大型隐极发电机定子单相接地故障定位新方法

发电机定子单相接地故障在生产过程中时有发生,如不能快速切除,对发电设备和电力系统都有较大的危害。提出了一种大型隐极发电机定子单相接地故障定位新方法,所提方法通过基波零序电压和故障相基波电势确定定子单相接地故障的位置,适用于中性点经高阻接地的发电机以及中性点不接地的发电机,且不依赖于注入式定子接地保护,所需要的故障信息较少,简单易行,可在现场推广应用。仿真数据和实际故障案例验证了所提方法的正确性。     

多机电力系统分散鲁棒励磁控制器的研究

提出了一种能够有效提高多机电力系统稳定性的分散鲁棒控制策略。采用发电机机端电压的相角和幅值表示发电机与系统其他部分的相互联系,并且针对由调速器的不稳定调节造成的发电机输入机械功率的波动,以及由电网中无功功率和有功功率的突然变化引起的发电机机端电压幅值与相角的扰动,应用鲁棒控制原理设计励磁控制器,从而实现多机电力系统的分散协调控制。仿真研究的结果表明了这种控制策略的有效性。     

Fuel-efficient Induction Generator Based Diesel Generator Set for Stand-alone Supply Systems

This article proposes a fuel-efficient, diesel engine driven, self-excited induction generator based diesel generator set for stand-alone supply systems. The system uses a static compensator along with a battery energy storage system. The static compensator with a battery energy storage system provides the voltage control, load compensation, harmonics elimination, load balancing, and reactive power compensation. The fuel efficiency of the generator is improved by loading the generator continuously between 80% and 100% of its rated capacity. The battery energy storage system takes the power from the generator during light load periods and supplies the power to the load during overloads. In addition, a continuous loading of the generator eliminates the problem of frequency variation of the induction generator under varying loads. The proposed system is designed to feed both three-phase as well as single-phase loads. A zigzag transformer is used for neutral current compensation. A power balance theory based control algorithm has been used to estimate the reference source currents.     

旋转整流器无刷同步发电机起动交流励磁仿真分析

旋转整流器式无刷同步电机具有功率因数可调、效率高等优点，在航空电源系统中得到广泛的应用。为了适应未来飞机电源系统发展的要求，航空发电机需要具有起动/发电双功能。本文给出无刷同步电机的新型单相交流励磁方案，在励磁机直流励磁绕组通入单相交流电，在气隙中建立脉振磁场，使励磁机转子电枢绕组中产生感应电势，经过旋转整流器整流，为主发电机提供励磁电流，解决零速下主发电机励磁问题。文中建立了考虑励磁机铁损耗的仿真模型，并运用仿真手段详细地分析励磁机的单相交流励磁的频率和幅值对主发电机励磁电流幅值的影响，最后给出发电机起动过程中，励磁机单相交流励磁的控制规律。     

三相不平衡的单/三相交直流混合微网能量协同管理策略

针对三相不平衡的单/三相交直流混合微网,直流微网内分段下垂的自治分布储能系统和交直流微网接口变换器的区域电能均衡的能量管理策略被分别设计以实现均衡功率和提高可再生能源利用率。首先,单/三相交直流混合微网的拓扑结构及其功率交换模式被建立。然后,针对基于分段下垂曲线的储能系统易出现的局部环流、难以实现分布式电源和负载即插即用等问题,设计了一种动态均衡的荷电状态一致性策略。提出了计及恒功率交互、混合微网电压、频率稳定性,基于分段下垂的自治分布储能系统与区域电能均衡策略的协调控制方法。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提能量管理策略的有效性。     

Development of an optical instrument transformer for DC voltagemeasurement

This paper deals with the principles, design, assembly, testing results and practical application of a new type of optical voltage instrument transformer based on the Pockels effect, developed for the measurement of DC voltage, with a view to the protection and control of DC power transmission systems including frequency changer power equipment. In order to develop more accurate devices, the authors conceived a new scheme capable of overcoming the particular problems of DC voltage measurement which cause measurement errors. In this scheme, the DC voltage to be measured is chopped and applied to the Pockels crystal. An optical DC voltage instrument transformer was developed and tested using this scheme. The results of the factory tests showed that the characteristics of the new device conform with the required specifications of DC voltage instrument transformers for the protection and control of frequency changer power equipment. The results of field tests conducted for 1 year at an operating frequency conversion substation confirmed that the device is of adequate reliability     

适用于风力发电的一种低成本VSG实现方法

新的电网导则要求风力发电系统具有一定的低压度过能力(LVRT),采用一种低成本的电压跌落发生器(VSG)方案,可以方便地模拟电网电压跌落.以单片机作为控制器,以晶闸管作为交流开关,以MOC3062作为晶闸管驱动器,构成变压器形式的单相VSG,省去了同步电路,因而结构和控制简单,可扩展性强,成本低,可靠性高,能够实现大功率等级.仿真和实验结果表明电压衔接良好,波形畸变小,可以满足风电测试的需求.     

Robust voltage control of a stand alone wind energy conversion system based on functional model predictive approach

This paper investigates the application of the model predictive control (MPC) approach to control the voltage and frequency of a stand alone wind generation system. This scheme consists of a wind turbine which drives an induction generator feeding an isolated load. A static reactive power compensator (SVAR) is connected at the induction generator terminals to regulate the load voltage. The rotor speed, and thereby the load frequency are controlled via adjusting the mechanical power input using the blade pitch-angle control. The MPC is used to calculate the optimal control actions including system constraints. To alleviate computational effort and to reduce numerical problems, particularly in large prediction horizon, an exponentially weighted functional model predictive control (FMPC) is employed.Digital simulations have been carried out in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The proposed controller has been tested through step changes in the wind speed and the load impedance. Simulation results show that adequate performance of the proposed wind energy scheme has been achieved. Moreover, this scheme is robust against the parameters variation and eliminates the influence of modeling and measurement errors.     

Robust control of an isolated hybrid wind-diesel power system using Linear Quadratic Gaussian approach

This paper presents the application of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller for voltage and frequency regulation of an isolated hybrid wind-diesel scheme. The scheme essentially consists of a vertical axis wind turbine driving a self-excited induction generator connected via an asynchronous (AC-DC-AC) link to a synchronous generator driven by a diesel engine. The synchronous generator is equipped with a voltage regulator and a static exciter. The wind generator and the synchronous generator together cater for the local load and power requirement. However, the load bus voltage and frequency are governed by the synchronous generator. The control objective aims to regulate the load voltage and frequency. This is accomplished via controlling the field voltage and rotational speed of the synchronous generator. The complete nonlinear dynamic model of the system has been described and linearized around an operating point. The standard Kalman filter technique has been employed to estimate the full states of the system. The computational burden has been minimized to a great extent by computing the optimal state feedback gains and the Kalman state space model off-line. The proposed controller has the advantages of robustness, fast response and good performance. The hybrid wind diesel energy scheme with the proposed controller has been tested through a step change in both wind speed and load impedance. Simulation results show that accurate tracking performance of the proposed hybrid wind diesel energy system has been achieved.     

Coordinated voltage control of wind-penetrated power systems via state feedback control

This paper presents an optimal coordinated voltage control scheme for preserving long-term voltage stability of power systems. Linear quadratic integral (LQI) controller is employed to construct this scheme. Also, this paper considers the detailed dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine, synchronous generators, over excitation limiter (OEL) and under-load tap changer (ULTC) system, which are important elements influencing voltage stability of power systems. The proposed approach at each time instance involves following two major steps: First, the power system nonlinear equations are linearized and optimal controllers are obtained by LQI technique. Then, in the second step the system dynamic behavior is investigated via time-domain simulations by applying the attained optimal control signals at the first step. The impact of the proposed coordinated voltage control scheme is evaluated by time domain simulations on a well-known test system, under variable wind speed and fault conditions.     

应用于同步发电机励磁控制系统的模糊神经控制器研究

同步发电机输出电压和频率的稳定程度影响供电质量,提出一种用来稳定同步发电机输出电压和频率的模糊-神经控制器.该控制器由2个PI型模糊控制器和2个神经网络构成.采用此方案,降低了模糊控制器比例因子的调整难度.仿真结果表明,该系统在负载剧烈变化情况下具有良好的鲁棒性.     

Control Scheme for Distributed Generator ProvidingNetwork Voltage Support

The distributed generator over the last 30years has posed several challenges when they are connected to a distributed network.The most immediate problem is to change the voltage at the connection point depending on the power supplied to the network and may cause it to exceed statutory limits.This paper describes a new control scheme for a distributed generator for supporting the voltage control in the network,thus ensuring the distributed generator to contribute to network voltage management.The scheme performance is demonstrated by a model for a distributed generator connected to a distribution network.The result shows that using the new control scheme,the distribution network voltage constraints are maintained while maximizing the active power delivered by distributed generators.     

Transient Stability Analysis for Sohio Prudhoe Bay Emergency Power System

Small isolated automatic power systems of the types similar to the emergency power system at Prudhoe Bay are susceptible to stability problems. These power systems, having two or more generator sets operating in parallel with remarkably different mechanical and control characteristics, require transient stability analysis. The design of the Prudhoe Bay emergency power system is discussed, as are stability problems such as severe transient overload, voltage drop, and frequency drop, which are likely to occur and can cause catastrophic shutdowns during the emergency conditions. The conclusions drawn are that 1) a load sequencing and load blocking control scheme must be provided to control the automatic loads at Prudhoe Bay, and 2) stability analysis should be considered essential in the planning and design phases of similar power systems so that compatible generator units and appropriate load control schemes can be selected.     

千兆瓦静态励磁发电机高频轴电流调谐滤波器研究

在大型发电机广泛应用的静态励磁系统晶闸管换相引发幅值较高的高频轴电压脉冲,使得轴电压成为影响大型发电机安全可靠运行的主要问题之一。文章在现场实测1 000 MW发电机轴电压的基础上,建立了基于Matlab Simulink Power System的大型静态励磁发电机轴电压仿真模型,分析得出静态励磁系统输出共模电压基频及其奇次高频谐波轴电压应为大型汽轮发电机轴电压的防治重点,研究提出了一种选择滤除千兆瓦静态励磁发电机高频轴电流的调谐滤波器,仿真表明该滤波器对所选择的高频轴电流滤除效果良好。     

负荷密集型城市电网低频低压减载配置方案优化研究

负荷密集型城市电网在极端严重故障下可能发生频率、电压崩溃的风险。采用基于轨迹的时域动态仿真方法,分析深圳电网现有低频低压减载措施存在的问题。在考虑局部地区孤网后低频低压减载方案与全网低频低压减载方案相互协调配合的基础上,提出既满足全网频率特性要求又适应局部负荷密集型城市电网频率要求的低频低压减载优化方案。仿真结果验证了所提配合原则的合理性和配置方案的可行性。     

电网第三道防线问题分析及失步解列解决方案构想

三道防线是电力系统安全防御体系的重要组成部分,第一道是继电保护系统,第二道是包括稳控装置及切机、切负荷等措施在内的电力系统安全稳定控制系统,第三道由失步解列、频率及电压紧急控制装置构成。鉴于目前第三道防线尚存漏洞或不足,分析了振荡中心转移至主网内部、故障点切除不掉引起远后备保护无选择动作、重要联络线的相继开断造成的潮流大转移引起受端系统电压不稳定、距离保护三段在线路严重过载时误动作引起的连锁反应及大机组保护装置参数与电网不协调引发的事故等五种情况。针对这些情况提出了若干解决的对策,特别是研究和提出了构建互联电网的综合解列控制系统的方案,解决了振荡中心转移到主网内部时能及时采取解列等优化措施,解决了电压不稳定事故发生前隔离故障区域或将难以控制的电压崩渍事故转化为容易解决的频率稳定问题等,这些对策可显著增强电网的第三道防线。     

基于虚拟同步发电机的微电网逆变器

本文根据微电网对逆变器性能的要求,借鉴同步发电机的经典数学模型,设计了一种适用于微电网的逆变器控制模型(虚拟同步发电机)。该逆变器具有功率、电压、频率调节的功能,能够根据电网自身以及负荷的变化合理调整输出以满足系统的稳定性要求。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了该系统的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和合理性。     

Use of multifield induction machine to determine the characteristics of self-excited generator systems at variable speed,constant voltage and constant frequency

This paper considers a generator system using variable energy such as wind power. The variable energy influences the voltage and frequency of a generator system. However, the load requires constant voltage and frequency. Therefore, this paper proposed that a generator system have the following good points:

• (1) This generator is a brushless system which makes use of the multifield induction machine;
• (2) Frequency converter of small capacity which is used for constant voltage and frequency in load at variable speed;
• (3) The PWM inverter can supply reactive power to the self-excited generator; and
• (4) Voltage wave of load is sine wave by LC filter of the frequency converter.

The multifield induction machines of this generator system have 4 poles and 8 poles similar to stator winding. The rotor of the multifield machine is especially cage type. This rotor can transform among the 4-pole field and 8-pole field on the stator. In this paper, an experimental study of the brushless, self-excited, constant voltage, constant frequency, variable speed and sine wave generator system by multifield induction machine is described. The component of this generator system, operation of multifield induction machine, characteristics of generator system, and the effect of LC filter in frequency converter are described.     

基于DIgSILENT的机网协调控制及动模验证

具有联络断面弱、小网、大负荷特征的工业电网,发生故障及断面解列时容易造成系统稳定性破坏问题,为此提出DIgSILENT仿真平台用于源网荷储协调系统的暂态分析和控制器开发。提出了结合安全稳定控制系统、机网协调器、电力系统稳定器、励磁系统及调速系统于一体的工业电网数字孪生系统,根据实测参数对自动装置的控制器进行了建模和比对。基于DSL编程设计了机网协调控制器,对电压控制、频率控制和功率控制整定参数,验证了对频率电压稳定性的影响,实现了联络断面功率的灵活调配。利用实时数字仿真器(RTDS)进行了机网协调装置和稳控装置的硬件闭环动模试验。给出了DIgSILENT仿真与RTDS仿真结果的对比,验证了DIgSILENT仿真机网协调控制的准确性和有效性。     

不间断电力变电站的功率协调策略

于风力发电、燃料电池发电和超导储能装置等分布式电源的多样性和复杂性,它们加入传统的电力变电站后,使得整个系统的运行控制变得复杂。因而提出采用多代理技术设计不间断电力变电站的功率协调系统：在多代理的协调策略下,各分布式电源自治的补偿负荷波动,从而提高整个电力变电站的负荷跟踪运行能力和可靠性。并通过仿真结果说明了该策略的有效性。