吹气法直接确定折流板脉冲萃取柱液泛特征

当脉冲萃取柱处于液泛操作状态时,理论分析表明,吹气法所测量的柱重时均压降信号随时间延长而增大,这一结果在以30%TBP/煤油溶液和1mol•L^-1HHNO₃溶液为体系的50mm折流板脉冲萃取柱中得到了验证。在此基础上,给出了工业上应用吹气法直接确定液泛特征的实验步骤。     

标准喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱脉冲振幅的在线测量

实验考察了5个标准喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱系统在吹气条件下脉冲振幅与柱重瞬间正弦信号1个周期峰面积之间关系。实验结果表明：在吹气条件下,峰面积与脉冲频率无关;流道因子随着脉冲振幅和脉冲频率增加而增大,与脉冲萃取柱柱高、柱径和连续相密度无关。在此基础上,获得了吹气法在线测量脉冲振幅的经验关联式。      

30%TBP-煤油/HNO3体系在折流板脉冲萃取柱中的水力学性能

在Φ100mm折流板脉冲萃取柱中实验考察了30％TBP-煤油1mol/LHNO3体系下的萃取柱操作参数（脉冲振幅、脉冲频率、流速和流比）、结构参数（板间距）对萃取柱水力学性能（液泛通量、液泛存留分数和正常操作时分散相存留分数）的影响。实验研究结果表明：液泛通量随脉冲强度的减小而增大，与流比和板间距无关，研究给出了液泛通量与脉冲强度间的关联式；操作参数和柱结构参数对液泛存留分数的影响均可忽略；正常操作时分散相存留分数与连续相的流速、流比成正比关系，而与脉冲频率无关，并随板间距和脉冲振幅的增大而增加。      

气提泵在喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱中的应用

以30%TRPO/煤油溶液和1mol/LHNO3溶液为体系,研究气提泵在柱径100mm喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱中的应用规律。实验结果表明：设计的水相进料气提泵、有机相进料气提泵和水相出料气提泵的液体流量和气体流量均满足线性操作;特别是脉冲萃取柱分散相存留分数与水相吹口气提泵的浸没度之间也呈线性关系,并结合吹气法在线测量技术,可实现对脉冲萃取柱稳定操作进行有效控制。     

外置吹气杯测量折流板脉冲萃取柱柱重压降

在内径为0.3 m和高度为5.6 m的折流板脉冲萃取柱中，分别采用内置吹气杯和外置吹气杯对柱重压降信号进行了测量和比较。实验结果表明，两种吹气杯安装方式所测量的结果一致。因此，为了避免由于内置吹气杯所造成的钚纯化循环脉冲萃取柱异形下澄清段的设计和加工难度，推荐可使用外置吹气杯来测量该工段的脉冲萃取柱柱重压降。     

空气脉冲对吹气法测量脉冲萃取柱下澄清段压力的影响

本工作实验考察在吹气条件下空气脉冲对脉冲萃取柱下澄清段所测量的柱重、有机相密度、两相界面和水相密度的时均压降影响。实验结果表明：在无空气脉冲且流速为零、有空气脉冲且单相流流速为零和有空气脉冲且单相流流速不为零的条件下，吹气法所测量的有机相密度、水相密度及两相界面的时均压降是一致的，而在有空气脉冲且两相流速均不为零的条件下，吹气法所测量的水相密度、有机相密度和两相界面的时均压降误差依次增大。对于有机相，吹气法所测量的柱重时均压降随着空气脉冲振幅的增加而减小，随着流速增加而增大；对于水相，由于其流动方向与有机相相反，柱重时均压降随流速的增加而减小。     

吹气对喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱脉冲振幅测量的影响

实验考察了5个喷嘴板脉冲萃取柱系统吹气条件下的真实振幅与表观振幅之间的关系。实验结果表明：在吹气条件下，由于吹气系统及脉冲萃取柱内气体被压缩，吸收掉了脉冲腿中部分液体的体积变化，使实验测量的柱内真实振幅值与无吹气条件下计算的真实振幅值间的偏差加大。     

吹气法在线测量脉冲萃取柱参数研究

用吹气法在线测量脉冲萃取柱参数。结果表明两相界面测量的偏差在±4mm以内,脉冲频率测量的相对偏差在2％以内,存留分数测量的相对偏差在±5％以内。由信号曲线得到的参数S与脉冲腿中的表观脉冲振幅之间存在较好的线性关系,脉冲柱内真实振幅与表观振幅和频率比值之间也存在相关性较好的线性关系。可通过吹气法测量脉冲萃取柱中的真实振幅。     

脉冲萃取柱脉冲振幅在线测量方法

采用吹气法在线测量脉冲萃取柱脉冲振幅参数。结果表明：通过测量信号曲线的特征参数，能够在线计算出脉冲萃取柱中的脉冲振幅参数。该方法具有普遍适用性，对不同的脉冲萃取柱能够进行相似的计算。     

脉冲萃取柱下澄清段的吹气法管道设计原则

本工作实验考察吹气管道体积对吹气法在线测量脉冲萃取柱真实振幅的影响。实验结果表明：当吹气管道总体积与吹气杯体积之比不大于4时,吹气法在线测量的真实振幅与表观振幅呈线性关系。同时,就满足乏燃料后处理中脉冲萃取柱下澄清段压降在线测量的吹气管道的要求进行了讨论。根据这一要求,确定了吹气系统的设计原则。     

Solvent Extraction Calculation Model for Purex Process in Pulsed Sieve Plate Column

A new calculation code PULCO has been developed to simulate the Purex extraction process in a pulsed column. The model for the PULCO code is based on the mass transfer taking place at the interface between dispersed drops and continuous phase fluid. The following physical quantities of the moving drop are included in the model for each period of drop motion in a pulsed column:

1. Mass transfer coefficient from liquid drop to continuous phase

2. Diameter and velocity of moving drop in the pulsed column

3. Holdup of dispersed and continuous phases in the pulsed column

4. Longitudinal dispersion coefficient in the pulsed column.

To establish the validity of the PULCO code, experiments were performed using a 50 mm diameter pulsed column which had a sieve plate section height of 2 m and plates spaced 50 mm apart. The experiments were performed by CY tests with use of unirradiated U and Pu. The experimental concentration profiles fitted well with the calculated concentration profiles.     

Motion of Dispersed Drops and Mass Transfer in Pulsed Column

The relationship between the motion of drops and mass transfer in a pulsed column was investigated by taking high speed photographs. The rising motion of drops in the column was found to be divided into jetting, forced rising and free rising periods, whereas the falling motion was divided into forced falling and free falling periods. With use of the observed results, it was confirmed that the drop velocity and the distance of moving drop predicted from the equation of drop motion were satisfactorily compared with the corresponding observed values.

On the basis of the results, the overall mass transfer coefficient in the pulsed column was derived, which was found to be valid in the course of calculation of the amount of mass transfer in the pulsed column.