Total Reflux Operation of Multivessel Batch Distillation for Separation of Binary Mixtures

Multivessel batch distillation （MVBD） is mainly used to separate mixtures with more than two compo-nents. In this article, a new operation mode with MVBD is proposed for separation of binary mixtures under total reflux. A mathematic model is setup for the simulation. The proposed operation policy and the regular operation with constant reflux are compared theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the new operation mode has great advantages in time saving and operation flexibility. MVBD presents great potential for separation with high efficiency.     

垂直管中零净液流量气液两相流的持液率研究

Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids. The gas phase is air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution coefficient.     

浓度极稀物中回收微量重组分的精馏操作策略—准间歇精馏

A new operation policy--quasi-batch distillation for recovering infinitesimal amounts species existing in a mixture is presented. In quasi-batch distillation operation, feed is introduced with a constant flow rate onto the feed stage of the column, and the flow rate of the distillate is the same as that of the feed, whereas the bottom product is withdrawn periodically. The behavior of quasi-batch distillation is simulated and analyzed through an example on heavy water separation. Comparing with continuous or batch distillation, the new operation policy is more reliable and efficient to achieve higher recovery of dilute component. This is especially suitable for separating small amount of precious species from large amount of raw material.     

分批精馏过渡段放持液操作方式

The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.     

基于自适应神经模糊推理系统的间歇反应精馏组分估算(英文)

Composition estimation plays very important role in plant operation and control. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is one of the most common estimators, which has been used in composition estimation of reactive batch distillation, but its performance is heavily dependent on the thermodynamic modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium, which is difficult to initialize and tune. In this paper an inferential state estimation scheme based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which is a model base estimator, is employed for composition estimation by using temperature measurements in multicomponent reactive batch distillation. The state estimator is supported by data from a complete dynamic model that includes component and energy balance equations accompanied with thermodynamic relations and reaction kinetics. The mathematical model is verified by pilot plant data. The simulation results show that the ANFIS estimator provides reliable and accurate estimation for component concentrations in reactive batch distillation. The estimated states form a basis for improving the performance of reactive batch distillation either through decision making of an operator or through an automatic closed-loop control scheme.     

间歇提馏塔的操作

A stripping batch distillation column is preferred when the amount of the light component in the feed is small and the products are to be recovered at high purity. The operation modes of a batch stripping are believed to be the same as those of a rectifier. However, the control system of a stripper is different. In this paper, we explore three different control methods with Hysys (Hyprotech Ltd. 1997) for a batch stripper. The main difference is the control scheme for reboiler liquid level: (a) controlled by reflux flow; (b) controlled by reboiler heat duty; (c)controlled by bottom product flow. The main characteristics of operating a batch stripper with different control scheme are presented in this paper. Guidelines are provided for the startup of a batch stripper, the effects of some control tuning parameters on the column performance are discussed.     

预分布管内流场的CFD模拟及实验验证(英文)

Liquid distributor is a very import internal for distillation columns. Pre-distributor is usually set on the top of distributor for initial distribution. Fluid flow in pre-distributor is a complex system of variable mass flow with many orifices and sub-branches. Consequently, the two phase modeling of pre-distributors was carried out and the homogeneous model with free surface model was applied. The numerical method was validated by comparing with experimental data. Using the simulated results for different pre-distributors, the impacts of inflow rate, location and orientation upon the outflow distribution were investigated. Furthermore, influences of the outflow distribution for pre-distributor on liquid uniformity in trough were also analyzed. The conclusions can be adopted for the struc-tural design of liquid distributor and pre-distributor of large scale.     

酯化反应蒸馏过程的模型化及模拟研究

In this paper,a generalized model of the reactive distillation processes was developed via rate-based approach. The homotopy-continuation method was employed to solve the complicated nonlinear model equations efficiently. The simulation on the reactive distillation processes was carried out with the profiles of stage temperature,composition and flow rate for both vapor and liquid phases obtained. Based on careful analysis of the simulation results, the pitfalls in experimental design were detected. Finally, a software package for the simulation of reactive distillation processes was developed.     

工业PTA溶剂脱水过程动态模拟与分析

Dynamic model for dehydration process of industrial purified terephthalic acid solvent is investigated to understand and characterize the process.A temperature differential expression is presented,which ensures the equation to convergence and short computation time.The model is used to study the dynamic behavior of an azeotropic distillation column separating acetic acid and water using n-butyl acetate as the entrainer.Responses of the column to feed flow and aqueous reflux flow are simulated.The movement of temperature front is also simulated.The comparison between simulation and industrial values shows that the model and algorithm are effective.On the basis of simulation and analysis,control strategy,online optimization and so on can be implemented effectively in dehydration process of purified terephthalic acid solvent.     

INTERPRETATION OF FLOW NONUNIFORMITY AND HYSTERESIS WITH A CAPILLARY ARRAY MODEL

A novel capillary array model is proposed to shed light on the development of themaldistribution of cocurrent downward gas-liquid flow and the hysteretic performance behavior in apacked column.The model is based on the principle of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and incombination with lateral random walk of elemental liquid rivulets.The liquid distribution over aone-dimensional array of capillaries is simulated and the basic features of gas-liquid flow in packedbeds are demonstrated.With proper correspondence of hysteresis branches with nonuniformity of flowdistribution assumed,the experimentally observed hysteresis in pressure drop,liquid holdup and masstransfer rate can be qualitatively simulated.Strenuous efforts are still required for further developingthis model into a predictive tool for the evaluation of performance of packed-bed type devices.     

Cyclic total reflux batch distillation with two reflux drums

The present work proposes a novel cyclic total reflux (CTR) operation of batch distillation with two reflux drums working alternatively. A mathematical model is set up for the process. The computational comparison of the novel policy with the regular constant reflux and non-cyclic total reflux (NCTR) operations is also presented. The experimental runs of the new mode show that it can be operated and controlled more easily. The novel operation is significantly time saving compared to the mode of regular constant reflux theoretically and experimentally. The two reflux drum mode of CTR is also suitable for the separation of the mixture containing a large amount of light component.     

分批精馏中的持液作用

分批精馏中持液影响塔内的动态过程,因此许多学者一直致力于分批精馏过程中持液作用的研究,但由于研究缺乏系统性,持液的作用一直是学术上争论的热点.本文提出用全过程分离难度系数关联各参数对分离过程的影响,并建立了分批精馏的恒摩尔持液模型,用全过程的分离难度系数研究了分批精馏的持液作用,结果表明：塔顶持液对分离不利,但塔身持液在一定条件下增多可使所需回流比降低;塔内持液量与釜液量之比为一个因子,当q<0.7时,确定的分批精馏塔存在最佳投料量.采用甲苯-乙苯二元物系对最佳投料量进行了实验验证,实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好.     

无累积罐循环全回流操作的模拟研究

间歇精馏循环全回流操作是一种具有前景的新型操作方式。文中在循环全回流操作的基础上,首次提出了无累积罐循环全回流新操作方式。通过数学模型对其进行模拟,模拟计算比较了新方式、恒回流比间歇操作和塔顶储罐一次全回流操作3种操作方式。模拟结果表明:无累积罐新操作方式的全回流阶段时间由2个因素决定,全回流开始时精馏塔内的浓度梯度情况和精馏塔内持液的平均浓度。随着全回流-全采出操作的进行,后续循环中的全回流阶段的时间增加,全采出阶段时间减少。当进料浓度低时,新操作方式的分离效率比恒回流比方式高26.4%—30.1%,并通过模拟揭示了新操作方式的特点。研究表明:无累积罐循环全回流操作方式是一种新型高效的分离操作。     

无返混动态累积分批精馏过程

动态累积操作是提高分批精馏效率的一种有效方法 ,但在塔顶累积罐内存在的液相返混限制了分离效率的进一步提高。本文提出了塔顶累积罐无返混动态累积操作过程。研究了塔板和塔顶存液量对分离效率的影响。模拟计算和实验结果均表明 ,降低塔顶返混可显著提高动态累积操作的分离效率     

多储罐动态全回流分离方法

多储罐间歇精馏是新型操作方式,目前仅用于多组分混合物分离.为了扩大多储罐间歇精馏塔的应用,将其用于2组分物系的分离,提出了多储罐动态全回流分离方法.其特点是可分为全回流提浓和倒罐采出阶段,这2个阶段交替进行,直到分离结束.建立了该过程的数学模型,并与常规恒回流比方式比较,结果表明:动态全回流方法省时.进一步通过乙酸-水...     

多元间歇精馏拟夹紧区的变化规律

拟夹紧区是精馏塔内出现的浓度变化很小的区域,对于精馏塔的操作和设计具有重要意义。 本文通过恒摩尔持液模型进行模拟计算,讨论了理想多元物系间歇精馏过程中回流比和相对挥发度对拟夹紧区的影响及拟夹紧区的更替过程。在多元物系间歇精馏过程中,拟夹紧区的宽度随回流比和相对挥发度的大小而改变;拟夹紧区在塔内出现的位置是不断变化的,存在上拟夹紧区和中拟夹紧区的相互演化过程。     

“全回流”间歇精馏塔顶贮槽内液体流动时的混合

引　言2 0世纪 80年代末 ,余国琮、杨志才等[1] 参照连续精馏开工过程的操作方法提出并实验证明了一种新的间歇精馏操作方法———塔顶累积全回流法(本文简称“全回流”) .采用此法 ,笔者[2 ] 最近推导出在理想操作条件下间歇精馏二元理想混合物精馏过程中塔顶贮槽内液体流动为完全混合时最小汽化总量计算法 .由于采用此法 ,塔顶贮槽内存液量可能很大 ,往往必须考虑塔顶贮槽内液体流动时的混合程度 .本文以多级串联混合模型的级数表示采用此操作方法塔顶贮槽内液体流动时的混合程度 ,以在理想操作条件下间歇精馏二元理想混合物为例 ,通过举…     

Profiles of the concentrations of components along the column height at different liquid holdup distributions in distillation of binary and ternary mixtures

The distribution of components along the distillation column height in distillation of binary and ternary mixtures is studied at different profiles of liquid holdup in the system. It is shown that physical modeling of continuous and batch distillation at infinite reflux ratio without taking into account the liquid holdup distribution may be inadequate to the real process. Equations for the curvilinear equilibrium line are proposed, which relate the number of transfer units, the number of theoretical separation stages, and the component concentration.Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005, pp. 3–6.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lotkhov, Dilman, Lipatova, Kvashnin, Kulov.     

间歇精馏过渡馏分脉冲馏出规律研究

建立了二元理想物系考虑全塔持液量的间歇精馏微分形式的数学模型,采用四阶定步长龙格－库塔法对间歇精馏过渡馏分的常规操作和脉冲式操作过程进行模拟计算。实验证明,模拟计算结果与实际符合较好。提出的Ｃ因子概念可用于考察间歇精馏操作效率和经济效益,通过过程模拟,计算了间歇精馏不同操作模式下Ｃ因子的值,并由此分析了不同操作模式的动态规律。     

混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离过程的模拟

由于混合溶剂存在"混合溶剂效应",能够解决简单溶剂选择性与互溶性相互矛盾的问题,因此混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术可以大大拓宽传统单一溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离技术的应用空间。文章建立了反映常规混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏过程的恒摩尔持液数学模型,并运用2点隐含法对其求解,结果表明,模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。随后运用该模型探讨了塔身持液量、混合溶剂进料位置等因素对混合溶剂常规间歇萃取精馏的影响。得出以下结论,产品馏出速率随塔身持液量的增大而减小,塔顶馏分产量与塔身持液量的关系不大。另外,混合溶剂进料位置的选定对分离效果也有较大的影响,需要正确选择。