双粉法制备高性能Bi—2223／Ag多芯带材

采用主相为２２１２＋ＣａＣｕＯ所谓双粉作为前驱粉,用标准的粉末套管（ＰＩＴ）工艺制备了３７芯,６１芯和８５芯ＢＩ－２２２３银包套多芯带材,研究发现,采用双粉装管缩短了２２２３成相时间,仅用４０ｈ即获２２２３纯相,前驱粉中较大尺寸２２１２片状晶的存在益于Ｃａ,Ｃｕ传质和２２２３织构的提高,通过对加工工艺的精确控制,可有效防止芯丝的不均匀,清除防碍长带制备的芯丝“香肠”状现象,首次实现了双粉法制备高性     

前驱粉的相组成对Bi（Pb）-2223／Ag带材的微观结构和性能的影响

通过改变粉末的最终烧结温度制备出不同相组成的前驱粉。研究了前驱粉的相组成对Bi(Pb)-2223／Ag带材性能和带材微观结构的影响；从而得出装管前粉末的最佳相组成为：(Pb)2212主相加上一定量的第二相[Ca2PbO4和(Sr，Ca)CuO]，不含2201和2223相。前驱粉的最佳烧结温度应刚好低于2223相的起始成相温度820℃。制备出的最高带材性能Jc达到12kA／cm^2。     

The influence of cryogenic deformation on Bi2223 superconducting tapes

The influence of cryogenic deformation on Bi2223 superconducting tapes has been investigated in this paper. Mechanical deformation was carried out on Ag-sheathed mono- and multi- filamentary tapes and silver alloy-sheathed multi- filamentary tapes at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and room temperature, respectively. Results show that the critical current of the Bi2223 tapes is significantly enhanced by cryogenic deformation. SEM microstructure observations show that the cryogenic-tapes have higher core density, smoother silver/superconductor interface, and better grain alignment. Tensile tests indicate that the tapes pressed at liquid nitrogen temperature have better tensile behavior than those pressed at room temperature. This article is based on a presentation in “The 7th Korea-China Workshop on Advanced Materials” organized by the Korea-China Advanced Materials Cooperation Center and the China-Korea Advanced Materials Cooperation Center, held at Ramada Plaza Jeju Hotel, Jeju Island, Korea on August 24–27, 2003.     

Optimisation of Rolling Process for Bi(2223)/Ag Superconducting Tapes by a Statistical Method

Among various HTS (high-temperaturesuperconductor)/metal composites, Bi (2223)/Ag composite has demonstrated to be a veryPromising candidate for large-scale aPPlicationssuch as power cables and magnet coils [1, 2].In the fabrication of high-To superconductingwires or tapes, mechanical deformation is one ofthe most importal processes.In order to achieveoptimal microsthecfore in Ag-sheathed Bi-basedtapes, conditions must be Precisely controlledduring each processing step [3]. Lee et al. [4]…     

传输电流法测量Bi2223／Ag多芯高温超导带材的交流损耗

利用传输电流法设计了一套高温超导体自场损耗测量系统,样品上负载的传输电流幅值可以达到100A,频率在0.5Hz到1000Hz之间任意可调。测量了Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材在77K不同频率条件下的自场交流损耗,并将实验结果与Norris方程的预期值进行了比较,发现当传统电流的频率较低时,Bi2223/Ag的交流损耗主要是磁滞损耗;而当频率较高时耦合损耗不能忽略。     

冷却速率对(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag超导带材微观结构和性能的影响

研究了(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag带材在第1次热处理后,不同的冷却速率对其输运性能和微观结构的影响。利用XRD、SEM等分析手段对样品进行表征。结果表明：随着冷却速率的降低,带材中的2201相不断减少直至消失,而Ca2PbO4相的含量却不断增加;与此同时,带材中第二相粒子的尺寸也不断增大。带材的输运电流测量表明,随冷却速率（对数坐标）的降低,样品的临界电流密度线性增加,同时,带材在磁场下的性能也不断提高。这是由于慢冷导致(Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag带材的晶粒连接性变好和磁通钉扎能力提高造成的。     

基于磁路的高温超导带材临界电流连续检测方法

介绍了一种基于磁路的连续检测高温超导带材临界电流的方法 ,这种方法具有2个突出优势:(1)从原理上不会受机械振动影响产生噪音,从而可以实现高速、稳定的测量;(2)可以测量带有铁磁性RABi TS基底的高温超导带材。本研究介绍了该方法的基本原理,并搭建了用于测量千米级高温超导带材的实验装置。并通过对铋系、钇系高温超导带材的检测,验证了本方法的优势。     

Bi2223超导带材的机械性能的改善

通过在超导芯部引入Ag合金的方法制备了新结构单芯和多芯带材，并研究了此种带材机械性能，以及其相对于普通Bi-2223超导带材变化。这种新结构提高了Bi-2223超导带材抗拉伸应变的能力。在拉伸应力的作用下，单芯样品的屈服强度和σ0.2不可逆应变极限εirr和普通样品相比均有较大幅度的提高，其中的最大不可逆应变极限εirr约为0．32％，最大屈服强度σ0.2约为85MPa。多芯样品的最大不可逆应变极限εirr约为1．1％，最大屈服强度σ0.2约为160MPa。实验证明添加合金丝提高了纯银包套多芯带材的不可逆应变极限εirr，并减弱了临界电流的退化速度。但对合金包套的带材影响不大，这时合金包套对于带材的力学性能起主要作用。     

Microstructure and properties of Bi-2223/Ag/Ni tapes

To reduce the production cost of Bi-2223 superconducting tapes, Bi-2223/Ag/Ni tapes were fabricated by the powder-in-tube process. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and critical current of the Bi-2223/Ag/Ni tapes were studied. The phase compositions of the samples were characterized using XRD. The microstructure was observed using SEM. Experimental results indicate that higher temperature is more conducive to the formation of Bi-2223 phase at an atmosphere of 8.5% O 2 . After the two-step heat treatment, the critical current of samples is about 67.5 A.     

Effect of cooling rate on evolution of superconducting phases during decomposition and recrystallization of (Bi,Pb)-2223 core in Ag-sheathed tape

The reformation of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from the liquid or melt is very important for a melting process of (Bi,Pb)-2223 tape. By combination of quenching experiment with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the effect of cooling rate on the evolution of three superconducting phases in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 core of Ag-sheathed tape was investigated. The results show that (Bi,Pb)-2223 reformation from the melt seems to experience different routes during slowly cooling at different rates. One is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase reformed directly from the melt, and no Bi-2212 participate in this process. The other is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 is converted from the intermediate product, Bi-2212, which formed from the melt during the first cooling stage. Due to the inherent sluggish formation kinetics of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from Bi-2212, only partial (Bi,Pb)-2223 can finally be reformed with the second route.     

中间变形对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材织构的影响

借助于扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析摇摆曲线，研究了Bi-2223／Ag单芯超导带材制备过程中中间变形对Bi-2223超导相织构的影响。结果表明，织构度与中间变形量的关系曲线呈现峰值变化规律。采用轧制进行中间变形，Bi-2223／Ag单芯带材的变形量εopt为14．3％时Bi-2223相织构最佳；采用压制进行中间变形，变形量εopt为10．7％时Bi-2223相织构最佳。中间变形后的带材经过最终热处理，其Bi-2223相的织构得到进一步改善。四引线法临界电流密度测量结果表明，其与带材的织构度成正对应关系。     

银包覆Bi2223超导带材的热压试验研究

对银包覆Ｂｉ２２２３高温超导带材的热压作了系统试验研究，确定了合理的带材热压处理工艺规范。结果表明热压处理能提高超导带中粉芯的密度和晶粒织构度，从而提高超导带材临界电流密度Ｊｃ。超导带材的Ｊｃ与热压的温度、压力、热压与冷压的结合方式等有密切的关系。最大的Ｊｃ为２．２×１０４Ａ／ｃｍ２，７７Ｋ，０Ｔ。     

THE INFLUENCE OF PRECURSOR VARIABLES ON THE PHASE FORMATION,MICROSTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTY OF Bi—2223／Ag TAPES

The Bi-2223/Ag tapes were prepared with spray-died powders, which are of different particle sizes and phase assemblages by varying the annealing time in pure oxygen. Longer time annealing degraded the reactivity of precursor powder, which in turn resulted in an incomplete conversion from precursors to Bi-2223, porosity core and misaligned grains in fully processed tapes. The best Jc in short pressed samples varied from 29.7 to 47kA/cm2 for the tapes made from different powders.     

4．2K直流背景场下Bi2223超导带材的交流损耗

研究了Bi2223高温超导带材在4．2K和外加直流背景场条件下的交流损耗。讨论了磁场、电流、基体电阻率、超导芯的数目等因素对交流损耗的影响。所有的测量都在4．2K下进行，外加磁场的幅值最大是5T，损耗的测量采用传输电流法。     

Fabrication of non-superconducting and superconducting joints of Ag/Bi-2223 tapes by diffusion bonding

Diffusion bonding of multifilamentary Ag/Bi-2223(Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x) superconducting tapes has been performed successfully.Three types of joints,namely,with silver interlayer (type I),bonded directly (type II),with Bi-2212(Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1Cu_2O_x) powder interlayer or with Bi-2223 powder interlayer (type III) were researched,respectively.The critical currents(I_C) of these joints were measured and microstructures of the joints were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).The result shows that type I is non-superconducting joint with very low resistance,and type II joint and type III (with Bi-2212 or Bi-2223) joints are both of superconducting property.By comparing,type II joint possesses most excellent superconductivity,type III joint with Bi-2223 powder interlayer takes the second place,and type III joint with Bi-2212 powder interlayer is least.     

Processing high critical current density Bi-2223 wires and tapes

Considerable progress has been made in fabricating (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ in high-T_c superconductor wires or tapes with high critical current densities that are attractive for electric power and high-field magnet applications. The powder-in-tube technique appears to be useful for making silver-clad Bi-2223 composites. This article discusses the processing and the excellent superconducting properties of the resulting wires and tapes.     

部分熔化处理工艺对（Bi，Pb）-2223／Ag带材相组成和微结构的影响

通过部分熔化处理工艺和普通两段热处理工艺的对比研究，分析了部分熔化处理工艺在不同热处理阶段对(Bi，Pb)-2223/Ag带材相组成和微结构的影响。实验结果显示，在熔化温度下，部分(Bi，Pb)-2212相发生分解，分解为(Sr,Ca)2CuO3相、(Sr，Ca)Cu2O3相和富(Bi，Pb)液相，与此同时(Sr,Ca)2CuO3相和(Sr，Ca)Cu2O3相快速长大。随着冷却和成相处理，(Sr,Ca)2CuO3相和(Sr,Ca)Cu2O3相长大到一定尺寸，各相系统达到平衡后，就不再长大，并和部分液相反应，重新生成具有良好取向的(Bi，Pb)-2212相。在成相处理阶段，(Bi，Pb)-2212相转化为(Bi，Pb)-2223相，同时生成的(Bi，Pb)-2223相继承了(Bi，Pb)-2212相的良好取向，使(Bi，Pb)-2223相织构得以改善，致密度得到提高，结果最终带材的性能得到提高。通过部分熔化处理工艺处理的带材Ic达到51A，而普通两段热处理工艺处理的带材Ic为36A，Ic提高了约40％。     

CaCuO2颗粒尺寸对双粉法制备Bi系高温超导带材性能的影响

本文通过基于共沉淀工艺的双粉法制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93Ca_2.0Cu_3.06O_8+d (Bi-2223)前驱体粉末。在这一过程中,首先单独制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93CaCu_2.06O_8+d (Bi-2212)和CaCuO₂(实际相组成为Ca₂CuO₃和CuO)粉末,并分别进行了烧结。通过调节共沉淀工艺过程中的pH值,获得了颗粒尺寸不同的CaCuO₂粉末,然后将Bi-2212与其按照相组成相组成为1:1进行混合,并装入Ag包套中,通过一系列的旋锻、拉拔和轧制工艺,获得设计尺寸的Bi-2223带材。比表面积测试表明随着pH值从3.0增加到5.0和6.5,获得CaCuO₂粉末的平均颗粒尺寸从1.1减小到0.75和0.60 mm。通过扫描电镜对不同尺寸CaCuO₂颗粒制备的Bi-2223生带、第一次热处理和后处理之后带材的相组成和分布进行了表征。结果表明,适当尺寸的CaCuO₂颗粒可以避免团聚现象的出现,因此有利于高载流性能带材的获得。最终通过进一步调节带材的尺寸,1#带材的性能最高,达到了12200 Acm^_-2。     

铋系高温超导粉体的制备

首先采用喷雾热分解法制备了铋系超导粉体，然后对得到的粉体进行焙烧处理，焙烧时采用不同的工艺参数，包括温度、保护气体的氧分压等。利用XRD，SEM等分析手段，研究了焙烧后粉体的粒度分布，形貌，相组成及其均匀性等。最后，采用粉末套管法将焙烧后的超导粉体制备成单芯超导带材，在形变热处理后，带材样品获得了超过30A的临界电流。     

装管密度对Bi-2223／Ag超导带材性能的影响

研究了不同装管密度对Bi-2223／Ag带材(19芯)性能的影响。结果表明：采用压棒装管工艺提高了带材芯丝的填充系统，有利于提高带材的工程电流密度；第一次热处理后带材表面的鼓泡明显比松装带材少，有利于提高电流沿长度方向上的均匀性，更适合制备长带。压棒装管带材与松装带材相比，宽展更大，最终热处理后芯丝致密，孔洞少，而且2223相含量高，最终带材的载流性能好于松装带材。