我国市政公用事业政府监管体制改革初探

以20世纪90年代以来我国市政公用事业领域进行的市场化改革对市政公用事业政府监管体制带来的挑战为背景,分析了我国现有市政公用事业政府监管体制存在的问题,提出了改革我国市政公用事业政府监管体制的建议。     

广东省建设厅副厅长刘锦红：分析广东市政公用事业市场化未来政策走向

市政公用事业改革走市场化的道路已逐步形成了共识。那么，在市政公用事业市场化的过程巾，政府将采取哪些政策?这不仅是业内人十关注的问题，也是社会各个方面、特别是金融机构、投资者关注的问题。在9月下旬省建设厅举办的全省市政公用事业市场化暨项目投资洽谈会“市政公用事业市场化论坛”上，广东省建设厅副厅长刘锦红就未来市政公用事业市场化的有关问题作了较为详细、全面的阐述。     

关于加强市政公用事业监管的意见 建城[2005]154号

为了加快推进市政公用事业市场化。促进市政公用事业健康发展，按照党中央、国务院关于“推进供水、供气等市政公用事业市场化进程”和“对自然垄断业务要进行有效监管”的要求．现就加强市政公用事业监管工作提出如下意见。     

关于加强市政公用事业监管的意见

各省、自治区建设厅，直辖市建委及有关部门，新疆生产建设兵团建设局：为了加快推进市政公用事业市场化，促进市政公用事业健康发展，按照党中央、国务院关于“推进供水、供气等市政公用事业市场化进程”和“对自然垄断业务要进行有效监管”的要求，现就加强市政公用事业监管工作提出如下意见。     

市政公用事业产权改革不能“包治百病”

在中国城市供水、供热、供气、污水处理、公共交通等市政公用事业市场化改革驶向“深水区”的同时，各地市政公用事业产权多元化改革也纷纷启动。但建设部政策法规司副司长徐宗威日前接受记者采访时指出，市政公用事业产权改革不能“包治百病”，而且会出现一些新的问题。     

有关城市供水特许经营权几个问题的思考

于今年5月1日实行的《市政公用事业特许经营管理办法》(以下简称办法),对推进市政公用事业的市场化改革具有特别重要的意义,它是从过去低级的市场化改革向规范化的市场化改革的重要里程碑。是各级地方政府按照全面协调的发展观,深化市政公用事业改革的法律依据。也是规范供水企业市场化改革的一个指导原则和法律依据。     

广东加速推进市政公用事业市场化

广东省推进市政公用事业市场化暨项目投资洽谈会在9月21—22日召开。此次洽谈会无疑是广东市政公用事业市场化步伐加速推进的一个标志。在洽谈会中，省建设厅副厅长刘锦红对我省市政公用事业市场化未来政策走向做了分析介绍。会后，省建设厅城建处负责人又总结了一些启示。为更好地促进我省市政公用事业市场化的推进，本刊特对此做了报道，希望能对业界有所启发。     

对城市公用事业问题的探讨

城市市政公用事业包括城市供水、供热、供气、公共交通、排水、污水处理、道路与桥梁、市政设施、市容环境卫生、垃圾处置和城市绿化等方面。我国城市公用事业与其他一般性竞争行业相比，具有以下几个鲜明的特点。     

中国市政公用设施投融资现状与改革方向

积极稳妥地加快市政公用事业市场化进程,引入竞争机制,建立政府特许经营制度,促进市政公用事业发展,为全面建设小康社会和城镇化发展提供必要的基础条件,这是城市市政公用事业改革的目标。     

市政公用行业改制后资本运营思考

市政公用事业是为城镇居民生产生活提供必需的普遍服务的行业，主要包括城市供水排水和污水处理、供气、集中供热、城市道路、公共交通、环境卫生和垃圾处理以及园林绿化等。市政公用事业是城市重要的基础设施，是城市经济和社会发展的重要载体，直接关系到社会公众利益，关系到城市经济和社会的可持续发展。未来20年是城镇化高速发展时期，随着城镇人口增加及经济的快速增长，市政公用设施需求将进一步加大。但要实现市政公用事业的可持续发展，市政公用基础设施的“瓶颈”制约却日趋严重。我国市政公用基础设施建设的超前系数远远低于国外发达国家的水平。     

Part Hare, Part Tortoise – Explaining patterns in Norwegian public utilities reforms 1990–2010

In this article we compare four Norwegian public utilities sectors: the electricity industry, the e-com industry, the railway and the postal service. All sectors have been subject to public policy reforms since the 1980s, though reform content and degree varies. In the electricity industry Norway is a liberalization forerunner - a virtual reform “hare”, to borrow from Olsen’s (1996) Aesop’s fable metaphor. In other network industries such as the railway Norway is a reform “tortoise”. We seek to answer the question: How and why has governance of the four industries been reformed? We explore four possible explanations for similarities and differences across sectors: technological change, market conditions, agency and European Union (EU) regulation. We cannot identify a national model for reforms across these sectors. We find single factors standing out in the explanation of the reforms in the various sectors. The puzzle is that it is different factors in different sectors.     

Structural and regulatory reform in Turkey: Lessons form public utilities

Turkey is one of the countries that recently initiated regulatory reform in public utilities. Although Turkey tried to introduce competition to many industries through a liberalization movement that started in the 1980s, utilities remained as monopolies until the early 2000s. In the beginning of the 2000s, reforms restructured the utilities through deregulation and competition policies and established independent regulatory agencies. Whereas the reforms have been successful in some aspects, they remain insufficient in others. This paper anecdotally investigates the effects of (de)regulation on selected public utility industries and analyzes the pros and cons of the reform process. Also, it presents a comparative analysis to better understand the current institutional and governmental issues in the reform process. The findings suggest that the recently changing stance of government towards the (de)regulatory process could thwart the success of reform.     

城市公用事业发展的国外与国内经验(上)——为《中国城市公用事业绿皮书No2》作序

研究世界各国城市公用事业的发展和改革历程,从中国社会经济发展情况,探讨中国城市公用事业改革的途径。     

内燃机产业园区的绿色设计

提出了内燃机产业园区绿色设计的概念,创新了内燃机产业园区的设计,对园区生产的内燃机产品、园区的选址、绿化、工艺、设备选型、建筑及公用动力设施等诸多方面的绿色设计进行了阐述,旨在倡导设计建设资源节约型、环境友好的生态产业园区.     

河北省市政公用事业改革现状及其展望

以河北省为例,分析了市政公用事业改革的现状及其存在问题,提出了市政公用设施改革的方向及其措施.     

Ownership and sustainability of Italian water utilities: The stakeholder role

After several decades, the political and academic debate on water governance is still dominated by arguments about whether private sector involvement increases both efficiency and the level of investment within the industry. These arguments could appear reductive, especially in a context like Italy, which is dominated by public and mixed-ownership water utilities. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the socio-economic context and stakeholders' interests can influence the relationship between ownership structure and water utilities' sustainability performances. Analyzing six case studies, this research shows that the institutional context may influence both the water governance and utilities’ performance. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Incorporating nonrevenue water in the efficiency assessment of water supply utilities: A parametric enhanced hyperbolic distance function

This study assesses the technical efficiency of water utilities incorporating an undesirable output, nonrevenue water, and allowing a proportional input reduction. A parametric enhanced hyperbolic distance function was applied to Malaysia's 14 state water utilities from 2000 to 2017. Overall, Malaysia's water utilities can increase the water volume delivered while decreasing nonrevenue water and making further input reductions. Water utilities, on average, experienced higher technical efficiency after the regulatory reform. Network density and regulatory reform significantly influenced the technical inefficiency of water utilities in Malaysia.     

市政公用事业改革构想

阐述了市政公用事业,从具有完备的法制保障体系、推行特许经营、实现政企分离、强化政府监管、完善现行价格机制等方面对市政公用事业的改革提出了一些构想,从而实现高效率、高质量的提供公共产品和公共服务的目标。     

Public-interest research and development in the electric and gas utility industries

An unintended consequence of the restructuring of the electricity industry in the US has been a sharp decline in expenditures for research and development (R&D) by investor-owned utilities. This paper examines how the public interest may be damaged by this decline in R&D expenditures and discusses strategies that could be employed to mitigate the damage.     

Assessing a decade of regulatory performance for the Lesotho electricity industry

Government-run electricity utilities around the world have been subjected to reform and regulation over the last two decades in an effort to introduce private investment and competition for reliable and affordable services in support of socio-economic development. Although extensive scholarly literature abounds with regard to experiences with restructuring and regulation in many developed economies, research on electricity-sector regulatory performance in small African developing countries like Lesotho is still rare. This article provides an empirical assessment of the three critical regulatory dimensions of governance, substance, and impact in order to evaluate the performance of electricity industry regulation in Lesotho for the period 2004–2014.