铝含量对AS系列铸造镁合金机械加工性能的影响(英文)

研究铝含量对AS系列铸造镁合金机械加工性能的影响。通过测量切削力和表面粗糙度对镁合金的机械加工性能进行评估。研究合金的微观结构和拉伸性能。结果表明,切削力随着铝含量的增加而增大;AS91镁合金的表面粗糙度和力学性能最高;对力学性能有影响的主要机制是存在金属间相Mg2Si和Mg17Al12。在机械加工镁合金中,切削力随着切割速度的增大而增大。所测得的数据与机械加工合金的力学性能一致。     

热氢处理对TA15钛合金组织及性能的影响

采用真空气相热氢处理炉得到不同氢含量的TA15钛合金试样,利用扫描电镜、夏比冲击设备以及带传感器的机床等对不同氢含量的钛合金试样进行切削力获取及组织形貌观察,研究热氢处理过程中不同氢含量TA15钛合金试样的组织结构演变和力学性能规律。结果表明,TA15钛合金试样热氢处理后会出现不同程度的组织细化;热氢处理后的TA15钛合金试样的主切削力会随着氢含量的增加而增加,在氢含量为0.51%时,主切削力随着切削速度增加而减少,其他氢含量的TA15钛合金试样的主切削力随切削速度增加而先增加后减小;热氢处理后的TA15钛合金试样冲击吸收能量会随着氢含量的增加而降低。     

铝对HK40耐热钢力学性能的影响

研究了不同铝含量对HK40耐热钢硬度和拉伸性能的影响,并对拉伸断口进行了观察和分析。结果表明,加入铝并经热处理后,HK40钢的硬度随加入铝量的增加而提高。当加入铝量为7.10%时,其布氏硬度比未加铝时提高60.50%。铝的加入使该耐热钢的抗拉强度稍有提高,其中铝含量为7.10%时增幅最大,由512 MPa上升到521 MPa;而随着铝含量的增加,伸长率急剧下降,铝含量为4.72%和7.10%时,HK40钢的伸长率分别为3%和1%。     

Al元素含量对Zn-Al钎料性能影响

研究了Al元素含量对Zn-Al钎料在铝—铝钎焊及铜—铝钎焊过程中的铺展性能、接头力学性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明,随着Al元素含量的增加,钎料在铝板上的铺展性能明显改善,当Al元素含量达到15%(质量分数)时铺展面积最大,继续增加Al元素含量,铺展面积减小.Al元素含量在2%～25%范围内,钎料在铜板上的铺展性能随Al元素含量增加呈上升趋势,但是Zn-Al钎料在铜板上的铺展性能显著低于在铝板上的铺展性能.钎焊接头力学性能试验表明,铝—铝对接接头的抗拉强度以及铜—铝钎焊接头力学性能均随着Al元素含量增加而逐渐增大,当Al元素含量达到15%时强度达到最高,继续增加Al元素含量,钎焊接头强度均逐渐降低.     

Fe基非晶态合金切削性实验研究

通过与45钢对比,分析了Fe基非晶合金在不同切削速度和切削深度的交互作用对主切削力和切削合力的影响,结果表明:在相同切削参数下,Fe基非晶合金主切削力小于45钢,而切削合力却大于45钢,切削力都表现出随着切削速度的增加逐渐减少,以及随着切削深度的增加均匀增大的趋势。研究发现切削速度在80 m/min下产生的切屑晶化程度多达52.5%,认为Fe基非晶合金锯齿状切屑的形屑机制为局部突变性剪切,在切削速度为60 m/min时切屑的片状结构中会出现大量微孔洞,而切削速度达到80 m/min以上时,黏滞流变会增加,微孔洞数量减少。     

加工复合地板耐磨层时PCD刀具切削参数的研究

切削参数是影响PCD刀具切削性能的主要因素。本文采用Element Six公司的SYNDITE CTH025型聚晶金刚石(PCD)复合片制成强化复合地板用切削刀具，进行了一系列加工强化复合地板耐磨层的切削实验。通过实验研究了切削参数对刀具切削力的影响，得出了切削力随切削参数的变化规律，指出随着切削深度的增加，PCD刀具切削力增加；进给速度的增加使切削力增加；切削速度的增加将会使切削力降低。同时，分析了切削参数对刀具磨损、工件加工质量以及加工效率的影响。最后，本文总结了采用PCD刀具加工强化复合地板时加工参数的选择原则，认为当n=6000r／min、f=10000mm／min能够实现较高的加工效率，并保证工件的加工质量。     

高强生态钢组织与性能研究

对比研究了不同C含量对高强生态钢板的显微组织、硬度、冲击性能、拉伸性能和磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着C含量的增加,高强生态钢硬度呈现逐渐增加的趋势,冲击韧度呈现逐渐降低的趋势;随着C含量的逐渐增加,高强钢的抗拉强度逐渐上升,而断后伸长率和断面收缩率逐渐降低;在C含量为0.35%时,高强钢的抗拉强度、断后伸长率和断面收缩率分别为1 947 MPa、14.7%和26.4%;随着C含量的增加,加载载荷为5、15和25 kg时的磨损失重量都呈现为逐渐降低的趋势;C含量的增加使得高强钢的磨损失重逐渐降低,磨损机制从粘着磨损转变为切削磨损。     

圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯力热分析

为探究Nomex蜂窝芯圆盘锯齿刀超声切削过程中切削参数与切削力热的映射关系,开展圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯复合材料仿真及试验研究,分析主轴转速、进给速度、切削宽度和切削深度对切削过程中切削力热的影响,建立了切削温度随进给速度、主轴转速的一次回归模型。结果表明:所建立仿真模型最大误差为11.2%,可有效预测切削力与切削温度;三向切削力随着切削宽度,切削深度,进给速度的增大而增大,随着主轴转速的增大而减小;进给速度与主轴转速对切削温度影响显著;实际加工中,应采用大切削深度与切削宽度增加切削效率,采用小进给速度和主轴转速以降低切削温度,减少刀具磨损。     

碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料螺旋铣磨制孔损伤研究

目的 研究碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(CFRTP)螺旋铣磨制孔的切削温度和切削力的变化趋势,以及典型制孔损伤的特点,并分析切削温度的下降对制孔损伤的影响。方法 采用螺旋铣磨的方法开展CFRTP的制孔试验研究,通过改变工艺参数研究切削温度、切削力的变化趋势,分析各类典型制孔损伤的特点、形成原因及随工艺参数的变化情况,并研究添加冷却辅助降低切削温度对抑制制孔损伤的效果。结果 随着刀具自转转速、公转转速和螺距的升高,切削温度分别升高了约46.43%、12.06%和95.97%;切削力随着自转转速的升高而降低,随着公转转速和螺距的升高而增大。当螺距达到0.45mm时,轴向力会有所下降。入口损伤和出口损伤主要以毛刺为主,损伤会随着各工艺参数的升高而加剧,孔壁损伤主要表现为涂覆、变形、裂纹等3种形式。添加冷却辅助后,制孔质量得到显著提高,高温下的刀具涂覆问题基本解决。结论 切削温度是影响CFRTP制孔质量的主要因素,切削温度的升高导致树脂基体软化,使得切屑形貌从粉末状转变为连续薄片状,进而对切削力产生影响,树脂软化对制孔损伤有着明显的影响。冷却辅助能够明显地降低切削温度,从而起到抑制损伤的作用。     

盘铣开槽加工表面形貌与变质层研究（英文）

设计盘铣开槽实验以测量盘铣切削钛合金时的切削力和切削温度,以切削力和切削温度实验为基础,分析不同切削条件下的表面粗糙度、表面形貌、残余应力、显微组织和显微硬度。结果表明:铣削表面中心处的粗糙度值小于边缘处,粗糙度值随着主轴转速的增加而减小,随着切削深度和进给速度的增加而增大。铣削表面和次表面均出现残余压应力,随着深度的增加,残余压应力逐渐减小为零。在切削力的作用下,晶粒沿进给方向发生明显的拉伸变形,α相从初始等轴态拉伸为长片状。随着切削温度的升高,塑性变形区的金相组织发生改变,当切削温度达到β相转变温度时,金相组织从初始等轴态转变为全片层组织。热力耦合作用使得已加工表面和次表面硬度值升高。     

Effect of Sn content on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast and as-extruded Mg−8Li−3Al−(1,2,3)Sn alloys

The effects of Sn content on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast and as-extruded Mg−8Li−3Al− (1,2,3)Sn (wt.%) alloys were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile test. It is found that, as-cast Mg−8Li−3Al−(1,2,3)Sn alloys consist of α-Mg+β-Li duplex matrix, MgLiAl₂ and Li₂MgSn phases. Increasing Sn content leads to grain refinement of α-Mg dendrites and increase in content of Li₂MgSn phase. During hot extrusion, complete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) takes place in β-Li phase while incomplete DRX takes place in α-Mg phase. As Sn content is increased, the volume fraction of DRXed α-Mg grains is increased and the average grain size of DRXed α-Mg grains is decreased. Increasing Sn content is beneficial to strength but harmful to ductility for as-cast Mg−8Li−3Al−(1,2,3)Sn alloys. Tensile properties of Mg−8Li−3Al− (1,2,3)Sn alloys are improved significantly via hot extrusion and Mg−8Li−3Al−2Sn alloy exhibits the best tensile properties.     

Analysis of a free machining α+β titanium alloy using conventional and ultrasonically assisted turning

Rapid advancements in power generation and aviation industries have witnessed a widespread use of titanium and its alloys in many applications. This is primarily due to their excellent mechanical properties including, amongst other, high strength-to-density ratio, outstanding fatigue properties and corrosion resistance with the ability to withstand moderately high temperatures. However, this combination of properties results in poor machinability of the material, increasing the cost of components machined with conventional cutting techniques. Recently, Ti 6Al 2Sn 4Zr 6Mo, a modern titanium alloy with improved mechanical properties, has been introduced as a possible replacement of Ti 6Al 4V in aerospace industry. However, its poor machinability and formation of long chips in conventional turning are main limitations for its wide-spread application. Therefore, a new alloy based on Ti 6Al 2Sn 4Zr 6Mo, namely Ti 6Al 7Zr 6Mo 0.9La, was developed; it shows enhanced machinability generating short chips during metal cutting, which prevents entanglement with cutting tools improving productivity. To further enhance the machinability of this material, a novel hybrid machining technique called ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) was used. Experimental investigations were carried out to study the machinability, chip shapes, cutting forces, temperature in the process zone and surface roughness for conventional and ultrasonically assisted turning of both alloys. UAT shows improved machinability with reduced nominal cutting forces, improved surface roughness of the machined workpiece and generation of shorter chips when compared to conventional machining conditions.     

Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al−xMg−3Zn−1Cu cast alloys

Effects of Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al?xMg? 3Zn?1Cu cast alloys (x=3?5, wt.%) were investigated. As Mg content increased in the as-cast alloys, the grains were refined due to enhanced growth restriction, and the formation of η-Mg(AlZnCu)₂ and S-Al₂CuMg phases was inhibited while the formation of T-Mg₃₂(AlZnCu)₄₉ phase was promoted when Mg content exceeded 4 wt.%. The increase of Mg content encumbered the solution kinetics by increasing the size of eutectic phase but accelerated and enhanced the age-hardening through expediting precipitation kinetics and elevating the number density of the precipitates. As Mg content increased, the yield strength and tensile strength of the as-cast, solution-treated and peak-aged alloys were severally improved, while the elongation of the alloys decreased. The tensile strength and elongation of the peak-aged Al?5Mg?3Zn?1Cu alloy exceed 500 MPa and 5%, respectively. Precipitation strengthening implemented by T′ precipitates is the predominant strengthening mechanism in the peak-aged alloys and is enhanced by increasing Mg content.     

Effects of Li content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg−xLi−3Al−2Zn−0.5Y alloys

The effects of Li content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast Mg?xLi?3Al?2Zn? 0.5Y (LAZx32-0.5Y) alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, hardness tester and universal testing machine. The results show that the matrix of the alloy transforms from α-Mg to α-Mg+β-Li and then to β-Li when the Li content increases from 4% to 14% (mass fraction). All LAZx32-0.5Y alloys contain AlLi and Al₂Y, while MgLi₂Al appears only in the alloy containing the β-Li matrix. As the Li content increases, the content of AlLi and MgLi₂Al gradually increases, while the content of Al₂Y does not change much. As the Li content increases from 4% to 10%, the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the as-cast LAZx32-0.5Y alloys gradually decrease while the elongation gradually increases. The corresponding fracture mechanism changes from cleavage fracture to quasi-cleavage fracture and then to microporous aggregation fracture. This is mainly attributed to the decrease of α-Mg and the increase of β-Li in the alloy. When the Li content continues to increase to 10% and 14%, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the as-cast LAZx32-0.5Y alloys gradually increase, while the elongation decreases sharply, which is mainly attributed to the nano-scale MgLi₂Al uniformly distributed in the β-Li matrix.     

Effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−Zn−Sn−Mn alloy

The microstructure and properties of the as-cast, as-homogenized and as-extruded Mg−6Zn−4Sn−1Mn (ZTM641) alloy with various Al contents (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%) were investigated by OM, XRD, DSC, SEM, TEM and uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that when the Al content is not higher than 0.5%, the alloys are mainly composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Sn, Al₈Mn₅ and Mg₇Zn₃ phases_. When the Al content is higher than 0.5%, the alloys mainly consist of α-Mg, Mg₂Sn, MgZn, Mg₃₂(Al,Zn)₄₉, Al₂Mg₅Zn₂, Al₁₁Mn₄ and Al₈Mn₅ phases. A small amount of Al (≤1%) can increase the proportion of fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains during hot-extrusion process. The room- temperature tensile test results show that the ZTM641−1Al alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties, in which the ultimate tensile strength is 332 MPa, yield strength is 221 MPa and the elongation is 15%. Elevated- temperature tensile test results at 150 and 200 °C show that ZTM641−2Al alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties.     

Effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−Gd−Zn alloys

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg?15.3Gd?1Zn alloys with different Al contents (0, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 wt.%) were investigated. Microstructural analysis indicates that the addition of 0.4 wt.% Al facilitates the formation of 18R-LPSO phase (Mg₁₂Gd(Al, Zn)) in the Mg?Gd?Zn alloy. The contents of Al₁₁Gd₃ and Al₂Gd increase with the increase of Al content, while the content of (Mg, Zn)₃Gd decreases. After homogenization treatment, (Mg, Zn)₃Gd, 18R-LPSO and some Al₁₁Gd₃ phases are transformed into the high-temperature stable 14H-LPSO phases. The particulate Al?Gd phases can stimulate the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization by the particle simulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism. The tensile strength of the as-rolled alloys is improved remarkably due to the grain refinement and the fiber-like reinforcement of LPSO phase. The precipitation of the β′ phase in the peak-aged alloys can significantly improve the strength. The peak-aged alloy containing 0.4 wt.% Al achieves excellent mechanical properties and the UTS, YS and elongation are 458 MPa, 375 MPa and 6.2%, respectively.     

杂质Ca对Al-5Mg填充合金凝固组织及力学性能的影响

结合拉伸试验和冲击试验,采用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析方法研究了杂质元素Ca对铝镁焊接填充合金铸态凝固组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ca元素的存在改变了合金相组成。当Ca小于0.28%,合金中晶界富集由块状(Ti,Cr)₂Ca(Al,Mg)₂₀金属间化合物相。当Ca大于等于0.28%时,块状(Ti,Cr)₂Ca(Al,Mg)₂₀相和不连续条状Al₂Ca相共同在晶界富集。随Ca含量的增加,合金中块状相和条状相尺寸逐渐增大,数量逐渐增加。合金抗拉强度随Ca元素的增加先升高再降低,Ca含量0.28%时抗拉强度达到峰值。Ca小于0.28%时,合金塑性和冲击韧性缓慢下降,当Ca大于0.28%时,条状Al₂Ca相和块状(Ti,Cr)₂Ca(Al,Mg)₂₀相在晶界共存,低应力下两相破裂成为裂纹源,Al₂Ca硬脆相削弱了晶间结合强度,合金塑韧性大幅下降。合金拉伸或冲击断口由穿晶延性断裂(Ca<0.28%)转变为脆性断裂(Ca>0.28%)。Ca含量0.28%为合金韧脆转变点。     

Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of rapidly solidified Al−50Si−Cu(Mg) alloys for thermal management application

Al?high Si alloys were designed by the addition of Cu or Mg alloying elements to improve the mechanical properties. It is found that the addition of 1 wt.% Cu or 1 wt.% Mg as strengthening elements significantly improves the tensile strength by 27.2% and 24.5%, respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of uniformly dispersed fine particles (Al₂Cu and Mg₂Si secondary phases) in the Al matrix during hot press sintering of the rapidly solidified (gas atomization) powder. The thermal conductivity of the Al?50Si alloys is reduced with the addition of Cu or Mg, by only 7.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Therefore, the strength of the Al?50Si alloys is enhanced while maintaining their excellent thermo-physical properties by adding 1% Cu(Mg).