中空度对中空酚醛纤维性能的影响

利用酚醛树脂纤维在固化中的皮芯效应,控制表皮固化层的交联厚度,用溶剂溶出未交联的芯部,制备出一系列不同中空度的中空酚醛纤维。分别采用SEM、电子纤维强力仪、TG-DSC、自制隔热效果测试仪对不同中空度中空酚醛纤维的截面形貌、力学性能、高温性能和隔热性能进行了考察。结果表明:随着中空酚醛纤维中空度的增加,中空纤维的壁厚变薄,纤维的表观力学性能、热分解温度和残炭率都逐渐降低,实际抗拉强度变化不大,隔热性能大幅提高。     

Mechanical characterization of melt spun fibers from recycled and virgin PET blends

In this study two Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) polymers obtained from mineral water bottles and a virgin fiber grade PET polymer were investigated. In order to improve their properties when reprocessed at high temperatures, recycled polymers were blended with virgin one. Thermal and rheological properties of extruded recycled/virgin (PET-V/R) blends showed a good microstructural stability compared to extruded pure recycled polymers. Mechanical behaviour of melt spun fibers obtained from recycled/virgin blends were investigated in static (tensile) and dynamic (DMA) modes and gave interesting properties. Fatigue failure of fibers was also studied and resulting fracture morphologies were analysed by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM).     

熔体纺丝和凝胶纺丝UHMWPE纤维结构对比

目前,通过熔体纺丝法制备出的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的拉伸强度不如凝胶纺丝纤维。文中利用热分析仪、广角X射线衍射仪、小角X射线散射仪研究了熔体纺丝和凝胶纺丝UHMWPE纤维的微观结构,通过对比发现,熔纺UHMWPE纤维拉伸强度不如凝胶纺丝纤维的原因在于熔体纺丝UHMWPE纤维的伸直链结晶含量低于凝纺纤维,大分子链没有获得充分的伸直,单斜晶的取向度较低,纤维的整体结构不如凝胶纺丝纤维致密。而造成这一结果的根本原因在于熔纺UHMWPE纤维的有效拉伸倍率不高。     

The characterization of low cost fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites produced by the DRIFT™ process

A new, low cost process for hot-melt impregnation of continuous reinforcing fibers with thermoplastic polymers is described. This technique can be used to fabricate various product forms including discontinuous, long-fiber products for compression molded parts, continuous fiber products for pultrusion, filament winding, and woven fabric applications. Mechanical data are presented for composites with various fiber and polymer combinations. Effects of fiber orientation and length on mechanical properties are discussed, and the effect of fiber–polymer bonding on impact strength and microstructure are shown. It is shown that the low cost and high performance achieved with this approach has the potential to expand applications of thermoplastic composite materials.     

Controlling of the interfacial shear strength between thermoplastic resin and carbon fiber by adsorbing polymer particles on carbon fiber using electrophoresis

In order to control the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and thermoplastic resins, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles have been adsorbed on the carbon fiber surfaces using an electrophoresis process. The amount of PMMA particles adsorbed on the modified carbon fibers was varied using the electrophoresis technique performed in polymer colloids for a short time. Additionally, the interfacial shear strength between the modified carbon fiber and the resin was controlled by a modification of the present process. An improved interaction and a strengthened surface adhesion between the carbon fiber coated with particles and the PMMA resin were observed.     

纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸料的制备工艺及研究进展

热塑性复合材料因冲击韧性高、环境适应性强、可回收利用等优点,被广泛应用于汽车制造、航空航天、国防军工等领域。但因热塑性树脂加热熔融后较高的黏度使其很难与纤维充分浸渍。预浸料作为制造复合材料的中间材料,现阶段制备工艺已相对成熟,预浸料中纤维已被树脂浸润,因此通过预浸料制备的复合材料孔隙率较低。本文介绍了现阶段常用的热塑性预浸料制备方法及各自的优缺点,包括溶液浸渍法、熔融浸渍法、粉末浸渍法、薄膜叠层法、纤维混杂法以及反应链增长浸渍法。阐述了热塑性树脂熔体浸润纤维的浸渍机理,对浸渍机理的部分研究成果进行了概括。概述了浸渍温度、浸渍压力和牵引速率对预浸带性能的影响。最后指出了国内预浸料生产中存在的主要问题,未来可采用多学科结合、纤维树脂改性、对浸渍过程进行计算机模拟等方法促进热塑性预浸带的产业化发展。     

Piezoelectricity of chiral polymeric fiber and its application in biomedical engineering

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), which is a type of chiral polymer, exhibits a high shear piezoelectric constant. To realize a higher shear piezoelectric constant, we spun PLLA resin into fibers. We succeeded in controlling the piezoelectric motion of a PLLA fiber by applying a dc voltage and ac voltage, similar to the control of a piezoelectric actuator. On the basis of this experimental result, we designed a catheter using a PLLA fiber (PLLA fiber catheter) and tweezers using a pair of PLLA fibers (PLLA fiber tweezers), controlled by adjusting the applied voltage. Then, using the PLLA fiber tweezers or catheter, we successfully picked up and removed small samples, such as a thrombosis in a blood vessel.     

Nanocomposite microfiber spinning using a UV-curable polymer in an aqueous environment

We report a hydrodynamic assisted nanocomposite microfiber spinning method using a UV-curable polymer. In contrast to a large number of previously reported fiber spinning methods, all the fabrication processes in the present method are performed in an aqueous environment, based on a photopolymerization process. The diameter of the spun fiber can be easily controlled at the scale of hundred microns by varying the draw ratio (the ratio of the take-up speed to the extrusion speed). To characterize the hydrodynamic phenomenon of polymer drawing, an analytic model and relevant physical parameters are employed. We also demonstrate QD (quantum dot)-based RGB color-emitting nanocomposite fibers and hetero-structural nanocomposite fibers with an RGB color column showing a rotational symmetry of 120° in one-step fabrication. Our approach is straightforward to implement using a variety of UV-curable polymers and can be applied to fabricate nanocomposite fibers with various physical properties and geometries. The processing features enable diverse possibilities for preparing novel nanocomposite materials and expanding the potential application of spun fibers.     

玻璃纤维织物/聚苯硫醚粉叠层模塑工艺与性能

研究聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂粉与玻璃纤维织物(GF)叠层模塑(粉末工艺)制复合材料的工艺与性能。测试各种工艺条件制GF/PPS层板的弯曲力学性能、动态力学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)探查树脂对纤维的浸渍及纤维/基体的界面粘合情况。SEM分析结果表明,粉末工艺制得的PPS基复合材料呈现高的力学性能,是由于树脂对纤维的均匀浸渍和良好的纤维/基体的界面粘合。熔前热压、高温成型、退火处理是粉末工艺制高质量GF/PPS层板的工艺要点。      

剑麻纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

综述了剑麻纤维和剑麻纤维增强复合材料的结构和性能及其应用.对剑麻纤维的综述主要包括剑麻纤维概况及与其他纤维的比较、剑麻纤维的表面处理方法和表征;对剑麻纤维增强复合材料的综述主要包括剑麻纤维增强热塑性树脂、热固性树脂、橡胶、水泥和石膏等其他基体复合材料的研究.     

Improved mechanical properties of PMMA composites: Dispersion,diffusion and surface adhesion of recycled carbon fiber fillers from CFRP with adsorbed particulate PMMA

In this study, composite materials were fabricated using the thermoplastic resin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and recycled carbon fibers obtained by pulverizing carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). PMMA particles were adsorbed on the carbon fiber surfaces via electrostatic interactions, to promote the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and the PMMA resin and thereby improve the dispersion of the fibers in the resin. This enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites; the yield stress and elastic modulus of the composite. As a result, the yield stress and elastic modulus of the composite improved owing to the prevention of void formation in the composite resulting from the chemical incompatibility between the filler and the resin and better dispersion of the PMMA-adsorbed carbon fibers in the resin compared to that in the unmodified fibers. This method can be applied to fabricate high-quality composites consisting of a combination of other resins and fillers.     

碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料渗透模型的研究

建立了热塑性树脂熔体渗透浸渍纤维的理论模型,由此表征了工艺参数、熔体黏度和纤维结构对浸渍时间的影响规律.结果表明,熔融尼龙树脂复合材料的理论纤维体积率很难达到70%以上.采用原位聚合方法能使尼龙树脂熔体黏度降低几个数量级,并能提高树脂基体熔体对纤维的浸渍效率.     

Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

The fiber-optic delivery of sparks in gases is challenging as the output beam must be refocused to high intensity (approximately 200 GW/cm(2) for nanosecond pulses). Analysis suggests the use of coated hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We study the effects of launch conditions and bending for 2 m long coated hollow fibers and find an optimum launch f# of approximately 55 allowing spark formation with approximately 98% reliability for bends up to a radius of curvature of 1.5 m in atmospheric pressure air. Spark formation using the output of a pulsed fiber laser is described, and delivery of 0.55 mJ pulses through PCFs is shown.     

An analytical model for predicting the freeze–thaw durability of wood–fiber composites

The development and validation of an analytical model that predicts the onset of frost-induced damage in wood–plastic composites (WPCs) is presented in this work. The mathematical model is based on the mechanics of a hollow cylinder subjected to an internal pressure caused by the expansion of freezing moisture bound in the wood–fiber reinforcement. The model is substantiated using experimental data from several published studies. Using a stochastic approach, the model is implemented to analyze the effect of wood fiber specie, fiber volume fraction, and matrix material properties on the frost resistance of fully and partially saturated WPCs. Results show that WPCs with high fiber contents, high moisture contents, and low polymer tensile strengths are most susceptible to frost-induced damage. Data also suggest that the use of softwood fibers (e.g., pine, spruce) and polymers with low moduli and high tensile strengths enhances the frost-resistance of WPCs.     

固体浮力材料用中空环氧大珠的制备及性能研究

以发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)泡沫球、环氧树脂、硅灰石纤维为原材料,采用喷涂法制备了中空环氧大珠并研究了硅灰石纤维添加量、目数和表面改性对中空环氧大珠性能的影响。结果表明:使用200目经过表面改性的硅灰石纤维且硅灰石纤维和环氧树脂添加比例在0.8∶1到1∶1之间时,得到的中空环氧大珠密度为0.3 g/cm^3,抗压强度为6 MPa,能够满足固体浮力材料实际使用需求。     

Multifunctional Micro/Nanoscale Fibers Based on Microfluidic Spinning Technology

Superfine multifunctional micro/nanoscale fibrous materials with high surface area and ordered structure have attracted intensive attention for widespread applications in recent years. Microfluidic spinning technology (MST) has emerged as a powerful and versatile platform because of its various advantages such as high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, effective heat transfer, and enhanced reaction rate. The resultant well‐defined micro/nanoscale fibers exhibit controllable compositions, advanced structures, and new physical/chemical properties. The latest developments and achievements in microfluidic spun fiber materials are summarized in terms of the underlying preparation principles, geometric configurations, and functionalization. Variously architected structures and shapes by MST, including cylindrical, grooved, flat, anisotropic, hollow, core–shell, Janus, heterogeneous, helical, and knotted fibers, are emphasized. In particular, fiber‐spinning chemistry in MST for achieving functionalization of fiber materials by in situ chemical reactions inside fibers is introduced. Additionally, the applications of the fabricated functional fibers are highlighted in sensors, microactuators, photoelectric devices, flexible electronics, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and water collection. Finally, recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.     

Super‐Strong,Super‐Stiff Macrofibers with Aligned,Long Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers

With their impressive properties such as remarkable unit tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical agents that normally degrade conventional macrofibers, high‐performance macrofibers are now widely used in various fields including aerospace, biomedical, civil engineering, construction, protective apparel, geotextile, and electronic areas. Those macrofibers with a diameter of tens to hundreds of micrometers are typically derived from polymers, gel spun fibers, modified carbon fibers, carbon‐nanotube fibers, ceramic fibers, and synthetic vitreous fibers. Cellulose nanofibers are promising building blocks for future high‐performance biomaterials and textiles due to their high ultimate strength and stiffness resulting from a highly ordered orientation along the fiber axis. For the first time, an effective fabrication method is successfully applied for high‐performance macrofibers involving a wet‐drawing and wet‐twisting process of ultralong bacterial cellulose nanofibers. The resulting bacterial cellulose macrofibers yield record high tensile strength (826 MPa) and Young's modulus (65.7 GPa) owing to the large length and the alignment of nanofibers along fiber axis. When normalized by weight, the specific tensile strength of the macrofiber is as high as 598 MPa g^?1 cm³, which is even substantially stronger than the novel lightweight steel (227 MPa g^?1 cm³).     

Simulation Guided Coaxial Electrospinning of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Hollow Fibers with Tailored Piezoelectric Performance

Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric fibers have high potential applicability in mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing owing to their high electromechanical coupling capabilities. Strategies for tailoring fiber morphology have been the primary focus for realizing enhanced piezoelectric output. However, the relationship between piezoelectric performance and fiber structure remains unclear. This study fabricates PVDF hollow fibers through coaxial electrospinning, whose wall thickness can be tuned by changing the internal solution concentration. Simulation analysis demonstrates an increased effective deformation of the hollow fiber as enlarging inner diameter, resulting in enhanced piezoelectric output, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental results. This study is the first to unravel the influence mechanism of morphology regulation of a PVDF hollow fiber on its piezoelectric performance from both simulation and experimental aspects. The optimal PVDF hollow fiber piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) delivers a piezoelectric output voltage of 32.6 V, ≈3 times that of the solid PVDF fiber PEH. Furthermore, the electrical output of hollow fiber PEH can be stably stored in secondary energy storage systems to power microelectronics. This study highlights an efficient approach for reconciling the simulation and tailoring the fiber PEH morphology for enhanced performances for future self-powered systems.     

熔纺聚乙烯醇纤维对水泥砂浆的增强增韧作用

采用实验室自制的熔纺聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、进口凝胶纺PVA纤维和国产湿法纺PVA纤维增强增韧水泥砂浆,研究了纤维纤度和掺量对其分散性及对水泥基复合材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明,与进口凝胶纺纤维和国产湿法纺纤维相比,纤度较大的熔纺纤维在水泥砂浆中分散均匀,与水泥砂浆粘接较好,增强增韧效果好,且其纺丝工艺简便、高效、环...     

接头尺寸对玻璃纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接性能的影响接头尺寸对玻璃纤维/热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接性能的影响

对玻璃纤维/聚酰胺（GF/PA）、玻璃纤维/聚甲醛（GF/POM）、玻璃纤维/聚丙烯（GF/PP）这三种玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料进行机械连接试样的常规拉伸试验,以及低周疲劳拉伸试验,并对疲劳前后的试样断裂面进行SEM观察,研究了接头尺寸（宽径比w/d （试样宽度/开孔直径）和端径比e/d （试样端距/开孔直径））对机械连接件破坏载荷和破坏模式的影响。实验结果表明:玻璃纤维增强纤热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接件的承载能力在一定的宽径比时会随着e/d的增加而增加,当w/d≥3、e/d≥2时趋于稳定;破坏模式以拉伸破坏为主;低周疲劳拉伸对GF/POM和GF/PA机械连接试样拉伸强度产生一定的影响,而对GF/PP的拉伸强度无明显影响,低周疲劳拉伸对玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料机械连接试样的破坏模式没有影响。SEM观察显示,随着疲劳载荷水平的增加,GF/POM和GF/PA的断裂面上被抽拔纤维数量增加,而GF/PP断裂面纤维与基体的存在状态无明显变化。