柴油机机油耗高的排查改进及控制

介绍了柴油机机油消耗高的排查方法,通过对机油消耗率影响因素的分析,进行试验和测量,提出了设计改进措施和质量控制措施,使柴油机机油消耗率得到了进一步降低,同时也促进了柴油机的环保排放达标。     

涡流室燃烧室的结构设计对柴油机性能的影响

涡流室式柴油机是当前我国生产量最大、制造厂最多、使用最广泛的一类内燃机。因此改进它的性能、降低其燃油消耗率和有害排放,可以带来较大的经济效益和社会效益。本文通过试验探讨了涡流室燃烧室的结构对柴油机的燃油消耗率和排放的影响,得到一些燃油消耗率较低、排放指标较好的涡流室燃烧室的改进设计方案;对于涡流室燃烧室中非常复杂的燃烧过程和氮氧化物的形成,也获得了一些新的认识。     

小型柴油机内部EGR技术仿真与试验研究

以某小型挖掘机用柴油机为研究对象,提出一种采用双峰排气凸轮的方法来实现内部废气再循环,达到降低NOx排放的目的。分析了排气小凸轮的升程、包角和位置变化对柴油机的NOx排放、功率和燃油消耗率的影响规律,并进行了柴油机外特性和EPA八工况法排放测量来验证改进效果。试验结果表明:采用双峰排气凸轮轴后NOx排放显著降低,同时CO和HC排放也有所减少,对功率和燃油消耗率的影响不大。     

改进进气道降低6200型柴油机燃油消耗率和烟度

本文主要介绍通过改进进气道形状,减小进气涡流,从而降低6200系列柴油机燃油消耗率和排放烟度的试验研究工作     

EGR冷却温度对重型柴油机性能及排放的影响

以一台配有废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)冷却系统和可变几何截面涡轮增压器的高压共轨重型柴油机作为研究对象,进行了EGR冷却温度对柴油机性能及排放影响的台架试验研究。结果表明:随着EGR冷却温度降低,柴油机燃油消耗率、烟度和NOx排放均持续降低。而EGR冷却温度每降低1℃,柴油机燃油消耗率、烟度和NOx排放在不同转速、负荷下降幅差异明显。燃油消耗率在中等转速、低负荷工况降幅最大,NOx排放和烟度在高转速、低负荷工况下降幅最大;在考虑到EGR冷却系统消耗的能量后,可以通过计算得到理论燃油消耗率。在兼顾燃油消耗率和排放性的原则下得到了各工况下EGR相对最优冷却温度,而所得到的相对最优EGR冷却温度正是各个试验工况下理论燃油消耗率最低的温度。     

DKM-28柴油机的再改进

简述了8DKM-28柴油机有关零部件的改进,通过这些改进,降低了该型柴油机质量损失,节约了大量资金,彻底解决了该型柴油机试车过程浪费严重,燃油凸轮调整困难,曲轴箱安全阀漏气、油,气管系酸洗后清洁度差,不能满足NOx排放要求等问题,提高了8DKM-28柴油机工作的可靠性和经济性能。     

柴油机燃用柴油/水煤浆混合燃料性能与排放研究

对柴油机燃用柴油/水煤浆混合燃料进行了试验研究,结果表明:与柴油相比,使用混合燃料后柴油机多数工况的有效热效率下降;燃料消耗率有所增加,但折算成当量柴油消耗率基本降低;NO_x排放明显下降,最低为原机的20%;CO和HC排放有所上升,但仍能满足排放标准。     

机电联合控制LPG-柴油双燃料增压发动机的研究

对增压柴油机燃用 L PG-柴油双燃料、采用 2种机电联合控制方案进行了较为深入的研究 ,对比分析了原柴油机和机电联合控制 L PG-柴油双燃料发动机的动力性、燃料经济性和碳烟、NOx、CO、HC排放。机电联合控制方案 1的试验研究表明 :掺烧 L PG后 ,可以显著地降低柴油机的碳烟排放 ;但在小负荷范围内 ,燃料消耗率略有增加 ,HC、CO排放增加较多。机电联合控制方案 2的试验研究表明 :双燃料发动机和原柴油机外特性相比 ,转矩几乎不降低 ,燃料消耗率略有下降 ,碳烟排放显著降低 ,NOx、CO排放变化不大 ,HC排放增加 ;双燃料发动机和原柴油机负荷特性相比 ,燃料消耗率在小负荷范围内持平而在中等以上负荷略有下降 ,碳烟排放显著降低 ,NOx 排放变化不大 ,HC、CO排放在小负荷范围内基本相同而在中等以上负荷略有增加。     

降低165F柴油机机油消耗率的试验研究

机油消耗率是柴油机的一个重要经济指标,它影响柴油机的性能和寿命.降低机油消耗率是提高柴油机经济性、可靠性和节约能源的有效措施之一.165F柴油机自投产以来,机油消耗率很不稳定.少数柴油机的机油消耗率竟高达10g/(PS·h).严重者还影响柴油机的正常使用.为此,近几年来我厂组织了QC小组(质量管理小组)专题攻关.对165F柴油机进行了降低机油消耗率的试验研究.尤其是对活塞环结构等作了明显改进.并在实际使用中对改进的方案进行了验证,取得了较好的效果.     

柴油机机内净化的排放试验研究

利用机内净化技术对某增压中冷柴油机进行国Ⅲ开发的排放试验研究。技术措施包括：采用更高喷射压力机械喷油泵、小孔径无压力室喷油器、降低机油消耗率等改进方案优化柴油机燃烧,降低颗粒（PM）排放;通过推迟供油提前角、废气再循环技术,降低氮氧化物（NOx）排放。试验表明,综合实施以上方案,柴油机能够满足国Ⅲ排放法规限值要求,具有良好的市场应用前景。     

Impact of HHO produced from dry and wet cell electrolyzers on diesel engine performance,emissions and combustion characteristics

Water electrolysis produces HHO gas by using sodium hydroxide catalyst. Dry and wet cells designs are applied producing the gas flow rates at 0.5 and 0.75 LPM, respectively. Tests are done in a diesel engine at engine speed variation and full load. Performance, combustion characteristics and emissions investigations of diesel engines using HHO gas from dry and wet cells are performed. HHO gas addition enhances the brake thermal efficiency by 2 and 2.5% but the exhaust gas temperature highest decreases for dry and wet cells are 8 and 10%, respectively about diesel oil. The maximum decreases are evaluated as for CO (15, 22%), HC (31, 39%), NO_x (35, 42%) and smoke emissions (25, 35%), respectively for dry and wet cells about diesel fuel. The improvements in cylinder pressures are 5 and 10%, respectively and the heat release rate enhancements are 4.5 and 6.5%, respectively about pure diesel for dry and wet configurations.     

降低DK28柴油机NOx排放的对策

阐述了DK28系列柴油机排气中的有害成分、硫氧化物、氮氧化物的形成原因,以及降低NOx,SOx排放的措施。通过这些措施降低了DK28系列柴油机的氮氧化物排放,使过了成熟期的DK28系列柴油机再次获得新生。     

X195型柴油机燃用乙醇-柴油混合燃料排放性能试验研究

结合X195型柴油机结构特点,在原X195柴油机基础上对其燃料供给系统进行了改进,并对乙醇-柴油混合喷射柴油机进行了排放性能试验,试验结果表明,改进后的发动机可以较大降低排气烟度和NOx的排放。     

An integral evaluation of dieselisation policies for households’ cars

Reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the transport sector is a priority for Great Britain and other European countries as part of their agreements made in the Kyoto protocol and the Voluntary Agreement. To achieve these goals, it has been proposed to increase the market share of diesel vehicles which are more efficient than petrol ones. Based on partial approaches, previous research concluded that increasing the share of diesel vehicles will decrease CO₂ emissions (see 1 and 18; Zervas, 2006). Unlike these approaches, I use an integral approach based on discrete choice models to analyse diesel vehicle penetration in a broader context of transport in Great Britain. I provide for the first time, empirical evidence which is in line with Bonilla's (2009) argument that only improvements in vehicle efficiency will not be enough to achieve their goals of mitigation of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. The model shows the technical limitations that the penetration of diesel vehicles faces and that a combination of improvements in public transportation and taxes on fuel prices is the most effective policy combination to reduce the total amount of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions among the analysed dieselisation polices.     

降低B系列柴油机排放的研究

本文主要对东风康明斯B系列柴油机如何降低发动机尾气排放进行了研究。为了满足日益严格的排放法规，东风公司对B系列柴油机的燃烧系统和供油系统等作了改进，运些改进措施有效地改善了发动机的尾气排放。文章也简要地对今后满足欧Ⅱ、欧Ⅲ排放标准进行了探讨和研究。     

Dazzled by diesel? The impact on carbon dioxide emissions of the shift to diesels in Europe through 2009

This paper identifies trends in new gasoline and diesel passenger car characteristics in the European Union between 1995 and 2009. By 2009 diesels had captured over 55% of the new vehicle market. While the diesel version of a given car model may have as much as 35% lower fuel use/km and 25% lower CO₂ emissions than its gasoline equivalent, diesel buyers have chosen increasingly large and more powerful cars than the gasoline market. As a result, new diesels bought in 2009 had only 2% lower average CO₂ emissions than new gasoline cars, a smaller advantage than in 1995. A Laspeyres decomposition investigates which factors were important contributors to the observed emission reductions and which factors offset savings in other areas. More than 95% of the reduction in CO₂ emissions per km from new vehicles arose because both diesel and gasoline new vehicle emissions/km fell, and only 5% arose because of the shift from gasoline to diesel technology. Increases in vehicle mass and power for both gasoline and diesel absorbed much of the technological efficiency improvements offered by both technologies. We also observe changes in the gasoline and diesel fleets in eight EU countries and find changes in fuel and emissions intensities consistent with the changes in new vehicles reported. While diesel cars continue to be driven far farther than gasoline cars, we attribute only some of this difference to a “rebound effect”. We conclude that while diesel technology has permitted significant fuel savings, the switch from gasoline to diesel in the new vehicle market contributed little itself to the observed reductions in CO₂ emissions from new vehicles.     

Effects of hydrogenation of fossil fuels with hydrogen and hydroxy gas on performance and emissions of internal combustion engines

Energy security is an important consideration for development of future transport fuels. Among the all gaseous fuels hydrogen or hydroxy (HHO) gas is considered to be one of the clean alternative fuels. Hydrogen is very flammable gas and storing and transporting of hydrogen gas safely is very difficult. Today, vehicles using pure hydrogen as fuel require stations with compressed or liquefied hydrogen stocks at high pressures from hydrogen production centres established with large investments.Different electrode design and different electrolytes have been tested to find the best electrode design and electrolyte for higher amount of HHO production using same electric energy. HHO is used as an additional fuel without storage tanks in the four strokes, 4-cylinder compression ignition engine and two-stroke, one-cylinder spark ignition engine without any structural changes. Later, previously developed commercially available dry cell HHO reactor used as a fuel additive to neat diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel mixtures. HHO gas is used to hydrogenate the compressed natural gas (CNG) and different amounts of HHO-CNG fuel mixtures are used in a pilot injection CI engine. Pure diesel fuel and diesel fuel + biodiesel mixtures with different volumetric flow rates are also used as pilot injection fuel in the test engine. The effects of HHO enrichment on engine performance and emissions in compression-ignition and spark-ignition engines have been examined in detail. It is found from the experiments that plate type reactor with NaOH produced more HHO gas with the same amount of catalyst and electric energy. All experimental results from Gasoline and Diesel Engines show that performance and exhaust emission values have improved with hydroxy gas addition to the fossil fuels except NO_x exhaust emissions. The maximum average improvements in terms of performance and emissions of the gasoline and the diesel engine are both graphically and numerically expressed in results and discussions. The maximum average improvements obtained for brake power, brake torque and BSFC values of the gasoline engine were 27%, 32.4% and 16.3%, respectively. Furthermore, maximum improvements in performance data obtained with the use of HHO enriched biodiesel fuel mixture in diesel engine were 8.31% for brake power, 7.1% for brake torque and 10% for BSFC.     

Emissions from sawdust biomass and diesel blends fuels

Biomass producer gas presents a very promising alternative fuel to diesel since it is a renewable and clean burning fuel having similar properties to those of diesel. In this outline, a multi-cylinder diesel engine is experimentally optimized for maximum diesel savings, lower emissions, and without any excessive vibration of the engine using sawdust biomass as producer gas. Emission parameters of the double-fuel engine at diverse gas flow rates are contrasted with those of diesel at distinctive load conditions. The study brings out that the greatest diesel reserve happens to be 80% at 8 kW load without any engine issue in dual-fuel mode. Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in dual-fuel mode are more contrasted with diesel at all test extents. Smoke opacity and oxide of nitrogen (NO) emission values in dual-fuel mode are less contrasted with diesel.     

陕柴-大发DK28系列柴油机

本文较为全面地介绍了陕柴-大发DK28系列柴油机,其中阐述了该型机的结构特点和性能指标以及在DL28柴油机的基础上所进行的一些结构设计改进。     

Using HHO (Hydroxy) and hydrogen enriched castor oil biodiesel in compression ignition engine

Hydrogen and HHO enriched biodiesel fuels have not been investigated extensively for compression ignition engine. This study investigated the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with hydrogen or HHO enriched Castor oil methyl ester (CME)-diesel blends. The production and blending of CME was carried out with a 20% volumetric ratio (CME20) using diesel fuel. In addition, the enrichment of intake air was carried out using pure HHO or hydrogen through the intake manifold with no structural changes – with the exception of the reduction of the amount of diesel fuel – for a naturally aspirated, four cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 3.6 L. Hydrogen amount was kept constant with a ratio of 10 L/min throughout the experiments. Engine performance parameters, including Brake Power, Brake Torque, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and exhaust emissions – including NOx and CO, – were tested at engine speeds between 1200 and 2600 rpm. It is seen that HHO enriched CME has better results compared to pure hydrogen enrichment to CME. An average improvement of 4.3% with HHO enriched CME20 was found compared to diesel fuel results while pure hydrogen enriched CME20 fuel resulted with an average increase of 2.6%. Also, it was found that the addition of pure hydrogen to CME had a positive effect on exhaust gas emissions compared to that adding HHO. The effects of both enriched fuels on the engine performance were minimal compared to that of diesel fuel. However, the improvements on exhaust gas emissions were significant.