淬火分配工艺对低碳低合金钢组织与性能的研究

研究了0.15C-Mn-Si-Cr低碳低合金钢在Ms点以下不同温度预淬火-碳分配工艺(QP工艺)及贝氏体转变对钢组织与性能影响。结果表明,实验钢经QP处理后获得贝氏体/马氏体复相组织,与淬火回火钢相比能获得更多的残余奥氏体量,随着淬火碳分配温度的升高,钢中残余奥氏体量增加,等温温度超过310℃后,钢中析出碳化物,残余奥氏体量减少。在250℃预淬火温度等温碳分配淬火,钢的冲击韧性显著高于传统的淬火回火钢。     

低温回火对FG20贝氏体非调质钢组织和性能的影响

1 前言由于低碳贝氏体型非调质钢具有强度高、韧性和塑性好等特点,因此,它得到世界主要工业国家的重视。而进一步提高贝氏体钢的强度又保证其高的韧性是目前研究的重点。本文阐述的FG20贝氏体非调质钢是一种新型贝氏体非调质钢。它利用Mo、V等强碳化合物形成元素的交互作用取代B来增加钢的淬透性,从而克服了以往贝氏体非     

钢中的低碳马氏体及条间奥氏体

低碳马氏体形成时可能存在碳的扩散,使条间奥氏体富碳,以及受协作形变强化的力学稳定,保持至室温,形成淬火钢中马氏体条间的奥氏体,它对低碳马氏体的韧化起重要的作用。低碳马氏体形成时碳的扩散并非必需过程;马氏体与基体间为平直界面,而贝氏体界面却存在巨型台阶;低碳马氏体也并不按贝氏体形式长大;证明低碳马氏体形成机制和贝氏体的不同。低温回火时,由于渗碳体自马氏体脱溶的形核(长大)驱动力较大,先由马氏体析出渗碳体;长时间回火时,由于条间奥氏体分解驱动力较大,又受到马氏体脱溶呈收缩的拉应力促使分解;提出回火马氏体致脆的机制为马氏体脱溶和奥氏体分解的互为关联的过程。应用低碳马氏体时须注意避免回火马氏体致脆及加强条间奥氏体的稳定性。     

汽车用微合金化非调质钢的进展

与淬回火调质钢比较,空冷非调质钢不但能降低成本,而且可避免热处理所引起的零件变形,减少机械性能的偏差。介绍了空冷铁素体-珠光体高韧性非调质钢、贝氏体和马氏体非调质钢的进展以及当前国内非调质钢的生产和应用。     

直接淬火石油储罐用钢N610E的回火组织与力学性能

 N610E级石油储备罐用钢(12MnNiVR)常用加热调质处理工艺生产。利用OM、TEM等试验方法,研究了石油储罐用钢N610E直接淬火后,不同回火温度对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：直接淬火钢经655℃回火,钢板具有最佳综合力学性能,其抗拉强度640MPa,屈服强度570MPa,伸长率22%,－20℃冲击功273J,不同回火温度的N610E钢韧脆?湮露染冢?0℃以下。随回火温度的升高,板条贝氏体回复作用逐渐加强,位错通过运动、合并、重组,相邻板条合并,组织粗化;回火后钢的力学性能变化趋势的非单调性,归因于回火过程贝氏体中位错亚结构的回复软化与碳的脱溶及第二相的析出强化机制综合作用。     

贝氏体钢抗磨料磨损性能的研究

本文用ML—10型磨料磨损试验机,研究了Mo-B系不同含碳量的贝氏体钢,在不同冷却速度和等温热处理条件下,组织对抗磨损性能的影响。结果得出,低碳钢板条状马氏体抗磨损性能最好,下贝氏体次之,粒状贝氏体较差。中碳钢下贝氏体的抗磨性能高于上贝氏体。高碳钢下贝氏体和下贝氏体与马氏体的混合组织的抗磨损性能高于上贝氏体和淬火马氏体。在等温转变条件下,高碳钢下贝氏体的抗磨损性能最好,中碳下贝氏体次之,再次为低碳下贝氏体。硬度相同时,等温处理钢的抗磨损性能明显地高于淬火回火钢。     

高强度高韧性非调质钢

高强度高韧性非调质钢生产抗拉强度８００Ｎ／ｍｍ￣２级的机械结构用钢时，产品的坯料经过加热锻造之后，要进行淬火、回火的调质处理工艺。为了达到不用调质处理的目的，开发了非调质钢。并以实用性为目的，推进汽车和建筑机械配件的进步。最近，采用合金钢经淬火、回火...     

硼对780 MPa低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

试验低碳贝氏体钢（/%:0.08C,0.11~0.13Si,1.10~1.20Mn,0.008~0.009P,0.002S,0.21~0.23Ni,0.020~0.021Ti,0.003~0.004Nb,0~0.0010B,0.000 7~0.0008O,0.0031~0.0033N）由50kg真空感应炉熔炼,轧成45mm钢板,并经930℃淬火,610℃回火。研究了0.0010%硼对780 MPa低碳贝氏体钢45mm板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,硼可显著提高试验钢的淬透性,不含硼试验钢淬火后得到粒状贝氏体,0.0010%硼试验钢淬火后得到板条贝氏体。硼明显改善试验低碳贝氏体钢的力学性能,含0.0010%硼试验钢淬、回火后的抗拉强度834MPa和屈服强度771MPa远高于不含硼试验钢的抗拉强度702MPa和屈服强度591MPa,实际生产中应加入适量硼可使低碳贝氏体钢得到板条贝氏体。     

回火工艺对贝氏体辙叉心轨钢组织性能影响研究

研究了Si—Mn—Cr低碳贝氏体钢在正火和回火过程中的组织转变和性能变化。结果表明:经350℃回火后具有良好的强韧配合,新型贝氏体钢屈服强度为1 196 MPa,抗拉强度为1 437 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别为13%和50%,冲击韧性为72 J/cm~2,强韧性配合明显高于普通及淬火珠光体钢轨钢。而在450℃～600℃回火时出现明显的回火脆性。通过研究回火后的组织转变及残余奥氏体热稳定性、机械稳定性的变化,探讨了无碳贝氏体韧化及脆化机理,提出了适于该钢的最佳回火工艺。     

高韧性铁素体+贝氏体型非调质钢

1.前言 近年来,大力开展以汽车构件为中心,可以省略淬火回火处理工序的非调质钢的研究,并已进入工业化阶段。但是,问题在于这种向碳素钢中添加V的非调质钢,热锻后均具有粗大的铁索体+珠光体组织,所以与淬火回火钢相比,其韧性和疲劳强度偏低。最近,虽然正在进行用降C提Mn的方法来改善韧性的研究,但在不同锻造条件下还得不到稳定的性能。为此,本研究以开发热锻后具有稳定的高韧性的非调质钢为目的,研究了铁素体+贝氏体型非调质钢的各种性能。其结果,研     

Recent Development of Air-Cooled Bainitic Steels Containing Manganese

The superiorities of air-cooled bainitic steels were described. A series of air-cooled bainitic steels containing manganese were developed and presented, which include low carbon granular bainitic steels, low carbon grain-boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite dual phase steels, medium and medium high carbon bainite/martensite dual phase steel, low carbon carbide free bainite/martensite dual phase steels and casting bainitic steels.The development of ultra-low carbon bainitic steels in China was also introduced.     

转向节用贝氏体型非调质钢的高周疲劳性能

 利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法对比研究了新开发的两种转向节用贝氏体型非调质钢的高周疲劳性能。结果表明, 两种不同碳含量的贝氏体型非调质钢具有细小均匀的贝氏体铁素体+M-A岛组成的粒状贝氏体组织;两者具有相当的强度水平和疲劳性能,但其疲劳性能低于同等强度水平的调质钢。与锻态相比,正火处理后,试验料的抗拉强度和疲劳强度均有一定程度的降低,但屈强比和疲劳极限比明显提高。对疲劳断口的分析表明,试验料的疲劳裂纹均起源于表面基体,疲劳裂纹以准解理机制扩展。裂纹扩展速率试验表明,含碳量较低的试验料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN明显低于含碳量较高的试验料。     

贝氏体钢的研究开发与应用

综述了国内外研究开发贝氏体钢的进展，评价了低，中碳贝氏体钢的性能及控制方法，以及新型高强高韧贝氏体钢的研究与应用前景。     

亚温正火对非调质钢30Mn2V组织和性能的影响

试验结果表明，在亚临界区加热，缓慢冷却，非调质钢30Mn2V中铁素体含量增多且不出现粒状贝氏体组织，可使室温冲击韧性大幅度提高。     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

 研究了碳含量不同和显微组织不同的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并和商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi做了相应的比较。在碳含量比较低的情况下,组织类型对试验钢的耐蚀性影响不大;碳含量比较高时,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢。轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,碳含量低的钢的耐蚀性优于碳含量较高的钢。用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的试样在腐蚀后期形成了较致密的内锈层。碳的质量分数分别为0.03%和0.1%的钢水冷后的平均腐蚀速率相差很小,但从微观角度看其点蚀发展趋势不同。加速腐蚀5个周期后,w(C)为003%的水冷钢中蚀坑尺寸不再增加,而w(C)为01%的钢中蚀坑尺寸仍有增加趋势。     

Development of New Type Mn-Series Bainitic Steels in China

The alloying design idea,strengthening-toughening mechanism,microstructure,mechanical performances,development and application in China of new type Mn-series bainitic steels are introduced.Mn-series air-cooling bainitic steels including granular bainitic steels,FGBA /BG duplex steels,CFB/M duplex steels,medium carbon bainite/martensite steels,cast bainitic steels are presented.The invented idea mechanical performances,development and application of second generation of Mn-series bainitic steels,i.e.water quenching Mn-series bainitic steels invented by the authors newly are introduced.The water quenching Mn-series bainitic steels cover severe series steels containing ultra-low carbon,low-low carbon,medium-low carbon,and high-low carbon content etc,which can reduce the amount of alloying content,increase hardening capability and improve weldability.It should be pointed out that the application of both air cooling and water quenching Mn-series bainitic steels are complementary and mutually reinforcing,and the new type Mn-series bainitic steels can meet the performance requirements of most steels used in engineering structure.Some newest technologies of Mn-series bainitic steels in China are discussed in this paper.It is suggested that the significance of the development of the Mn-series bainitic steels can be summarized as:significantly reducing costs of both raw materials and production;good combination of strength and toughness;excellent weldability;simple procedure;large savings in energy resources and reduced environmental pollution.     

Elastic limit and microplastic response of hardened steels

Tempered martensite-retained austenite microstructures were produced by direct quenching a series of 41XX medium carbon steels, direct quenching and reheating a series of five 0.8C-Cr- Ni-Mo steels and intercritically austenitizing at various temperatures, and quenching a SAE 52100 steel. All specimens were tempered either at 150 °C or at 200 °C. Specimens were subjected to compression and tension testing in the microstrain regime to determine the elastic limits and microplastic response of the microstructures. The retained austenite and matrix carbon content of the intercritically austenized specimens were measured by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The elastic limit of the microstructures decreases with increasing amounts of retained austenite. Refining of the austenite distribution increases the elastic limit. Low elastic limits are mainly due to low flow stresses in the austenite and not internal stresses. The elastic limit correlates with the largest austenite free-mean path by a Hall-Petch type equation. The elastic limit increases with decreasing intercritical austenitizing temperature in the SAE 52100 due to (1) a lower carbon content in the matrix reducing the retained austenite levels and (2) retained carbides that refine grain size and, therefore, the austenite distribution in quenched specimens. The microplastic response of stable austenite-martensite composites may be modeled by a rule of mixtures. In the microplastic region, the strain is accommodated by successively smaller austenite regions until the flow strength matches that of the martensite. Reheating and quenching refines the microstructure and renders the austenite unstable in the microplastic regime, causing transformation of the austenite to martensite by a strain-induced mechanism. The transformation of austenite to martensite occurs by a stress-assisted mechanism in medium carbon steels. The low elastic limits in medium carbon steels were due to the inability of the strain from the stress-assisted transformation of austenite to martensite to balance the plastic strain accumulated in the austenite.     

淬火-配分马氏体钢的组织特征

淬火-配分(Quenching and Partitioning,简称QP)工艺是针对马氏体钢提出的热处理新工艺。利用QP工艺处理40Si2Ni2钢,并通过扫描电镜观察其微观组织特征。结果表明,与传统淬火+回火工艺得到的组织不同,QP组织为低碳(回火态)和高碳马氏体(淬火态)共存,其中高碳马氏体呈现为有规则几何形状、边界清晰、无析出物析出的块状组织,淬火温度(QT)对高碳马氏体(淬火态)量有影响。     

等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢组织及耐磨性的影响

设计了一种0.7C的低合金超细贝氏体钢,并通过膨胀仪、二体磨损实验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及能谱仪,研究了不同等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢的贝氏体相变动力学、微观组织以及干滑动摩擦耐磨性的影响,揭示超细贝氏体钢在二体磨损条件下的耐磨性能和磨损机理.研究结果表明,不同等温温度下的超细贝氏体钢都由片层状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状以及块状的残留奥氏体组成;随着等温温度的升高,超细贝氏体的相变速率提高,相变孕育期及相变完成时间缩短,但贝氏体铁素体板条厚度增加,残留奥氏体含量增加,硬度值有所降低;超细贝氏体钢磨损面形貌以平直的犁沟为主,主要的磨损机理为显微切削;不同等温温度下所获得的超细贝氏体的耐磨性能都优于回火马氏体,且随着等温温度的降低,耐磨性能提高.其中在250℃等温所获得的超细贝氏体钢具有最优的耐磨性能,其相对耐磨性为回火马氏体的1.28倍.这主要与超细贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体板条的细化及磨损过程中残留奥氏体的形变诱导马氏体相变（TRIP）效应有关.      

铬和铝元素对低碳贝氏体钢组织和性能影响

 低碳贝氏体钢通常需要添加一定量合金元素来提升性能,为了研究合金元素铬和铝在低碳贝氏体钢中的作用,以Fe-C-Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢为基础,设计了单独添加铬元素和复合添加Cr+Al元素的3种低碳贝氏体钢,研究了铬和铝的添加对连续冷却处理低碳贝氏体钢显微组织、力学性能及贝氏体相变的影响规律。结果表明,连续冷却条件下,铬可以促进低碳贝氏体钢相变趋向于更低的温度区间进行,细化贝氏体组织,从而提高强度;铝可以促进贝氏体相变动力学,但对低碳贝氏体钢意义不大。同时,添加铝会使低碳贝氏体钢组织粗化,导致强度和伸长率同时下降。综合来看,复合添加铬和铝的优化效果不如单独添加铬,单独添加铬的低碳贝氏体钢强度达到1 623 MPa,伸长率为10.5%,结果可以为低碳贝氏体钢成分设计提供依据。