Cu-Ni-Sn系弹性材料的研究现状与发展

回顾了Cu-Ni-Sn系合金的发展和应用,以及其逐步代替铍青铜弹性合金的发展趋势.并综述了Cu-Ni-Sn系合金目前常用的制备工艺,着重介绍了Cu-Ni-Sn系合金的组织性能及其优点,最后指出了新型Cu-Ni-Sn系合金的发展方向.     

高弹性合金Cu-Ni-Sn的研究与发展

阐述了Cu-Ni-Sn合金依靠其良好的力学性能和环保等特点,作为一种有望替代铍青铜的新型铜基弹性合金,被广泛应用于制作各种接插件、弹簧件和开关等弹性元件.文章介绍了该合金国内外研究现状和制备工艺,分析了Ti、Si、Cr、Al、Co、Fe、In和Mn等元素对合金组织和性能的影响,指出了Cu-Ni-Sn合金未来研究的重点应集中在降低合金偏析程度、优化加工工艺和添加适当微量元素提升其性能等方面.     

Cu-Ni-Sn合金的研究与应用

介绍了Cu-Ni-Sn合金的调幅分解强化机理,重点阐述了微量添加元素、热处理条件对Cu-Ni-Sn合金组织性能的影响,并指出了Cu-Ni-Sn合金今后的研究方向.     

Cu-Ni-Sn扩散偶的界面过渡层固相序列分析

铍铜合金性能优异,但潜存毒性危害,Cu-Ni-Sn合金是一种典型的调幅分解强化型弹性铜合金,凭借其高的强度、硬度、弹性和优良的抗应力松弛性能,广泛应用于电子、航天、航海等领域,是替代铍铜的候选材料之一。然而Cu-Ni-Sn合金体系复杂,不同成分合金的性能差异较大,传统的研究材料的方法,一次只能研究一种或几种成分的合金,因此本文选择了"扩散多元节"高通量实验方法对Cu-Ni-Sn合金进行研究。本文采用CALPHAD相图计算手段,计算了Cu,Ni和Sn元素在相变过程中的活度变化曲线,根据元素活度在合金相中的范围大小对Cu-Ni-Sn三元扩散偶的Cu-Ni,Cu-Cu35Sn和Ni-Cu35Sn各个界面的固相序列进行了理论优化。通过Cu-Ni-Sn三元扩散偶实验,获得了CuNi,Cu-Cu35Sn和Ni-Cu35Sn扩散界面的过渡层组织形貌,结合理论计算结果,得到了可能的界面固相序列。在650℃条件下,Cu-Ni界面处仅有fcc_A1相的过渡层;Cu-Cu35Sn界面过渡层固相序列自富Cu端为fcc_A1→D03_Cu3Sn/Cu3Sn;Ni-Cu35Sn界面的固相序列自富Ni端为fcc_A1+Ni3Sn_LT→fcc_A1+Ni3Sn2→Ni3Sn2+D03_Cu3Sn/Cu3Sn。     

铜基弹性合金的研究现状与发展

本文阐述了铜基弹性合金的发展和应用,以及铜基弹性合金的各种制备工法,着重介绍了铜基弹性合金的分类及其研究进展,最后提出了铜基弹性合金的发展和研究方向。     

铜基粉末冶金的过去、现状及前景

本文对传统粉末冶金青铜与黄铜材料提高硬度与强度的方法进行了述评,和对近年来出现的Cu-Al合金(铝青铜)与Cu-Ni-Sn合金(亚稳(spinodal)合金)进行了论述.许多铸锻铜合金都受控于某些形式的强化机制.因此,将一些强化机制与粉末冶金工艺的优势相结合,或可创制出具有独特、增强性能的先进铜基颗粒材料.     

Cu-Ni-Sn系合金Spinodal分解热力学

本文从三元系 Spinodal 分解的热力学判据,G_(xx)(δX)~2+2G_(xy)δXδy+G_(yy)(δy)~2<0出发,分析讨论了 Cu-Ni-Sn 三元系合金 Spinodal 分解的热力学问题,利用相应的二元相图及热力学数据,以规则溶液作近似,估算出组元间的交互作用系数,应用计算机计算了不同温度下 Spinodal 分解的成分范围,结果表明计算的化学 Spinodal线均在相应温度的溶解度曲线内侧,对 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 这一合金通过透射电镜观察和 x 光小角散射分析等手段进行了试验验证。     

世界最早的Ni-Ti超弹性合金实用化

日本古河电工与诹访精工舍研制成功新型超弹性合金眼镜架,由服部时计店于3月开始出售。所谓超弹性合金,又称橡胶弹性合金。因为是应力引起相变(外力在金属内     

高强高弹铜合金研究及发展趋势

高强高弹铜合金具有高强度、高弹性,主要用于各种载流弹性元件以及精密仪表弹性元件.本文基于近年来国内外高强高弹铜合金领域所取得的成果,介绍了Cu-Be系、Cu-Ni-Mn系、Cu-Ni-Si系以及Cu-Ni-Sn系4种典型弹性铜合金的研究进展、生产与应用现状,并对未来高强高弹铜合金的发展方向进行了探讨.     

铜基弹性合金QNi6-1.5-0.5的研制

高强度热稳定性的铜基弹性合金主要用于接插件、连接件、弹簧、继电器、转换器、开关、触头等各种元器件,具有非常好的应用前景,因此其研制和开发具有一定的市场价值。本文介绍了铜基弹性合金QNi6-1.5-0.5研制过程,同时,分析了该合金的强化机理,并对它的性能及应用进行了讨论。     

高熵合金研究进展

高熵合金突破了传统合金成分的限制,通过调配多种组元的排列组合和含量,赋予了高熵合金高强度、高韧性、高硬度、低温韧性、耐腐蚀和抗辐照等优异的力学性能和功能性能,在众多领域表现出了巨大的应用潜力。高熵合金目前主要有三个代表性的种类:以3d过渡族金属为主的Cantor合金（CoCrFeMnNi）;以难熔金属为主的Senkov合金（NbMoTaW）;以铝镁钛等轻质元素为主的低密度高熵合金（AlMgLiZnCu, AlMgZnCuSi, AlZrTiNbMo）。本文从高熵合金的概念出发,详细介绍了高熵合金的制备工艺,讨论了如何制备具有高强度?高塑形、优秀磁性能?力学性能以及高强度?高导电性、轻质?高强度等优异综合性能的高熵合金,并对高熵合金未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

A computational approach to designing ductile Nb-Ti-Cr-Al solid-solution alloys

This article describes a new computation-based approach for designing ductile Nb-Ti-Cr-Al solid-solution alloys. The proposed approach is based on computation of the surface energy and the Peierls-Nabarro (P-N) barrier energy as a function of alloy composition. The surface energy is used as a measure of the resistance to cleavage fracture, while the P-N barrier energy is used as a measure of dislocation mobility. The ratio of the surface energy to the P-N barrier energy is utilized as a material index which can be adjusted by alloying additions. Analytical relations are developed for computing (1) the elastic constants in terms of the d+s electrons per atom in the alloys and (2) the lattice parameter, surface energy, and P-N barrier energy in terms of alloy composition. Design of a ductile solid-solution alloy is achieved by manipulating the number of d+s electrons, through alloying additions, to obtain a high value of the ratio of the surface energy to P-N barrier energy by reducing the misfit energy of the dislocation core. Applications of the methodology to designing binary, ternary, and quaternary Nb-based solid-solution alloys with Ti, Cr, and Al alloying additions are illustrated with promising results, demonstrating that the proposed methodology is a viable approach for alloy design.     

铁基阻尼合金的研究现状及发展趋势

铁基阻尼合金具有良好的阻尼性能、力学性能和加工性能,在船舶减振降噪中可发挥重要作用。对铁磁类、层错类、复相类铁基阻尼合金的阻尼性能和力学性能进行了介绍,分析了3类铁基阻尼合金的阻尼机理,并对铁基阻尼合金的发展趋势,尤其在舰船方向的应用进行了展望。     

An investigation of the fracture and fatigue crack growth behavior of forged damage-tolerant niobium aluminide intermetallics

The results of a recent study of the effects of ternary alloying with Ti on the fatigue and fracture behavior of a new class of forged damage-tolerant niobium aluminide (Nb₃Al-xTi) intermetallics are presented in this article. The alloys studied have the following nominal compositions: Nb-15Al-10Ti (10Ti alloy), Nb-15Al-25Ti (25Ti alloy), and Nb-15Al-40Ti (40Ti alloy). All compositions are quoted in atomic percentages unless stated otherwise. The 10Ti and 25Ti alloys exhibit fracture toughness levels between 10 and 20 MPa√m at room temperature. Fracture in these alloys occurs by brittle cleavage fracture modes. In contrast, a ductile dimpled fracture mode is observed at room-temperature for the alloy containing 40 at. pct Ti. The 40Ti alloy also exhibits exceptional combinations of room-temperature strength (695 to 904 MPa), ductility (4 to 30 pct), fracture toughness (40 to 100 MPa√m), and fatigue crack growth resistance (comparable to Ti-6Al-4V, monolithic Nb, and inconnel 718). The implications of the results are discussed for potential structural applications of the 40Ti alloy in the intermediate-temperature (∼700 °C to 750 °C) regime.     

外科植入物用纯钛及其合金

主要介绍了外科植入物用新型钛合金的研究进展。到目前为止,研究出的外科植入物用钛合金从研究的时间顺序上可分为：（1）纯钛,Ti-6Al-4V合金;（2）Ti-6Al-7Nb合金（瑞士）,Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金（德国）;Ti-2.5Al-2.5Mo-2.5Zr(TAMZ)合金（中国）;（3）新型β钛合金。概述了这些合金的研究现状、性能特点及其应用前景,并提出 了今后的发展方向。     

Brittleness of two-phase Li−Pb castings

Dilute alloys of lithium in lead have been investigated as possible grid alloys for use in lead-acid batteries. Cast grids can illustrate a time-dependent brittleness associated with mold temperature and alloy composition. For temperatures above theβ-to-β′ Li?Pb transformation, alloys exceeding room temperature solid solubility are initially ductile whereas samples tend to be brittle at temperatures below this transition. The nature of brittleness is discussed and the roles that the transformation occurring in the precipitate, coring, and grain boundary precipitation have in promoting brittleness are examined. It is shown that precipitation during aging contributes most to the embrittlement by formation of precipitate-free areas in the immediate vicinity of grain boundaries.     

高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究与应用进展

对Cu-Cr-Zr系合金从成分设计、制备方法、形变热处理工艺、研究热点及应用进展四个方面展开论述.分析了Cr、Zr对Cu基体的影响,概述了多种微量元素及稀土元素对铜铬锆性能的影响.非真空熔炼的研究比其它熔炼方式要实际很多.固溶后冷变形能显著提高合金的强化效果.该类合金研究价值高,应用领域广.并提出了Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究发展趋势及存在的问题.     

高强高导 Cu -Cr -Zr 系合金的研究与应用进展

对 Cu-Cr-Zr 系合金从成分设计、制备方法、形变热处理工艺、研究热点及应用进展四个方面展开论述.分析了 Cr、Zr 对 Cu 基体的影响,概述了多种微量元素及稀土元素对铜铬锆性能的影响. 非真空熔炼的研究比其它熔炼方式要实际很多.固溶后冷变形能显著提高合金的强化效果.该类合金研究价值高,应用领域广.并提出了 Cu-Cr-Zr 系合金的研究发展趋势及存在的问题.      

论我国钼合金剂的发展趋向

论述了结合我国钼资源特点，回收合钼废料制取钼复合合金剂；用硅—钙合金、硅格—铁代香铝粉作硅—铝热法冶炼钼铁的反应加速剂，利用碳质还原别，用高温固相渗碳还原法制取碳素钼铁及用真空冶金法制取高牌号高质量相铁等，是钼铁生产的新创举，是我国钼合企剂生产和发展趋向．采用氧化钼代替钼铁，直接合金化，冶炼合金钢和合金铸铁，是当前我国钼合金剂发展的主导方向．介绍了1995年1～11月，我国各类相制品出口概况．提出了建议．     

A study of fracture in high purity 7075 aluminum alloys

Ten different alloys based on the 7075 composition were used to study the effect of purity level, dispersoid type, and heat treatment on fracture toughness. Five purity levels ranging from 0.03 to 0.30 wt pct Fe + Si and two dispersoid types were investigated. Each alloy was given two heat treatments: the standard T651 heat treatment or a special thermomechanical treatment (TMT). Fracture toughness was measured using notched round tensile specimens taken from both the longitudinal and long-transverse directions. The notched round tensile test was modified to give the “plastic energy per unit area”. This fracture toughness parameter gave the same ranking for corresponding alloy/heat treatment combinations as the total energy per unit area measured on precracked Charpy specimens. The fracture toughness ranking for the ten alloys was the same in the longitudinal and long-transverse directions. This suggests the elongated distribution of constituent particles in the rolling direction does not change the failure mechanism. Fractographic evidence showed a bimodal distribution of ductile dimple size in all ten alloys. The number of large ductile dimples decreased with increasing purity level while the number of small ductile dimples increased. This is interpreted to mean that the smaller dispersoid and hardening particles become increasingly important in controlling the fracture toughness as the large intermetallic particles are eliminated by increasing the purity of these aluminum alloys. Since thermomechanical processing controls the amount and type of these smaller particles, it is a useful means for increasing fracture toughness in high purity aluminum alloys.