaxially mounted on a conducting cylinder

The problem of a cylindrical dipole antenna symmetrically mounted on a conducting coaxial cylinder is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical approach is based on the Fourier transform solution for thin wire antennas, equivalence and image principles, point matching, and numerical optimization. The basic idea is that the modified dipole structure can be replaced by an equivalent system (as far as exterior fields are concerned) consisting of a simple perfectly conducting rod excited by an array of magnetic ring sources. The coefficients of these sources are then adjusted to match boundary conditions on the cylindrical modification surface. For the locations of the match points and sources, three gauges involving weighted integrals of the tangential electric fields are used to optimize the solution. Good agreements between measurement and theory have been obtained for the input admittances, resonance properties, and radiation patterns. Results are also presented for a dipole on a sphere to contrast effects due to change in modification shape.     

Low-Frequency Shielding Properties of Conducting Cylindrical Shells of Arbitrary Cross Section

The shielding properties of general, two dimensional, finitely conducting shells with vanishingly thin walls are analyzed by the integral-equation method. For the circular cylinder case, a field plot throughout the shield interior reveals that, at the 'no shielding' frequencies found by Schieber, fields are attenuated greatly, except near the center. The influence of slots in the shell walls is also assessed for both circular and rectangular cylinders. Due to focusing effects, the field at the shield center is even stronger than the incident field at certain resonant frequencies for the slotted cylindrical shells.     

静电放电电磁脉冲激励下材料屏蔽效能研究

为更好地评价电磁屏蔽材料对静电放电电磁脉冲的屏蔽效能,对静电放电脉冲激励下的材料的屏蔽效能进行了时域测试研究。以静电放电电磁脉冲为注入源,结合宽带同轴测试夹具和数字存储示波器,对一种平面材料的屏蔽效能进行了时域测试。通过得到的屏蔽前后的信号,计算了不同激励电压下该材料的峰值屏蔽效能,结果表明激励电压的大小对该材料的电磁脉冲屏蔽效能影响不大。通过对屏蔽前后信号的FFT 变换计算了其频域幅频特性曲线,与频域实验测试所得的幅频特性曲线进行了对比,结果比较一致。表明该时域测试系统能够可靠地评价材料对高压静电放电电磁脉冲激励下的衰减能力。     

An inverse problem for line and strip sources of electromagnetic field above an imperfectly conducting ground plane

An analytic method of solving the inverse problem of determining the optimal excitation of line and strip sources of electromagnetic fields generating given directional functions above an imperfectly conducting ground plane is presented. The method used is based upon algebraization of the problem. The overdetermined system of equations obtained is solved by the method of generalized matrix inverse and the method of regularization of Tikhonov. An error estimate, criteria for the choice of parameters, and an experimental procedure are given. Numerical examples related to airborne radionavigation illustrate the application of the theory.     

New figures of merit for the characterization of the performance of shielding enclosures

Evaluation and measurement of shielding performance of enclosures and protection structures in general are based on the comparison between the local field values with and without the shield. Apart from some practical problems arising in specific, but relevant, situations like enclosures of small dimensions, such an approach appears rather incomplete and sometime deceitful. Despite this, shielding effectiveness (SE) is a well-established parameter, and it seems that for decades, the attention has been focussed more on how to evaluate and measure the so-called SE, rather on what the goal of any shielding structure is and why each evaluation and measurement should be performed. The main drawback is that SE is a local quantity and its knowledge does not help in the prediction of the real mitigation of undesired effects achieved by means of any shielding structure; undesired effects are mainly due to an integral of an electric or magnetic field, and/or to spatial variations of electric and magnetic field components. In the past, proposals were advanced toward an improved definition and measurement of electromagnetic SE; the proposed new figures of merit were based on the energy (power) penetrating the enclosure, perceived as the key factor for the shielding problem. However, it seems more adequate and correct the direct reference to the mechanism of birth of induced effects, as stemming from Maxwell equations. For these reasons, two new figures of merit are proposed for the comparison of enclosures and shields performance.     

Electromagnetic shielding of nylon-66 composites applied to laser modules

Electromagnetic shielding of nylon-66 composites applied to laser modules was studied experimentally and theoretically. The effects of conductive carbon fiber length and weight percentage upon the shielding effectiveness (SE) of nylon composites were investigated. The SE of long carbon fiber filled nylon-66 composites was found to be higher than short carbon fiber composites under the same weight percentage of carbon fibers. In addition, higher electromagnetic shielding was obtained for the composite with higher carbon fibers contents at the same length. The SE of conductive carbon fiber filled nylon-66 composites was measured to be 42 dB at a low frequency of 30 MHz and 50 dB at a high frequency of 1 GHz. The SE predicted by theoretical models and measured by experiments were in good agreement for filled nylon-66 composites with different length fiber.     

Electron correlation effects on exciton dissociation in the presence of an electric field in polyacetylene

Based on the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger and Pariser–Parr–Pople (SSH + PPP) model and the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock formalism, the dynamics of exciton dissociation in conjugated polymers systems has been simulated using a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method. Within this approach, the appropriate spin symmetry of the electronic wavefunction is taken into account, which allows us to distinguish between singlet and triplet excited states. The different dynamic dissociation behaviors in the presence of an electric field of singlet excitons (SE) and triplet excitons (TE) due to electron correlation are emphasized. Using numerical simulations, it is found that the dissociation of TE under an applied electric field is more difficult than in the case for SE. The critical dissociation electric field strength for TE is about 3 times higher than that of SE. When the conjugated length of a polymer chain is short, SE and TE can each remain as one entity even under high electric field strengths owing to the confinement effect of the chain ends. In addition, the dependence of exciton dissociation on the Coulomb interaction strength, shielding factor and the conjugated length is discussed.     

Image theory for electric dipoles above a conducting anisotropic earth

New image representations for vertical electric dipoles (VED) above an imperfectly conducting and axially anisotropic earth are developed. These include multidiscrete images at different depths below the air-earth interface and multipole image sources. It is shown that, in contrast with the available image representations in the literature, the developed ones predict the correct behavior of the fields in the far zone along the earth's surface. Extension to a layered earth's model is made. The theory is also extended to the horizontal electric dipole with similar conclusions to the case of the vertical dipole.     

密封条式屏蔽门的屏蔽效能仿真分析

使用中间层电路模型（ILCM）近似仿真分析屏蔽门对屏蔽室屏蔽效能的影响,对模型理论公式进行了推导和仿真,得出密封条式屏蔽门的屏蔽效能与影响参数之间的关系,为选择更适合屏蔽门密封的材料提供理论依据,并选择了两种材料进行对比验证,证明了推导出的关系是正确的,同时也预测了密封条结构的屏蔽室的屏蔽效能。仿真结果表明,我们选择的密封条式结构和材料能够满足屏蔽室的要求。