基于ABAQUS的斜面铆接变形的模拟分析

铆接技术被广泛应用于飞机生产制造过程,而在铆接过程中铆钉和铆接件的变形会严重影响铆接质量,从而影响产品的安全性能和疲劳寿命。针对楔形钛合金结构的铆接,用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟斜面压铆的动态过程,将斜面压铆变形过程分为4个阶段,分析了铆钉和铆接件在压铆过程中的受力和变形情况。该模拟分析为实际的斜面铆接工艺和后续研究过程提供了有效的指导。     

超声振动辅助铆接精确成形

采用超声振动辅助技术,利用万能材料试验机分别对45钢、6063铝合金和T2铜3种板材进行铆接实验。在不同条件下,对铆接过程中的压铆力、剪切强度、相对干涉量以及6063铝合金铆钉的材料流动进行分析,研究了超声振动对铆接工艺中铆钉的力学性能、变形行为以及铆接质量的影响。结果表明:施加超声振动时,随振幅增大,压铆载荷逐渐降低,不同板材的压铆力的降幅基本相等;剪切强度得到了提升,最大增幅为10.47%。在超声振动的表面效应和软化作用下,接触面之间的摩擦作用得到改善,难变形区面积减小了51.08%,钉杆的变形尺寸更加均匀。超声振动可降低铆接结构的相对干涉量系数,尺寸均匀度的改善有利于延长铆接结构的疲劳寿命。     

电磁铆接试样质量分析

采用试验方法,通过电磁铆接和气动铆接方式,对铆接试样从铆钉宏观变形和微观连接方面进行质量对比分析。结果表明,与气动铆接相比,电磁铆接能一次成形,铆接试样钉杆变形均匀,波动度小,铆接质量稳定,不易出现钉头被铆歪、开裂等现象。在铆钉成形钉头与铝合金板连接处,电磁铆接铆钉变形较气动铆接剧烈。在铆钉钉杆与铝合金板连接处,电磁铆接试样铆钉与铝合金板连接的紧密程度要好于气动铆接。在铆钉钉杆与复合材料连接处,电磁铆接铆钉对复合材料的挤压程度要小于气动铆接,未出现复合材料分层和开裂。     

气门摇臂铆接压机的动态仿真方法研究

实际情况中气门摇臂铆接压机构件的变形可能会对铆接精度产生影响,多刚体模型难以满足分析精度要求,因此使用ANSYS和ADAMS建立刚-柔耦合虚拟样机模型对铆接压机构件进行动态分析。为解决ADAMS中难以对有物体发生塑性变形的系统进行仿真的问题,使用DEFORM-3D对压铆过程中铆钉变形进行仿真,以得到的"压模载荷-铆钉被压入长度"曲线作为刚度在ADAMS中建立非线性弹簧力代替铆钉。这种方法使仿真更接近实际,也使仿真结果对铆接压机的控制具有指导意义。     

铁道车辆热铆连接的有限元分析

为了进一步研究铁道车辆热铆连接过程,基于热固耦合有限元理论建立铆钉和铆接件的有限元模型,模拟热铆连接过程,并结合试验进行验证。将热铆连接变形过程分为6个阶段,分析铆钉在热铆连接过程中的受力和变形情况,并通过改变铆钉钉杆长度和镦头高度,分析不同参数对热铆连接的影响,并得到最佳热铆参数。结果表明:铆钉的最大应力集中在铆钉镦头和与铆接件边缘相接触的中心部位,最大应变集中在镦头靠近铆接件边缘的位置;钉杆长度小于一定值时,铆钉的最大应力均发生在铆钉镦头顶部和镦头与铆接件边缘相接触的中心部位,超过该值时,应力集中位置只出现在铆钉镦头顶部;铆钉的最大应力随镦头高度总体呈下降趋势。     

电磁铆接放电电压对TB3铆钉变形影响

电磁铆接放电电压是影响铆钉变形的重要参数。在不同铆模工艺试验的基础上确定最佳成形铆模,从宏观和微观角度研究放电电压对TB3钛合金铆钉变形的影响。结果表明,铆模对铆钉变形有重要影响,不同铆模成形的铆钉质量不同。采用50°铆模,在190V~230V电压下,随着放电电压升高,铆钉镦头高度减小,钉杆直径增加。在剪切带内,晶粒被急剧拉长,剪切带内外晶粒差别较大;随着放电电压升高,铆钉镦头内部主剪切带越来越明显,剪切带宽度越来越小。TB3铆钉以产生形变带的方式发生绝热剪切变形。     

铝锂合金自动铆接干涉量及残余应力分析

铝锂合金是航空制造中的新型合金材料,其铆接技术是现代飞机制造重要研究方向。铆接后的铝锂合金板孔的干涉量影响到残余应力分布,为了研究铆接过程与残余应力分布特征之间的关系,利用自动钻铆装备对不同厚度的铝锂合金板进行铆接。使用ABAQUS/Explicit对铝锂合金自动压铆过程进行了仿真,通过试验和仿真的方法分析不同压铆力、铆钉长度、壁板厚度和铆钉材料等组合条件下铝锂合金壁板内部所产生的干涉量,进而推导出各工艺条件下铝锂合金壁板厚度方向上残余应力的分布规律。结果表明,2060-T8铝锂合金壁板孔壁产生的干涉量及沿板厚方向分布的残余应力随压铆力的增大而增大,随铆钉长度的增大而减小,随壁板厚度的增加呈现非单调增长的趋势。壁板总厚度为4.2 mm时,平均干涉量及平均残余应力可以达到最大值。相比于2117-T4铝合金铆钉,采用7050-T3铝合金铆钉压铆后2060-T8铝锂合金壁板产生的平均干涉量降低6%～12%,平均残余应力降低8%～12%。     

碳纤维连接结构钛合金铆钉电磁铆接试验研究

电磁铆接是一种新型铆接工艺,与传统铆接相比,在高强度铆钉、复合材料铆接方面有其明显优势。本文通过对不同直径钛合金铆钉的电磁铆接预制孔径匹配试验,得出直径Φ4,Φ5和Φ6mm钛合金铆钉最佳预制孔径分别为Φ4.1,Φ5.2和Φ6.2/Φ6.3mm。针对小直径(Φ4和Φ5mm)钛合金铆接试样,气动铆接和电磁铆接在抗剪强度和微观组织方面相差不大,在大直径(Φ6mm)钛合金铆钉成形方面气动铆接远不如电磁铆接。电磁铆接技术可大幅度提高钛合金铆钉在碳纤维结构中的铆接质量,铆歪、开裂现象仅为0.5%。     

板料连接技术进展

介绍板料连接技术进展。主要介绍半空心铆钉自冲铆接、实心铆钉自冲铆接、无模铆冲连接、有模铆冲连接、液压铆接等技术的工作原理，比较各种连接技术的优、缺点。     

碳纤维-铝合金电磁铆接与准静态压铆对比

为了探究电磁铆接技术在碳纤维复合材料上的可行性,采用碳纤维-铝合金结构为研究对象。探究了碳纤维-铝合金电磁铆接接头的干涉量及剪切、拉脱性能,并与传统准静态压铆技术进行了对比。结果表明:无论是Φ4 mm铆钉,还是Φ6 mm铆钉,电磁铆接结构相对干涉量不仅均匀性更好,而且平均值更高,分别从4.96%提升到5.20%,6.85%提升到7.85%;电磁铆接接头剪切性能有较大提高,对于Φ4 mm铆钉和Φ6 mm铆钉,电磁铆接最大剪切力相比准静态压铆分别提高了19.7%和5.2%;电磁铆接接头拉脱性能有较小提高,对于Φ4 mm铆钉和Φ6 mm铆钉,电磁铆接最大拉脱力相比准静态压铆提高了3.9%和6.6%。结果说明电磁铆接技术更适合复合材料的连接。     

涡轮增压器壳体自动铆压机的设计与分析

根据涡轮增压器壳体的结构特征和铆压要求,设计一面两销的定位方式和自顶向下的气缸自动压紧装置,设计双工位同时铆压的工作机构。根据装配关系计算最大过盈量情况下的铆压力大小,选择了合适的铆压气缸。使用NX Nastran软件进行有限元分析,验证了铆压的可行性,完成了铆压机的设计,有效提高了铆压的质量和效率。     

基于有限元分析的铆螺母铆接厚度影响研究

以某新型奥氏体不锈钢铆螺母为研究对象,基于ABAQUS、SolidWorks软件建立铆螺母铆接过程有限元仿真模型,结合有限元分析与试验研究,探究夹层厚度对铆接镦头形貌、铆螺母拉脱力、铆接连接结构拉伸性能的影响规律,分析夹层厚度对铆螺母铆接变形及铆接结构力学性能的影响机制。有限元仿真结果与试验结果一致,随夹层厚度增加,最大拔出力先增大后减小。研究结果显示：该型号铆螺母在夹层厚度为3.5 mm时,铆接结构轴向拉脱力最大,且整体连接结构拉伸性能最好。     

基于机器学习的铆接质量数字化检测系统

为实现铆接质量数字化检测和质量追溯,提出基于机器学习的铆接质量数字化检测方法。使用CCD摄像机对铆接部位进行图像采集,然后进行中值滤波、Canny边缘检测、图像形态学处理等,实现铆接部位裂纹检测和特征信息提取。利用改进的粒子群优化最小二乘支持向量机算法建立铆接质量检测模型,并使用检测样本对模型进行检验。对不合格的铆接进行质量追溯,应用专家系统判断产生缺陷的原因。在某型号飞机装配车间对原型系统进行应用验证。结果表明：所设计的系统检测准确率达96%,可提高铆接质量检测效率、统一检测标准、减少工人劳动。     

自冲铆接头组织及性能分析

分析了有铆自冲铆接和压印连接的工艺特点,对比了两种不同连接方式的接头抗拉伸-抗剪强度;利用阳极化覆膜的方法制备接头金相试样,对接头机械自锁区材料的组织及流向进行观测.结果表明,有铆自冲铆接的抗拉伸-抗剪强度高于压印连接.机械连接导致的材料塑性变形,使晶粒由母材区的等轴状逐渐向纤维状过渡,依据晶粒分布特性,将有铆自冲铆接头截面划分为:母材未变形区、上板内锁区、下板内锁区、上板过渡区、下板过渡区、塑性影响区.在接头自锁区附近由于纤维组织的形成,使金属的性能产生各向异性,沿纤维方向的强度和塑性将高于垂直方向.     

Riveted assembly modelling: Study and numerical characterisation of a riveting process

In the field of structural stress analysis and especially in transitory dynamics (crash and impact simulations), study/design accuracy requires increasingly predictive models. A compromise between cost and precision entails modelling and simplification of all the link elements. Riveting is a particularly sensitive case. The characteristics needed to ensure effective modelling are indeed difficult to measure. This paper presents adjustment of a numerical model simulating a riveted link using a number of different approaches. The results analysis considerably improve knowledge about the riveting process and behaviour of riveted links. This study will pave the way for resistance tests to be conducted in order to numerically characterise riveted links under load. The aim is to develop an approach that reduces the model size and calculation time without adversely affecting the validity of the simulation results, and to show the effect of strains and residual stresses on the link in post-riveting.     

FricRiveting of aluminum 2024-T351 and polycarbonate: Temperature evolution,microstructure and mechanical performance

Friction Riveting (FricRiveting) is an innovative, fast and energy-efficient spot joining process used to join lightweight hybrid metal–polymer and metal–composite structures. In this process, a cylindrical metallic rivet is used to join one or more thermoplastic components by means of plasticizing and deforming the tip of a metallic rivet through frictional heating and pressure inside the polymeric parts. This work studies the feasibility of the FricRiveting technique for polycarbonate/aluminum 2024-T351 alloy spot joints by investigating the temperature development (measured by infrared thermography), microstructure (evaluated by optical microscopy) and mechanical properties (investigated by tensile testing) of the joints. The thermographic temperature investigation indicated that the average peak process temperatures were from 280 to 360 °C, from 56% to 72% of the AA 2024 eutectic point and below the temperature range of extensive thermal degradation of polycarbonate (480–550 °C). Furthermore, the typical deformed tip of the rivet – the anchoring zone – was attained for all joints investigated in this study, as induced by thermo-mechanical processing. The anchoring efficiency represented by the aspect ratio of the deformed rivet was evaluated by optical microscopy. Aspect ratio values were compared with the process temperatures and the tensile strengths of the joints. Increases in process heat input resulted in larger aspect ratios. High average values of ultimate tensile forces varying from 6659 ± 62 N to 8540 ± 182 N (68.4–87.8% of the ultimate tensile strength of the metallic rivet) were achieved, with final ductile fracture occurring in the metallic rivet for joints with aspect ratios of 0.88 ± 0.02 and in the polymeric base plate for joints with aspect ratios of 0.61 ± 0.03 and 0.68 ± 0.04. The volumetric ratio – a recent, more complex three dimensional approach for evaluating the mechanical performance of the joints – was also investigated, revealing similar interactions with process temperatures and tensile strengths as the aspect ratio. The results of this work proved that FricRiveting is a feasible method for use on the PC-AA 2024-T351 material combination, as it yields strong joints.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.