均匀设计超声循环提取印楝活性物质的研究

使用超声循环提取机进行了对印楝种仁中印楝活性成分的萃取工艺研究,以印楝素A质量为检测指标,采用均匀设计–偏最小二乘法回归分析优化萃取工艺的甲醇加入量、超声功率、提取时间和循环转速4个因子,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:甲醇加入量为5L,超声功率为1500W,提取时间40min,循环转速1800r/min。此时,500g印楝种仁粉的萃取物中印楝素A的理论产量为3.06g。并对该技术应用于印楝种仁中印楝活性成分提取的产业化前景和可行性进行了探讨。     

印楝素的快速提取法研究

采用微波辐射、超声波强化和快速搅拌三种辅助方法从印楝种仁粉中提取印楝油和印楝素。研究结果表明,快速搅拌法印楝油、二氯甲烷粗提物、印楝素A和印楝素B的提取率均高于微波辐射法和超声波强化法,具有明显的提取优势。     

印楝素的快速提取法研究

采用微波辐射、超声波强化和快速搅拌三种辅助方法从印楝种仁粉中提取印楝油和印楝素。研究结果表明，快速搅拌法印楝油、二氯甲烷粗提物、印楝素A和印楝素B的提取率均高于微波辐射法和超声波强化法，具有明显的提取优势。     

新工艺萃取印楝素及机理初探

用传统溶剂萃取、CO2超临界萃取、超声波强化萃取和微波辅助萃取从印楝种仁中提取印楝素，印楝素A的萃取率分别为0．3431％、0．2201％、0．3786％萃和0．5190％。结合萃取后残渣的电镜扫描结果，初步探讨了这四种萃取方法的萃取机理。     

微波诱导法萃取印楝种壳中印楝素的研究

研究了利用微波诱导法萃取印楝种壳中印楝素的新方法 ,以HPLC分离并测定所萃取的印楝素含量。结果表明 ,与常用的甲醇室温浸提法和丙酮 45℃萃取法相比 ,微波诱导萃取法不仅萃取率高 ,而且萃取速度快 ,效率高     

超临界CO2流体萃取印楝种子中印楝素的研究

印楝素(azadirachtin)是第一个从印楝Azadirachtaindica种子中分离出来的、目前世界公认的活性最强的植物源昆虫拒食剂，对害虫具有显著的拒食和生长发育抑制作用，印楝素主要存在于印楝种子中，印楝种子中含印楝素可达0．1％～0．9％(w)，为了从印楝种子中充分提取印楝素，本文建立了用超临界流体从印楝种子中萃取印楝素的方法，用正交试验优化设计选择萃取条件，最佳萃取条件为：温度35℃，压力30MPa，夹带剂用量每克印楝种子干粉1．5mL甲醇，提取率明显优于溶剂法。     

快速萃取法提取印楝素

采用单因素多水平实验找到快速萃取法提取印楝素的较好实验条件区间，用正交法设计实验，对实验结果进行统计学处理，优选出快速萃取法提取印楝素的最佳工艺条件为印楝种子和萃取溶剂甲醇之间的物料比1：1．0（W／V）；每次萃取时的搅拌时间7min；萃取次数4次。     

超声波辅助溶剂萃取印楝素条件优化

研究了以甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙腈、甲基叔丁基醚为溶剂在超声波辅助条件下萃取印楝素的工艺，利用高效液相色谱法进行快速测定印楝素含量，筛选出较佳萃取溶剂为甲醇。通过正交实验找到超声波辅助条件下甲醇萃取印楝素的较佳条件：料液比1：2；超声波功率设定200W；超声波作用时间设定为15min．此时印楝素萃取率达0．3792％。     

印楝种仁中印楝素含量的快速液相色谱分析

采用高压液相色谱法，微波辐射萃取种仁中的印楝素，对种仁中的印楝素含量进行快速定量测定，该方法的标准偏差为0．13,变异系数为0．13％，平均回收率为100．02％。     

印楝素的萃取及其杀虫活性

采用常规溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取和CO2超临界萃取技术从印楝种仁巾萃取印楝素,以甜菜夜蛾为试虫对其室内杀虫潘陛进行了研究。结果表明萃取方法不同,印楝素的萃取率不同,其中以微波法萃取率为最高(0．52％);不同方法得到的印楝素的杀虫活性也不同,其中以超临界萃取物的活性最高,用药后7d的LC50为151．0μg／ml;印楝素严重影响试虫的生长发育,对幼虫的生长抑制率最高为89．6％。     

正交实验优化长春碱微波辅助提取工艺

采用微波辅助提取法提取长春花中的长春碱,通过微波提取时间、乙醇体积分数、微波功率、固液质量体积比(g/mL)、浸泡时间5个因素对长春碱提取率的影响进行了正交实验,确定微波提取最佳工艺条件为A2B1C1D4E3,即提取时间2 m in、体积分数为80%的乙醇、微波功率为低火、固液质量体积比1∶20(g/mL)、浸泡时间为1 h。微波提取长春花叶片中长春碱的提取率为0.011 427%,是回流提取的1.24倍,是超声提取的1.16倍。结果表明:微波提取长春花中长春碱具有提取时间短、速度快、提取率高等特点。     

Comparative extraction of cannabinoids and terpenoids from Cannabis Sativa L. using three solvents

Organic solvents of diethyl ether and pentane were tested against ethanol for the extraction of terpenoids and cannabinoids from hemp inflorescence. It is not well known how pretreatment of grinding and extraction conditions, that is, number of extractions, temperature, and solvent residence time affect extraction yield and product compositional profiles, so these were examined in this study. As a general trend, diethyl ether and pentane had better selectivity towards the terpenoids and cannabinoids compared to ethanol. It was found that even though grinding to reduce the particle size of the inflorescence did not dramatically increase the total extraction yield, it increased the yield of the first extraction as well as the content of terpenoids and cannabinoids in the extract. Extraction residence time trial revealed the benefit of shorter time and the different behavior of the two classes of compounds. Increasing the extraction temperature from 4 to 21°C improved the total extraction yield by all three solvents, however, no additional improvement was seen at 30°C. To achieve high concentration of the bioactive compounds in the extract, multiple extraction at 21°C with short residence time, such as 15 min, are preferred for the solvents tested, and an extract having about 6% terpenoids and 59% main cannabinoids was obtained using pentane. This systematic study provides a guide to commercial processing optimization and directions for further investigation.     

微波辅助法提取栀子黄色素工艺研究

采用微波辅助提取法对栀子中黄色素成分的提取工艺进行了优选。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交表L₉(3⁴),以提取剂乙醇体积分数、固液比、微波功率、微波处理时间为因素,以黄色素溶液的吸光度为指标进行试验,得到最佳工艺参数: 1 g栀子粉末,60%的乙醇20 mL,功率280W的微波处理40 s,黄色素得率为17.83%,提取率达到98.20%,与传统的水提和有机溶剂提取相比,不仅提取率高,而且快速、节能。     

提取条件对苦参中总生物碱提取率的影响

为了选出苦参中生物碱的最佳提取条件,本研究通过对比不同提取溶剂、不同提取方法对苦参中总生物碱出膏率、总生物碱含量的影响,并用酸性染料比色法测定药膏中总生物碱的含量。结果表明,氨水-氯仿提取,出膏率最高、总生物碱含量最高;超声提取高效、省时、省能源,是比较好的提取方法。     

Quality of dried haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) as affected by prior juice extraction,osmotic treatment,and drying conditions

The effect of juice extraction conditions on the quality of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) dried at different temperatures (60, 100, and 140°C) was investigated. The conventional juice extraction (process A) consisted of a two-press process, where thawed berries were pressed, and osmotic treatment was applied before pressing again. This was compared with a modified extraction (process B), which applied osmotic treatment during fruit thawing and only one press was used for extraction. The quality parameters investigated included moisture content, pressed berry yield, extraction loss, drying yield, total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C content, and the rehydration characteristics of the final dried berries. Pressing the berries to 70% juice yield resulted in a higher pressed berry yield and better physicochemical quality in the pressed product. The yield was 26.39 and 28.92% in the conventional and modified extraction, with moisture contents of 70.32 and 77.75%, respectively. The TACs of pressed berries from extraction processes A and B were 24.62 and 33.03?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW and the vitamin C contents were 14.14 and 36.18?mg/100?g, respectively. Drying at 60°C until 25% moisture content was better than at higher temperatures, resulting in a better quality dried product. It revealed drying yields of 45.32 and 52.75%, TACs of 4.00 and 4.30?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW, vitamin C contents of 2.97 and 4.91?mg /100?g, and rehydration ratios of 2.22 and 2.37 from processes A and B, respectively. Process B with the one-step extraction is recommended for higher pressed berry yield, higher drying yield, and enhanced quality of the pressed and dried products. It is also a more efficient process, in terms of time, cost, and energy.     

Improved extraction of phytochemicals from rooibos with enzyme treatment

An increasing demand for natural flavonoids necessitates the development of new technologies to improve the extraction of phytochemicals whilst retaining their bioactivity. Extracts from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), well known as an herbal tea and food and beverage supplement, have shown significant potential for the treatment of various lifestyle conditions, but poor extraction of soluble matter limits its potential value and put limited supplies under pressure. This study demonstrates that pre-treatment with food-grade cellulase, ferulic acid esterase and/or pectinase increased the soluble solid yield from green and fermented rooibos when preparing an infusion, whereas ferulic acid esterase and β-glucanase/β-xylanase increased the total polyphenol yield. A combination of β-glucanase/β-xylanase and pectinase increased the yield of soluble solids from fermented rooibos in industrial evaluations by 33%. Although the total polyphenol and antioxidant content was reduced due to the extraction of ‘inactive’ sugar moieties, the extract exceeded industry benchmarks for both quality parameters. Furthermore, a clear extract was produced with no detrimental impact on its sensory attributes. Although the enzyme treatment reduced the aspalathin content of the extract, there was a concomitant increase in its flavone counterpart, isoorientin, which has significant pharmaceutical value for the treatment of both types of diabetes mellitus.     

广西灵香草提取物的化学成分研究及香气评价

目的 :研究广西金秀灵香草提取物的化学成分及香气。方法 :采用超临界CO2 萃取法和溶剂法提取的广西灵香草提取物 ,用气相色谱 /质谱进行分离测定 ,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定 ,应用色谱峰归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果 :超临界CO2 萃取灵香草提取物得率 1.5 % ,鉴定出 2 7个化学成分 ,溶剂法得率 1.2 % ,鉴定出 2 0个化学成分 ;经评定 ,超临界CO2 萃取法得到的提取物气味更接近灵香草天然香气。结论 :用超临界CO2 萃取法可以生产出最接近自然香气的天然香料     

Isolation of Volatiles from Oak Wood (Quercus alba) by a Thermomechanical Process: Screening of some Processing Parameters

Experiments were performed to evaluate an extraction process developed in our laboratory called the instantaneous controlled pressure drop process (“Détente Instantanée Contrôlée” or (DIC)) for extracting volatile compounds from oak wood. This process involves subjecting oak chips for a short time (10 s to 12 min) under a steam pressure (1 to 6 bars or from 100 to 165°C). This first step is followed by a rapid decompression toward vacuum (up to 50 mbar). Some parameters were evaluated: steam pressure level, processing time, initial moisture content, chips thickness and velocity of the rapid decompression. A preliminary experimental design allowed optimizing the processing pressure and processing time: 6 bar and 5 minutes. Under these conditions, the optimal conditions were as follows: 20% for initial moisture content, 0.5 mm for the chips thickness. The number of decompressions towards vacuum was also investigated and it appeared that extraction yield can be enhanced by repeating the decompressions cycles for a same processing time. Moreover, GC-MS analysis indicated that DIC extract included the same molecules that obtained by steam distillation with almost the same percentages.