机动车用三角警告牌(反射器)测试仪发光强度系数示值误差测量结果不确定度评定

<正>机动车用三角警告牌(反射器)测试仪(以下简称"反射器测试仪")是专门用于三角警告牌(反射器)发光强度系数检测的光学测量仪器。本文选用由中国计量科学研究院校准的反光膜标准板(校准依据:GB/T26377-2010《逆反射测量仪》及NIM-ZY-GX-CP-218《逆反射标准板校准方法》)作为标准器,将被校反射器测试仪开机预热一段时间后,用该测试仪配备的红色标准板进行发光强度系数定标。取出标准板,再用     

公路交通标志反光膜常态逆反射系数的不确定度评定

对某一公路交通标志反光膜常态逆反射系数进行了测试,分析测试存在的不确定度来源并量化不确定度的分量,求出其合成不确定度.其测试结果的精度对公路交通标志反光膜的光度学性能裁定具有重要意义.     

浅析螺母机械性能国家标准

分析了GB／T3098.2-2000《紧固件机械性能 螺母 粗牙螺纹》及GB／T3098.4-2000《紧固件机械性能 螺母 细牙螺纹》。阐明了该两项国家标准与相应的旧标准的区别。其中，GB／T3098.2-2000在标准名称、适用范围、标记制度、机械性能、保证载荷、试验方法以及标志等方面存在程度不同的修改。而GB／T3098.4-2000主要增加了性能等级为5级的螺母的相应规定。     

国家标准修改通知单 GB5768 1999《道路交通标志和标线》第1号修改单

本修改单经国家质量技术监督局于１９９９年８月２６日以质技监标函［１９９９］１２６号文批准,自１９９９年９月２０日起实施１标准文本中所有警告、禁令、指示、指路标志及道路施工安全标志中的白、黄、红、绿、蓝、黑颜色,应遵照附录Ａ交通标志颜色规定为准。２第４９页路４９标志,ａ图与ｂ图的图案位置应调换。３第５５、５６页旅游标志的棕色,应符合下表棕色的色品坐标范围（逆反射材料色）,（具体参考色样请与交通部公路所联系）。棕色色品坐标范围（逆反射材料色）角点１２３４色品坐标Ｘ０４４５０６０４０５５６…     

新旧<道路交通标志和标线>的对比分析与建议

通过对新旧《道路交通标志和标线》对比分析,归纳出GB5768-1999《道路交通标志和标线》较之GB5768-1986《道路交通标志和标线》保留、修订和新增内容,并提出参考性建议,以助交通管理、参与正确理解、使用,确保道路交通安全畅通。     

机动车检测认证

一、机动车安全性能测控系统 系统主要面向机动车安检站、汽车厂等,严格按照GB21861-2014《机动车安全技术检验项目和方法》、GB7258-2017《机动车运行安全技术条件》等标准要求对机动车安全技术进行检验.系统分为集中式联网、分布式联网两种控制模式,用户可根据需求灵活配置,系统采用工业PC 总线和网络技术对检测...     

机动车检测认证

一、机动车安全性能测控系统 系统主要面向机动车安检站、汽车厂等,严格按照GB 21861-2014《机动车安全技术检验项目和方法》、GB 7258-2017《机动车运行安全技术条件》等标准要求对机动车安全技术进行检验.系统分为集中式联网、分布式联网两种控制模式,用户可根据需求灵活配置,系统采用工业PC总线和网络技术对检...     

汽车灯具,配光性能不合格

近期,国家质检总局对汽车灯具产品质量进行了国家监督抽查,共抽查了上海、江苏、浙江等地32家企业的32种产品,合格25种,产品抽样合格率为78.1%。其中抽查了18种汽车前照灯,抽样合格率为72.2%;抽查了7种汽车前雾灯,抽样合格率为100%;抽查了7种汽车后雾灯,抽样合格率为71.4%。本次国家监督抽查采用的标准是GB4599-1994《汽车前照灯配光性能》、GB4660-1994《汽车前雾灯配光性能》、GB11554-1998《汽车及挂车后雾灯配光性能》。这些标准均为强制性检验标准。检验结果表明,本次抽查的7种不合格产品,全部是配光性能检验项目不符合。配光性能是…     

《玩具安全》系列国家标准批准发布

近日,质检总局、国家标准委批准发布了GB 6675-2014《玩具安全第1部分：基本规范》、《玩具安全第2部分：机械与物理性能》、《玩具安全第3部分：易燃性能》、《玩具安全第4部分：特定元素的迁移》4项强制性国家标准。该4项标准由GB 6675-2003《国家玩具安全技术规范》修订而来,计划于2016年1月1日起实施。     

一种非自发光的照明材料：逆反射材料的特性,种类和检测

随着交通事业和安全保障事业的快速发展，一种逆反射照明材料很快被介绍到我国，并装备到公路、特别是高速公路建设、铁路建设、航空航海、地下坑道等交通航运部门作为安全照明信号标志使用。一、逆反射材料特性在夜间，汽车驾驶员在没有设置路灯的高速公路或国道上驾车行驶，利用车灯照明道路，所能分辨清楚道路状态的距离是很短的，所以容易发生交通事故。当道路上设置了逆反射，（即投射到反射面上的光线，在较窄的光线锥角内向入射光方向返回）材料作路牌和导向标志、标线，车灯光照射到上述标志、标线时，其光线就接车灯投射光线的方向…     

Photometry and colorimetry of reference LEDs by using a compact goniophotometer

In the development, production control, quality assurance and during the selection of appropriate LEDs for very different applications, it is essential to know their photometric and colorimetric quantities very precisely. The calibration of the measuring devices required for this purpose is performed via LED transfer standards. These LED standards transfer photometric, spectroradiometric and colorimetric units and characteristics, from the National Metrology Institute (NMI) to the user. Finally, LED standards serve as references for the user. Usually a set of LED reference standards consists of at least four different LED colours (blue, green, red and white), sometimes even more. Further more it is very often necessary to have more than only one set of reference standards as a backup. This generally causes a large number of calibrations. To handle this work load, a special reference standard and a compact goniophotometer prove to be a considerable advantage. PTB developed a special LED transfer standard which operates under controlled conditions: a controlled LED chip temperature and a controlled chip current help to keep the photometric and colorimetric properties constant. On the other hand, a compact goniophotometer was designed to measure luminous flux, luminous intensity and colorimetric quantities of LED transfer standards in a relatively short time with low measurement uncertainties.     

回射激光的红外主动跟踪闭环研究

根据激光辐照典型红外光学系统产生回射激光的特性分析,红外装置中焦面上调制盘前表 面产生的回射激光特别适合于激光对红外装置的远距离跟踪、瞄准和工作模式识别。用0.53μm激光辐照红外光学系统产生的回射激光信号触发1.06μm主激光控制系统,实现了主激光对红外装置输出信号的有效干扰。它对利用激光进行红外对抗研究具有重要的参考价值。     

SA387GR.11CL.12钢单面焊对接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展性能评定

就ASME锅炉压力容器规范的SA387GR.11CL.12钢的单面焊对接接头进行了疲劳裂纹扩展试验,得到在用含缺陷压力容器的安全评定用的da/dN与ΔK的关系式为:da/dN=15.0×10~(-9)ΔK~(3.34),它与GB/T 19624-2004推荐的公式相比,在相同的ΔK下,扩展速率要比推荐值大。因此对其进行安全评定时不建议采用GB 19624-2004推荐的公式。     

三维编织复合材料拉伸性能试验研究

制定了一套适用于测定三维编织复合材料拉伸性能的试验方法，并结合试验数据，总结了编织参数与三维编织复合材料拉伸性能的关系。     

舒适性空调用袋式过滤器过滤性能的试验研究

根据国家标准GB12218-89，并参照欧洲EN779：2002标准，对各类舒适性空调用袋式过滤器的过滤性能进行试验研究，为各类公共场所选择合理的空气滤器使空气中可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的浓度达到国家规范中的要求提供技术参考。     

投射式LED汽车前照灯的光学设计

依据GB 4785-1998选择偏蓝成分较少的暖白色LED光源,采用多椭球反射杯、挡光板和非球面透镜的投射式系统,设计出一套LED汽车前照灯.其中每个LED光源都有各自独立的光学系统,设计了消球差的非球面透镜和平面挡光板,模拟分析了多椭球反射杯垂直截面椭圆和水平截面椭圆的最佳焦距.采用3个单个LED光学系统构成近光系统,在近光的基础上增加4个单个LED光学系统构成远光系统,其近光系统明暗截止线很清晰且近光和远光系统配光性能的模拟结果都满足GB 4599-94要求.     

Stability of systems of plane reflecting surfaces

A general rule for the stability of plane reflecting surface systems is derived by use of the features of the reflection matrix. It is proved that only two directions can be stable: the forward direction and the backward direction (retroreflection). Examples for the application of this rule in the design of stable reflecting systems for optical communication are given.     

大型双机双级压缩机性能测试方法

目前,我国尚无双机双级压缩机的测试标准,本文参照国家标准GB/T5773—2004《容积式制冷剂压缩机性能试验方法》制定一套测试方案,以解决双机双级压缩机的测试难题。     

电冰箱压缩机性能试验台的研制及试验研究

根据国家标准GB/T9098-2008和GB/T5773-2004的技术要求,采用计算机信号采集处理技术研制了一套电冰箱压缩机性能测试装置,以第二制冷剂量热器法作为主测,制冷剂液体流量计法作为副测。通过对试验采集的数据进行分析,被测压缩机的吸气温度、环境温度及过冷温度控制精度均在±0.2℃范围内,吸气压力和排气压力控制精度均在±0.5%范围内,两种测试方法的偏差为4.0%。该试验装置测试的误差均在标准规定的精度范围内,满足了电冰箱压缩机的测试要求。     

Behavior-based safety on construction sites: A case study

This work presents the results of a case study and describes an important area within the field of construction safety management, namely behavior-based safety (BBS). This paper adopts and develops a management approach for safety improvements in construction site environments. A rigorous behavioral safety system and its intervention program was implemented and deployed on target construction sites. After taking a few weeks of safety behavior measurements, the project management team implemented the designed intervention and measurements were taken. Goal-setting sessions were arranged on-site with workers’ participation to set realistic and attainable targets of performance. Safety performance measurements continued and the levels of performance and the targets were presented on feedback charts. Supervisors were asked to give workers recognition and praise when they acted safely or improved critical behaviors. Observers were requested to have discussions with workers, visit the site, distribute training materials to workers, and provide feedback to crews and display charts. They were required to talk to operatives in the presence of line managers. It was necessary to develop awareness and understanding of what was being measured. In the process, operatives learned how to act safely when conducting site tasks using the designed checklists. Current weekly scores were discussed in the weekly safety meetings and other operational site meetings with emphasis on how to achieve set targets. The reliability of the safety performance measures taken by the company's observers was monitored. A clear increase in safety performance level was achieved across all categories: personal protective equipment; housekeeping; access to heights; plant and equipment, and scaffolding. The research reveals that scores of safety performance at one project improved from 86% (at the end of 3rd week) to 92.9% during the 9th week. The results of intervention demonstrated large decreases in unsafe behaviors and significant increases in safe behaviors. The results of this case study showed that an approach based on goal setting, feedback, and an effective measure of safety behavior if properly applied by committed management, can improve safety performance significantly in construction site environments. The results proved that the BBS management technique can be applied to any country's culture, showing that it would be a good approach for improving the safety of front-line workers and that it has industry wide application for ongoing construction projects.