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1.
The experimental obesity by high-fat feeding of rats, introduced after weaning, was found to be a suitable model for evaluation of the biological value of nutritional fats with different fatty acid composition: butter (group B), lard (L), partially hydrogenated oil (H), lard + sunflower oil 2:1 (LS). The differences in the fatty acid composition of these regimens affect: the efficiency in creating the model of obesity; the hormonal pattern of blood plasma; some metabolic pathways in liver and adipose tissue (especially in group H); the fatty acid composition of some structural, reserve and transport lipids; some biological tests indicative of membrane's phospholipid and fatty acid composition, i.e. the rate of platelets aggregation. A special attention should be paid to the striking differences in the cellularity and morphogenesis of adipose tissue in group B (hyperplastic obesity) in comparison with all other high-fat groups (hypertrophic obesity), irrespective of the identical energy and protein content of the diets. Thus, the early administration of a diet with butterfat (50% of energy) promoted a model of hyperplastic obesity, while the isocaloric diet with lard + sunflower oil caused a hypertrophic type of obesity. The authors have proved the regenerating capacity of the periepididymal fat pad in adult rats after partial lipectomy. The relative contribution of endogenic and exogenic (nutritional) factors in this process is discussed and the modifications in the cellularity of adipose tissue on these conditions are evaluated.  相似文献   

2.
The degree of incorporation of conjugated dienes, trienes and tetraenes into reserve (depot fats) and structural liver lipids of rats is studied depending on the type of high-fat feeding (50 energy%): lard, lard + sunflower oil (2:1), butter, hydrogenated sunflower oil. It is found that in adipose tissue there are only conjugated dienes whose concentration is lower than that of lipids of the respective diets and of the liver. Structural lipids are characterized by a high concentration of conjugated tri- and tetraenes. It is established that the fatty acid compositions of the diets and their oxidizability coefficients, respectively, do not correlate with the degree of accumulation of conjugated fatty acid structures in living organisms. The disequilibrated high-fat regimens based on butter and partially hydrogenated sunflower oil create conditions for more intensive incorporation of oxidized fatty acid products into the tissues.  相似文献   

3.
The oxidation stability of storage lipids from adipose tissue and of structural lipids from liver was compared to the coefficients of oxidizability of the pure fat used: lard (L); lard + sunflower oil 2:1 (LS); butter (B) and partially hydrogenated oil (H). The oxidation stability of the corresponding high-fat dietary regimens (50 energy-%) was also investigated. The experimental groups L, LS, B and H were compared to the control group (C) fed low-fat laboratory pellet-food. The coefficients of oxidizability were calculated from the fatty-acid composition of the used pure fats. The oxidation stability was performed in condition of accelerated oxidation under kinetic regimen, assaying the peroxide concentration in appropriate time intervals. The coefficients of oxidizability of dietary fats and storage lipids were very similar. This is explained by the fact that the fatty-acid composition of storage lipids reflected that of the corresponding high-fat diets. The oxidation stabilities in storage lipids were markedly lower than these in the respective dietary regimens. The highest oxidation stability in lipids from adipose tissue was found in group B, and the lowest in group LS. Contrarywise, the oxidation stability in liver lipid showed the following declining sequence: C greater than H greater than L greater than LS greater than B. The discrepancies in oxidation stability of the various specimens (pure fats, dietary fats, storage and structural lipids) may be explicated by an intervention of factors with pro- and anti-oxidative action. The large deviations in fatty acid composition in the examined tissues in comparison to the composition of the respective high-fat diets may also play an important role in this respect. These parallel studies on oxidation stability at different levels could improve our possibilities for evaluation of the stability and biological value of fats.  相似文献   

4.
目的:探究黄大茶水提物对高脂饮食小鼠脂肪组织脂肪酸代谢的调控机制。方法:将5 周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食+2.5%(终质量分数,下同)黄大茶水提取物组、高脂饮食+0.5%黄大茶水提取物组。饮食干预处理12 周后,测定小鼠体质量、脂肪组织质量,观察脂肪组织形态,并分析脂肪酸代谢关键基因及蛋白表达量等指标。结果:2.5%黄大茶水提物能高度显著降低高脂小鼠体质量及脂肪组织质量(P<0.001);减少脂肪组织的脂质沉积;促进SREBP-1C、FAS、ACC、SCD-1等脂肪酸生成相关基因的表达,促进脂肪酸分解相关基因PGC-1α和CPT-1的表达;不同程度激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)/乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA-carboxylase,ACC)通路。结论:2.5%黄大茶水提物饮食干预能显著缓解高脂饮食小鼠肥胖和减少脂质沉积,促进脂肪组织脂肪酸合成和氧化分解代谢,此作用与黄大茶水提物激活AMPK/ACC通路相关。  相似文献   

5.
The effect of Oenothera paradoxa oil on blood serum and liver fatty acids composition in rats was studied. Rats were fed high-fat diets containing 15% of lard or sunflower oil with or without 0.5% of cholesterol. Soybean protein isolate (27%) was the source of proteins. Intake of Oe. paradoxa oil resulted in increase of levels of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and linoleic acid (LA) in blood serum and liver of experimental animals. The effect of Oe. paradoxa oil on blood serum and liver fatty acids composition depended mainly on the type and to the lower degree on the amount of fat in a diet. The addition of cholesterol did not change the influence of examined oil on the composition of fatty acids.  相似文献   

6.
为了探讨猪油、植物油及其调和油对血脂、肝脂及血尿酸的影响,评估其对特殊人群的健康潜在风险,本文研究以小鼠为模型,模拟居民用油习惯,将50只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机均分为葵花籽油组(SSO)、豆油组(SO)、猪油组(LO)、葵花籽油与猪油调和油组(SSO-L)、豆油与猪油调和油组(SO-L)5组,模拟我国部分人群(5%~10%)日均烹调油脂高摄入水平(95g/d),每组日粮中分别添加10.5%的不同油脂,饲喂8周后采集血液和肝脏组织,检测血清和肝脏指标。结果显示,相比于其他各组,LO组在体脂和血脂方面都有显著或极显著升高(p0.05,p0.01)。而SSO-L组和SO-L组在肝脂方面显著高于对应的SSO组和SO组(p0.05)。同时,SSO-L组和SO-L组的SUA和肝脏XOD水平都显著高于LO组(p0.05)。表明在95 g/d的膳食油脂摄入水平下,猪油会极大增加肥胖和患脂肪肝病的风险。葵花籽油与猪油调和油和豆油与猪油调和油也会通过升高尿酸水平来增大痛风和脂肪肝的患病风险。此外,长期以该水平摄入这两种调和油对肝脏功能也有明显损伤。在该摄入水平下,豆油为较优选择。  相似文献   

7.
We examined the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched structured lipids-diacylglycerol (SL-DG), which were synthesized using soybean oil (SO) and algae oil (AO), on hepatic lipid metabolism and the mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic steatosis of C57BL/6J-Lep(ob/ob) compared to the SL-triacylglycerol (TG). The animals were fed a high-fat (10% lard and 10% test oils) and high-cholesterol (0.2% cholesterol) diet for 12 weeks. Mice fed SL-DG showed a lower total white adipose tissue weight and plasma triglyceride concentration than the SO group. Reduction of hepatic triglyceride content in the SL-DG group was related with the suppression of hepatic enzyme activities for fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis along with fecal triglyceride excretion compared to the SL-TG. SL-DG also lowered hepatic cholesterol levels by suppressing cholesterol regulating enzyme activity compared to the SO group. Moreover, SL-DG lowered the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and its target genes than TG-form oils (SO, AO and SL-TG) in the liver. Thus, the current results suggest that DHA-enriched SL-DG oil used in this study is beneficial for ameliorating hepatic steatosis in obese animal model by improving hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol metabolic enzyme activity and their gene expression.  相似文献   

8.
C E V?lcker  W Haude 《Die Nahrung》1985,29(6):577-583
The influence of dietary fat on the fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue lipids was investigated after 4 and 19 weeks of high-fat feeding (50% fat) in comparison to low-fat feeding (3% fat), beginning in the sixth week of age. In rats fed the low-fat diet or an usual pellet diet the fatty pattern of liver triglycerides (TG) was equal to that of adipose tissue, while there were no similarities to the diet. In total liver lipids a constant fatty acid profile was observed, independently of the duration of feeding. High fat feeding results several changes in the fatty acid pattern of liver lipids. While after 4 weeks the fatty acids of liver TG more closely resembled the dietary fatty acids than those of adipose tissue, after 19 weeks of feeding the fatty acid composition of liver TG is comparable with that of adipose tissue. Not all rats fed the high fat diet rendered obese. It could be shown that in rats with higher lipid concentrations in the liver only the fatty acid pattern of liver phospholipids has been altered, while the composition of TG, which are the lipids primarily increased, was not changed.  相似文献   

9.
郑丽  侯彩云  任发政 《食品科学》2018,39(17):192-199
目的:对绿茶提取物(green tea extract,GTE)、红茶提取物(black tea extract,BTE)、白茶提取物 (white tea extract,WTE)和白茶茶汤(white tea infusion,WTI)预防肥胖功效进行评价和对比,并对其作用机 制进行研究。方法:分别以寿眉、白琳工夫茶和安吉白茶作为绿茶、红茶和白茶的代表,制备GTE、BTE、WTE 和WTI并喂养C57BL/6J小鼠,同时给予高脂饲料。实验结束后统计体质量、脂肪湿质量,制作肝脏和脂肪组织病 理切片,测定血脂及血清转氨酶水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定小鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关基因表达水平。 结果:GTE和WTE可将高脂饮食引起的体质量增长分别降低22.49%和21.23%,且可显著降低脂肪湿质量和皮下 脂肪细胞直径(P<0.05)。BTE可将体质量增长降低9.03%,但对小鼠脂肪湿质量和皮下脂肪细胞直径无显著影 响(P>0.05)。BTE组、WTI组和模型对照组小鼠出现不同程度肝细胞脂肪变性,而GTE和WTE组小鼠肝脏状态 良好。GTE和WTE可在转录水平上改善高脂饮食引起的脂代谢紊乱。结论:本实验所选剂量条件下,GTE、BTE和 WTE对小鼠均无肝毒性和生长抑制作用。GTE和WTE可调节脂代谢相关基因的转录表达水平,增强脂肪酸氧化能 力,抑制脂肪酸合成,从而有效预防小鼠肥胖和脂肪肝的发生。GTE预防肥胖效果略优于WTE(P>0.05)。BTE 也可预防肥胖发生,但效果不显著。另外,未发现WTI有预防高脂饮食引起的肥胖和脂肪肝发生的效果。  相似文献   

10.
比较了3种棕榈油和6种猪油产品在理化指标、营养与功能特性指标以及脂肪酸组成及其在甘油三酯Sn-2位上的分布情况,以判断棕榈油对猪油的可替代性.结果表明,棕榈油和猪油的熔点、碘值、酸值、过氧化值等理化指标很接近;棕榈油不含胆固醇,具有比猪油较高的V_E含量和氧化稳定性;在可塑性方面,精炼棕榈油与猪板油相当,而且好于猪杂油和猪膘油,棕榈硬脂与猪骨油相当,棕榈液油与猪皮油相当;虽然棕榈油和猪油的脂肪酸组成具有相似性,猪油的不饱和脂肪酸含量略高于棕榈油的不饱和脂肪酸含量,但是棕榈油的Sn-2位上主要分布不饱和脂肪酸,而猪油的Sn-2位上主要分布饱和脂肪酸,使棕榈油比猪油更加容易消化吸收.  相似文献   

11.
Xyloglucan is a component of the cell walls of higher plants that has been used as a thickener or stabilizer in the food industry in Japan and other Asian countries. Xyloglucan from which side-chain galactose has been partially removed or ‘trimmed’ by β-galactosidase (GXG-TG) shows heat-induced reversible gelation, and reverts to sol upon cooling. Xyloglucan is not digested by human digestive enzymes and acts as a dietary fiber. The effects of xyloglucan from which galactose has been partially removed on plasma lipid concentration in rats was investigated. Male Wistar rats (4 weeks old) were fed a high-fat diet (corn oil or lard) for 28 days (control) and other groups were given a high-fat diet (corn oil or lard) containing GXG-TG (5%, replacing cellulose). GXG-TG significantly reduced total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, total lipid and phospholipid compared to a high-fat diet with corn oil. GXG-TG significantly reduced total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, total lipid, phospholipid and adipose tissue weight compared to a high-fat diet with lard. These results indicated that the intake of GXG-TG improves lipid metabolism in rats, similar to that of the intact xyloglucan.  相似文献   

12.
To establish the relationships between the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in growing pigs and the intake of fatty acids, we performed a feeding trial and did a literature survey. Six groups of pigs were fed diets with variable combinations of corn, linseed and fish oil. After 38 days, biopsies of adipose tissue were analyzed for their contents of linoleic, -linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. For the four fatty acids, intake data and adipose tissue levels were also collected from the literature. Linear correlations were computed for the intake of each polyunsaturated fatty acid and its level in adipose tissue, the data set consisting of either the original results only or combined with literature figures. The observed strong correlations between dietary and fat tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids indicate that the fatty acid composition of the diet may be used as an index of the fatty acid composition of the diet, and vice versa. The regression equations presented can be used to steer the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of growing pigs by the fatty acid composition of their diet.  相似文献   

13.
It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.  相似文献   

14.
利用低温提取法从冬眠期狗獾脂肪组织中提取狗獾油,对其脂肪酸组成进行分析并进行安全性动物试验。结果表明:狗獾油脂肪酸主要为不饱和脂肪酸,其中上清液中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达75.3%,沉淀中为65.5%,包括人体所必需的亚麻酸、亚油酸等多不饱和脂肪酸;动物试验发现,狗獾油无急性毒性,对皮肤无刺激性,无过敏反应。分析表明,狗獾油除在传统中医领域用作药物外,还有可能替代猪油成为新的食用动物油。  相似文献   

15.
The effect of amaranth and oat bran on the lipids of blood and liver in rats depending on the kind of fats in diet was the subject of our study. Sixty male Buffalo rats were fed for 28 days one of six diet containing 15% of fat (lard or sunflower oil), 20% of protein and 0.5% of cholesterol. Amaranth and oat bran added to diet provided 4–4.5% of dietary fiber, water soluble fraction of which amounted to 30%. Amaranth significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol in rats blood serum (by 10.7% in the case of diet with lard and by 14% with sunflower oil) and in liver (by 20% in the case of diet with lard and by 23% with sunflower oil). Similarly oat bran decreased the level of total cholesterol in the blood serum: by 19% in the case of diet with lard and by 22% with sunflower oil; and in liver by 22 and 27%, respectively. Amaranth and oat bran did not influence HDL-cholesterol in the blood of rats. The influence of amaranth and oat bran on the concentration of triglycerides in the blood serum depended on the kind of fats in a diet. The diets containing amaranth or oat bran with lard did not decrease the concentration of this lipids, however, the same diets but with sunflower oil decreased this concentration significantly (by 22%). In liver significant hypotriglyceridemic effect of amaranth and oat bran was observed for both of the diets: based on lard and sunflower. The decrease of triglycerides concentration under the influence of amaranth amounted to 10% (diet with lard) and 15% (diet with sunflower oil). Oat bran decreased the concentration of triglycerides in liver by 15% (diet with lard) and 20% (diet with sunflower oil). Sunflower oil added to the diets augmented the hypolipemic effect of amaranth and oat bran.  相似文献   

16.
目的:探究TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油的制备及对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢的调节作用。方法:脂质体包埋技术制备TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油。将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(6周龄)随机分为对照组(C)、模型组(M)、TG-DHA高含量鱼油组(O-DHA)、TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油组(L-DHA)。连续灌胃8周后,检测小鼠血清、肝脏脂质水平;测定肝脏脂代谢相关基因脂肪酸合成酶(Fatty acid synthase,FAS)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c (Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(Carnitine palmitoyl transferase,CPT1)、脂蛋白脂酶(Lipoprotein lipase,LPL) mRNA表达量。结果:脂质体包埋掩盖了己醛、2,4-庚二烯醛等鱼油中的腥味物质。TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油中的DHA含量为73.74%,粒径为159.50 nm,Zeta电位为-43.10 mV,稳定性良好,且在动物体内易于被消化吸收。L-DHA可显著改善高脂饮食小鼠血清和肝脏脂质水平(P<0.05),O-DHA可显著改善高脂饮食小鼠血清水平和肝脏中的TG含量(P<0.05),二者均能极显著降低FAS mRNA表达(P<0.01),显著上调CPT1 mRNA表达(P<0.05),且L-DHA效果更好。结论:TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油可改善高脂饮食导致的脂代谢紊乱,其机制与下调肝脏脂肪酸合成,促进脂肪酸分解代谢有关。  相似文献   

17.
Thirty-six castrated male growing pigs were used to study the effect of dietary beef tallow (BT) versus sunflower oil (SO) on meat quality and fatty acid composition of various tissues. The diets used contained either 5% (w/w) of the variable fat source. The fat type had no significant effect on carcass traits (carcass weight, back-fat thickness, fat-lean ratio) and meat quality (colour, pH(1), pH(U), drip losses, cooking losses, shear force, sacromere length, loin moisture, loin marbling). The diet with SO instead of BT significantly increased the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissues, loin and liver at the expense of the sum of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In erythrocytes, the diet containing SO raised the contents of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and lowered that of monounsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the SO diet produced an increase in the content of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) in the various tissues. It is concluded that feeding a diet with SO instead of BT altered the fatty acid composition of tissues without simultaneously affecting various characteristics of meat quality.  相似文献   

18.
目的:研究翅果油干预对高脂饮食小鼠降脂减肥作用。方法:将40只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为5组(n=8):正常组、高脂饮食组、翅果油低、中、高剂量组,灌胃量分别为1.5、3.0和6.0 g/kg·d。正常组给予基础饲料,其余各组给予高脂饲料,干预8周。实验结束后记录小鼠体重、摄食量等基础指标,测定血清中总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)及肝脏TC、TG的含量,并计算血清中低密度脂蛋白(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量及动脉粥样硬化指数(Atherosclerosis index,AI),苏木精伊红染色(Hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色观察脂肪组织细胞数量及大小,并进行相关性分析。结果:与高脂饮食组相比,翅果油干预组显著降低小鼠体重、脂肪重、肝重、肝脏TG含量及血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量(P<0.05),其中翅果油中剂量组干预效果最好;翅果油干预能增加血清HDL-C含量,降低AI值,但不具有显著性差异(P>0.05);HE染色结果显示,高脂饮食小鼠脂肪细胞变大且排列不均匀,翅果油干预能够抑制高脂饮食引起的脂肪细胞增大,且中剂量效果较好;相关性分析结果显示,脂肪细胞面积与肝脏TG、TC含量呈显著正相关,与血清HDL-C呈显著负相关,与AI值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明翅果油可以通过降低肝脏脂质含量,调节机体脂质代谢,从而抑制脂肪细胞增大,达到降脂减肥的作用。结论:翅果油干预可以在一定程度上有效预防肥胖及与肥胖相关的代谢疾病的发生。  相似文献   

19.
The composition of perirenal adipose tissue in Wistar strain of rats fed palm oil (PO) fat at 5% and 20% in diet for a period of 18 weeks was studied. Peanut oil (PNO) at 5% and 20% were used as controls. Under the experimental conditions, the saturation index was higher in animals fed diet containing PO compared to those fed PNO. There was no significant difference with reference to 12:0, 14:0 and 18:1 fatty acid levels, whereas linoleic acid (18:2) showed a proportional relationship between the intake and perirenal adipose tissue levels. There was a significant correlation of dietary intake of linoleic acid and the U/S ratio in the adipose tissue. Linoleic acid (18:2, n6) levels were increased in 20% PNO groups as compared to those fed PO. However, palmitoleic acid (16:1) did not show a proportional relationship between the intake and adipose tissue levels. Thus, our studies show that more saturated fatty acids are incorporated in the PO group than in the PNO groups at the end of 18 weeks feeding.  相似文献   

20.
The effect on Oenothera paradoxa oil on blood serum and liver lipids metabolism in rats fed a semisynthetic high-fat cholesterol enriched diets was investigated. The source of fats was sunflower oil or lard in 15% quantities and the source of protein was soybean protein isolate in 27% quantity. The diets were enriched with 0.5% cholesterol. This dietary experiment was carried on for 8 weeks. For the first 4 weeks rats were fed standard diet and for the next 4 weeks Oe. paradoxa oil (300 mg/day/rat) was additionally given by stomach-tube. At the end of experiment the contents of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in blood serum as well as cholesterol and triglycerides level in liver were determined. It was found, that the addition of cholesterol to the diet decreased the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of Oe. paradoxa oil both in blood serum and liver. It have not had any significant effect on the free fatty acid concentration in blood serum decrease by Oe. paradoxa oil intake.  相似文献   

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