基于Open Source的全文检索框架

本文在开源(Open Source)项目Jakarta Lucene的基础上,结合多种开源文档格式分析工具,设计和实现了一种可扩展的全文检索框架,该框架可高效地对XML、HTML、MS Word、PDF等格式的文档进行全文检索.整个框架完全基于开源工具包,可以有效地对信息系统的开发进行支持.     

VoIP防火墙穿越方法的研究与比较

VoIP技术已经广泛应用于企业级的语音业务,但是为了安全性和节省IP地址的使用,目前大量的企业和局域网都采用Firewall/NAT技术连接到Internet.比较了传统的Firewall/NAT的穿越方案,并介绍和比较了较新的ICE和VPN穿越方式,描述了各种穿越方法的穿越机制,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并作了横向比较.     

Websphere：活吞市场的大鲸

1999年，IBM与Novell签订合作协议，成功地提供电子商务的解决方案给予原先使用NetWare的用户。同年更是推出了WebSphere Application Server3．0，并且推出WebSphere Studio与VisualAge for Java让工程师可以快速开发相关的程序。2001年，IBM更是宣布将应用服务器、开发工具整合在一起，与DB2、Tivoli及Lotus结合成为一套共通解决方案，如今、IBM更是并入了Rational Rose(UML tools)让开发流程更是完整化。     

基于XML的开放式WebGIS的系统设计

基于XML的开放式WebGIS的系统设计是解决传统WebGIS数据共享、服务互操作问题的好方法.本文分析了基于XML的开放式WebGIS系统的设计目标,提出了一个基于XML技术的WebGIS系统设计方案.     

计算机网络信息安全面临的问题和对策

计算机的广泛应用把人类带入了一个全新的时代,特别是计算机网络的社会化,已经成为了信息时代的主要推动力.目前,全世界的军事、经济、社会、文化各个方面都越来越依赖于计算机网络,人类社会对计算机的依赖程度达到了空前的纪录.由于计算机网络的脆弱性,这种高度的依赖性使国家的经济和国防安全变得十分脆弱,一旦计算机网络受到攻击而不能正常工作,甚至瘫痪,整个社会就会陷入危机.     

思科与北大共建领导力研究院并宣布下一阶段在华蓝图网聚领导力共绘新蓝图

4月16日,北大百年讲堂里,数十家媒体再次见到了思科董事会主席兼首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯先生.这是继他自去年11月访华后又一次来到中国.去年11月,钱伯斯来到中国宣布在中国发展的重点是"创新及可持续发展",并且承诺对华投入160亿美元;而这一次他再次来到中国,则是要宣布将这一承诺兑现:思科将在未来三到五年内投入2000万美元与北京大学光华管理学院共同打造领导力研究院.     

历时一年,成效显著--第一届全国数控技能大赛圆满结束

为了深入贯彻全国人才工作会议精神,加强高技能人才的队伍建设,劳动和社会保障部、教育部、科技部、国防科工委、中华全国总工会、中国机械工业联合会共同举办了第一届全国数控技能大赛,经过各部门、各地区以及各承办、协办单位共同努力,全国30个省、自治区、直辖市举办了选拔赛活动,从来自企业和职业院校的近20万名选手中选拔出的422名选手入围全国决赛,其中270多名选手脱颖而出,取得了优异成绩.     

马来西亚2004年《通讯与多媒体法》介评

马来西亚国会于1998年颁布了《通讯与多媒体法》。该法被誉为马来西亚在信息技术立法工作方面最全面的一部,它对部长、上诉院、通讯与多媒体委员会这三个机构的权限、职能作了清楚划分,从经济、技术、社会三方面对网     

汶川地震:感受信息公开的力量

5月12日,一场突如其来的大地震袭击了四川省及其周边一些地区,这场大地震,夺去了数万人的生命,也牵动了国家和亿万人民群众的心。灾害发生后,全体中国人民众志成城,在罕见的特大地震面前表现出钢铁般的意志和战胜灾害的决心。党和国家领导人对抗震救灾工作迅速作出重要指示,温家宝总理灾后四个小时,不顾随时可能发生的余震,亲临救     

高效、高质量的纸质工程图和资料存档方案

一、传统保存方案的缺陷 传统的工程图样和资料的保存归档形式是通过纸质或胶片的形式进行的,很多企业都用专门的仓库保管这些珍贵的技术资料.这些资料的内容相当广泛,包括机械设计、建筑设计、工程设计、测绘及地图等各行业的信息.资料的介质也有不同的分类,包括硫酸纸、纸质蓝图、白图及胶片等.     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

Schematic classification problems and their solution

The necessity arises in a variety of tasks to classify items on the basis of the presence of one of a number of criterial sets of co-related feature values. Such sets are called class characteristics. Because such classification problems require the identification of characteristics on the basis of limited training information, they entail a difficult search problem. Consideration of the differences between the theoretical models underlying characteristic and volume pattern generators suggests a schematic approach. Schemata, sets of commonly co-occuring features values, are probabilistic indicators of class membership whenever the characteristics are unknown but the characteristic model prevails. Formal and algorithmic solutions to the classification problem when exemplars are simple (consist only of M feature or attribute values) are described. The relevance of these procedures to problems involving general (relational) data structures is also indicated.     

Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.     

Interface as Exordium: The Rhetoric of Interactivity

In this article, I outline how the interface of new media functions rhetorically as an exordium to engage users and to dispose them to persuasion. The modular, networked, and interactive nature of new media requires an interface: a central place of interaction for the technological, human, social, and cultural aspects of new media. I propose that the interface functions rhetorically through three modes of interactivity, including multi-directionality, manipulability, and presence. By understanding these modes of interactivity and how they function to create various degrees of interaction and engagement, we can begin to develop the analytic tools needed to increase critical awareness of the interface. A rhetorical understanding of the interface enables us and our students to see that the shape and design of the interface is not natural and inevitable. The design of the interface is a design of human experience and, as such, the interface becomes a locus of power. The modes of interactivity it deploys are capable of enabling empowerment and enacting rhetorical patterns of control.     

基于XML的中间层交互技术的研究

由于HTML自身的不足．所以无法适应Web发展的复杂性和多变性，也不利于机器之间的数据交换和信息传递，通过对XML和HTML作多个角度的对比，文中提出将XML作为载体实现Web上的动态交互。首先从XML的自身特点出发，分析了XML驱动下的Web体系结构，从而得出基于XML的中间层交互技术的实现原理．重点研究了如何设计与XML相匹配的Web数据库，用XML查询数据库的实现方法，以及如何构造从XML到数据库的映射关系，具体包括从XIviL的DTD或者Schema出发来设计数据库的结构或者从数据库本身出发来构造与之相适应的DTD或Schema，最后分析了浏览XML格式信息的诸多策略。     

New debates on learning support

Abstract In the present debate on knowledge management and multimedia support of human learning, the word 'mediation' (of conduct) is often used as a natural correlate and rough equivalent to the word 'mediatisation' (of information). It is suggested that the distinction between the two words points to a basic difference between two types of processes which are crucial to a much needed rethinking of the conception and design of humanmachine interaction (HCI).
A redefinition of the 'appropriateness' of media support as the quality of the help to people's self-help rather than of direct control of their behaviour is proposed. Such a redefinition implies a radical shift of paradigm allowing for approaches to human learning as a cognitive activity in its own right. Another view of technological mediation is advocated, in keeping with some recent developments in HCI.     

基于WWW技术的水政水资源管理系统的设计与实现

该文结合连云港水政水资源综合信息系统的开发过程,分析了基于B/S结构的信息系统的基本特征及运行机制,具体介绍了一种基于WWW技术的系统设计方案,并对其中的一些关键技术进行了研究。     

HUYGENS' PRINCIPLE,PHYSICS AND COMPUTERS

We discuss the emergence of topology from a consideration of set extensions in General Systems Theory. Boundaries arise in a natural way, separating independent elements or regions of the system. Our aim is a unification of Etter theory, Kron's method of Tearing and Jessel's formulation of Huygens' Principle. This should make explicit the equivalence between the objective, structural, holographic and the subjective, relative definitions of information, sought in Bowden (1994b), reprinted in this Special Issue. It connects the abstract generalisations of Schrodinger's equation and Bom's rule derived in probabilistic Etter theory with the real world of electrical and other physical phenomena in General Physical Systems Theory. This paper can be considered as a continuation of Bowden (1990; 1994a) and as a response to Bowden (1994b), reprinted in this issue.

We review the ideas behind Kron's Method of Tearing and Jessel's Principle of Secondary sources (both special cases of the above theory) and their equivalence. We follow Hiley's argument in Hiley (1996) to show how Schrodinger's equation can be thought of as specifying the evolution of (a series of) tearings in continuous space. These can be shown on a commutative diagram as a series of similarity transforms. We compare this with Etter's derivation (Etter, 1998). We describe briefly a recently published derivation of Maxwell's equations from a non-commutative algebra and show how they fit onto a related commutative diagram. Finally we make some comments on applications of the general theory to computer systems. This paper is a series of vignettes of work in progress. It is designed to point the direction of work to come in Constructive Physics.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

因素空间与可拓学的互补性分析及问题处理融合模型

问题智能处理是人工智能领域具有挑战性和交叉性的课题。大数据与人工智能技术背景下,为了给具有较高普遍性的开放性问题求解提供新的理论支撑,对因素空间与可拓学做了对比分析,发现两者具有共同的数学基础,在问题智能处理等研究方向有交叉性和互补性。以面向问题处理的融合模型为例,论证了可拓学与因素空间交叉研究的基本路径及其可行性,提出了两者交叉研究的主要方向,阐明了实际应用的潜在优势及适用范围。该研究将有助于进一步提高问题处理的系统性、智能化水平,提高解决问题从不确定性、偶然性到必然性的程度,并将推动为智能科学服务的智能数学的发展。