一种宽带高增益太赫兹透镜天线及其组阵设计

给出了一种宽带高增益的太赫兹介质透镜天线的设计方法，该太赫兹透镜的中心工作频率为220 GHz,工作带宽超过20 GHz,透镜外形为边长118 mm的方形。太赫兹透镜采用平凸透镜形式，透镜材料选用低损耗的氧化铝陶瓷，介质透镜前后表面带有阻抗匹配层，起到减小空气-介质交界面电磁波反射的作用。综合采用上述3种设计手段的太赫兹透镜天线实现了高增益和高效率。在太赫兹透镜天线容差分析的基础上，加工了太赫兹馈源网络和透镜样机，并进行了实物测试。实测太赫兹馈源网络的驻波、极化隔离度、天线增益和天线方向图均与仿真较为接近。进一步，将该阵列单元用于组阵以继续提高太赫兹天线增益，给出了周期组阵和非周期组阵2种布阵设计。计算结果表明，通过非周期组阵设计的透镜阵列天线，可以将栅瓣电平由-8.38 dB抑制到-13.69 dB。     

基于遗传算法的宽带高增益全介质透镜天线优化设计

提出一种基于多目标遗传算法的透镜天线优化方法,将透镜天线的增益和1-dB增益带宽作为优化目标,通过算法改变透镜的拓扑结构来实现优化. 设计了一款宽带、高增益的全介质透镜天线,并利用3D打印技术对透镜进行加工,降低了加工成本. 实测结果表明在6~18 GHz内馈源天线的增益提高了6.4~10 dB,在18 GHz该透镜天线增益达到了23.8 dBi,最大口径效率为51.9%,1-dB增益带宽为40%. 验证了该设计方法的有效性,同时也为透镜天线的优化设计提供了一种快捷、便利的方法.     

宽带平面聚焦超表面及高增益天线应用

针对现有的聚焦超表面存在介质层数多、带宽窄的问题,提出了一种基于双层介质的宽带聚焦超表面,该超表面包含两层正交的金属栅格和一层金属箭头贴片,以此实现极化旋转功能,可在较宽的频带内提高天线增益。在9～12 GHz的频带范围内,使用一个F形微带贴片天线作为馈源,验证了提出的平面透镜的宽带波束聚焦能力。仿真结果表明,当加入聚焦超表面后,天线增益在11 GHz处达到最大值18.4 dB,在工作带宽内馈源天线的增益提高了8.95～11.04 dB。由于结构简单、频带宽,设计的聚焦超表面在控制电磁波和设计高增益天线方面有很大的应用潜力。     

基于尺寸渐变超表面宽带高增益低剖面天线

设计了一种基于尺寸渐变超表面的宽带高增益低剖面天线,该天线由双层超表面和一层微带缝隙组合而成。双层超表面由分别印刷在2个介质板上的尺寸渐变六边形阵列贴片组成,贴片之间存在非等距间隙。超表面单元尺寸渐变设计能够使天线产生多个邻近的谐振点,从而展宽带宽。通过改变超表面天线尺寸结构,分析天线的宽带辐射特性。为获得最佳宽带性能,采用遗传算法优化天线几何参数。制作并测试了一款边长为43.3 mm,厚度为4.853 mm的样本天线用于验证仿真结果。实测结果显示,该天线-10 dB阻抗带宽达到了54%(3.99~6.93 GHz),最高增益达到12.05 dB,在4~6 GHz范围内增益保持在8 dB以上。该天线实现了宽频带、高增益、低剖面的特点,适用于宽带高速率无线通信的诸多领域。     

基于渐变折射率超表面的宽带高增益端射天线

提出了一种基于渐变折射率调制超表面的紧凑、宽带化、高定向性端射天线.该天线采用阶梯微带线-槽线结构作为馈线、准八木天线作为馈源、所设计渐变折射率超表面作为寄生结构,既可实现天线带宽拓展,又具有增益提升效果.仿真结果表明,天线可以在紧凑化尺寸情况下(尺寸为0.644λ0×0.729λ0×0.017λ0,λ0为中心频点所对...     

基于超表面的低剖面高增益圆极化天线

提出了一种基于缝隙耦合超材料表面的低剖面圆极化高增益天线,该天线由一个超材料表面和一个微带缝隙天线紧贴着组成. 通过改变超表面切角的大小来产生圆极化波,同时还可以提高天线增益和拓宽阻抗带宽. 为了验证仿真结果,制作和测量了一个大小为1λ×1λ×0.067λ(在10 GHz处)的样本天线,仿真和测量结果显示出良好的一致性. 结果表明,在整个工作带宽内天线的增益均在7.5 dB以上,最大增益达到10.5 dB,比普通缝隙天线提高了5.3 dB,阻抗带宽(S₁₁ < ?10 dB)为27.4%,轴比带宽(AR < 3 dB)达到12.3%. 因此,该天线能同时满足低剖面、圆极化、高增益等多种性能的要求,可以应用于许多领域.     

基于超表面的低剖面宽带圆极化天线

基于超表面设计了一款低剖面、宽带、圆极化天线。天线由改进的Wilkinson功分器馈电实现宽带90°相位差,超表面单元在传统方环形单元上加载箭头结构来增加额外的等效电容,进一步改善了天线带宽和增益性能。仿真和测试结果表明,天线的阻抗带宽为36.7%(2.0 GHz-2.9 GHz),3dB轴比带宽为26.1%(2.0 GHz-2.6 GHz),保持稳定右旋圆极化辐射,峰值增益8dBic,整体天线厚度仅0.05 A。(6mm)。     

基于层间耦合的宽带毫米波超表面天线

通信技术快速发展,对高速、大容量通信需求迫切。然而,传统频谱资源受限,难以满足需求,毫米波天线备受瞩目。本研究旨在改善传统微带贴片天线的带宽和增益问题。通过加载超表面结构和加强层间耦合的方法,设计了24～50 GHz宽带毫米波超表面天线。该天线采用层压方式将超表面加载在介质层中,通过仿真分析了超表面参数对天线带宽的影响,从而确定最佳天线结构尺寸,并进行了天线的制作和性能测试。仿真和实测结果表明,该天线能够实现24～50 GHz的宽带,相比传统贴片天线,其带宽增加了52.23%,并具有良好的辐射特性和增益性能。该宽带毫米波超表面天线在宽频段通信、5G通信等领域具备广阔的应用前景。     

基于FSS的宽带高增益微带天线

针对传统法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot,FP)谐振天线增益带宽窄的问题,提出了一种在宽带范围内满足谐振条件的新型频率选择表面(Frequency Selective Surface,FSS)覆层结构。基于覆层反射相位斜率为正原理,设计了具有良好特性的双层FSS结构,并集成到单层介质板,将其作为微带天线的覆层,制备了一种新型宽带高增益微带天线。仿真和实测结果均表明,与微带天线相比,加载FSS覆层结构后的天线增益能在更宽频带内得到提高,并能明显降低天线剖面。     

低剖面宽带圆极化天线阵列

基于双馈双线极化微带天线,结合威尔金森功分器、T形结功分器及顺序旋转馈电的优点,设计了一种新型低剖面宽带圆极化2×2天线阵列。把辐射贴片和馈电网络集成在同一介质层,有效地利用了介质空间,降低了天线的剖面,增加了天线的带宽。4个天线单元顺序旋转90°,利用一分四T形结功分器给4个单元等幅、相位依次相差90°馈电。根据Ansoft''s HFSS仿真结果,制作了样机。样机实测结果和仿真结果吻合。实测结果表明,该天线阵驻波带宽可以达到27.78%,3-dB轴比带宽可以达到52%,最大增益为14.19 dB。     

Small circularly polarised printed antenna

A compact circularly polarised printed antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a synchronous subarray of shorted patches with the required feed network etched on a high dielectric constant substrate located below the ground-plane of the antenna. The 10 dB return loss and the 3dB axial ratio bandwidths are 8.5 and 11.3%, respectively. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 0.195 λ₀×0.195 λ₀×0.0523λ₀     

一种适用于波束扫描的宽带低剖面介质谐振器天线

近年来,为解决传统介质谐振器天线（dielectric resonator antenna, DRA）体积庞大等问题,新颖的低剖面DRA如介质贴片天线和平面介质天线被提出并迅速成为研究热点. 然而,现有的低剖面DRA设计要么平面尺寸较大（>0.5λ₀×0.5λ₀）,要么带宽较窄（<10%）,限制了它们的实际应用. 文中提出了一种具有小型化平面尺寸的宽带低剖面DRA. 本天线采用介质贴片设计,顶部为高介电常数的介质贴片,中间为低介电常数的介质基板,底部为缝隙馈电结构. 缝隙馈电结构可激励起介质贴片谐振器的基模TE₁₁₁和高次模TE₁₃₁两种工作模式,这两种模式的场分布在贴片边缘部分存在基模场强较弱而高次模场强较强的显著区别. 本设计巧妙地利用了该区域的模式场强区别,通过略微增加贴片边缘部分高度来显著影响高次模谐振频率而轻微影响基模谐振频率,从而将高次模TE₁₃₁的谐振频率迅速下拉并与基模TE₁₁₁的谐振频率靠近合并,在不增大介质贴片平面尺寸的前提条件下获得宽带工作效果. 本天线的三维尺寸为0.35λ₀×0.35λ₀×0.08λ₀ (λ₀为中心频率处的空气中波长),线极化实物案例测试结果表明该天线具有18.5%的?10 dB阻抗带宽以及7.3 dBi的最大增益. 该天线平面尺寸小,适用于具有波束扫描功能的阵列天线设计;且提出的设计理念还可进一步拓展应用于圆极化天线设计.     

Wideband folded shorted patch antenna with low profile

The design and measurement of a low-profile folded patch antenna with a short-circuited element are presented. By introducing dual-resonance, a significantly improved bandwidth of almost 30% for S ₁₁<-10 dB, which ranges from 1.48 to 1.99 GHz, is achieved, while the total profile of the proposed antenna is kept at a very low level of 0.046 lambda₀ only. The impedance matching, radiation patterns and gain curve are measured and illustrated. This antenna is easy to fabricate and its performance is less susceptible to manufacturing errors. Owing to its wideband and low-profile characteristics, it is highly suitable for applications in mobile communication systems, such as PCS, DECT and PHS     

An acoustooptic phased array antenna beamformer with independentphase and carrier control using single sideband signals

An acoustooptic phase-array antenna beamformer is experimentally demonstrated using single sideband signals with frequencies ω_c+ω₀ and ω_c-ω ₀ to drive the two acoustooptic devices, respectively. Varying ω_c controls the antenna carrier (2ω_c ), while changing ω₀ only effects the phase. Phase control of 0-2π is achieved using 0-340 kHz change in ω ₀, with the carrier fixed at 120 MHz using ω_c=60 MHz. A dynamic range of 66.6 dB at 2 MHz and carrier-to-noise of 126.9 dB/Hz at 2 MHz is measured. This beamformer can provide wide antenna tunable bandwidth and intrapulse beam forming     

Metamaterial-based compact zeroth-order resonant antenna

A metamaterial-based compact one-unit-cell antenna realised on a microstrip line is presented. The size of the proposed antenna is only 6 X 13.5 mm (or 0.05 X 0.13 λ₀) at 2.7 GHz owing to zeroth-order resonance. The design procedures with closed-form solutions are provided using transmission line theory considering radiation loss. The measured antenna bandwidth is 15 MHz and total gain is 1.22 dBi.     

一种小型化超宽带MIMO天线设计

提出了一种基于槽天线的小型化、高隔离度的超宽带(Ultra Wideband, UWB)多入多出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)天线.该MIMO天线由两个槽天线单元构成, 为了增加天线阻抗带宽, 每个槽天线单元由末端带有圆形贴片的微带线和末端为圆形的槽线两部分耦合馈电.采用在地板上开槽和方向图分集方法, 减少地板表面波和空中电磁波影响, 达到提高天线隔离度的目的.数值仿真和实验结果表明:该天线在3.1~11 GHz频段内满足端口反射系数|S₁₁| < -10 dB, 隔离度|S₁₂|在7~11 GHz频段内小于-25 dB, 在3.1~7 GHz频段内小于-16 dB, 并根据仿真和测试S参数计算了包络相关系数.     

3-10 GHz low-power, low-noise CMOS distributed amplifier using splitting-load inductive peaking and noise-suppression techniques

A CMOS distributed amplifier (DA) with flat and low noise figure (NF), and flat and high gain (S ₂₁) is demonstrated. A flat and low NF was achieved by adopting a RL terminating network for the gate transmission line, and a slightly under-damped Q-factor for the second-order NF response. Besides, flat and high S ₂₁ was achieved using the proposed cascade gain cell, which constitutes a cascode-stage with a low-Q RLC load and a splitting-load inductive-peaking inverter stage. In the high-gain (HG) mode, the DA consumed 27.6 mW and achieved S ₂₁ of 17.5 plusmn 1.23 dB with an average NF of 3.24 dB over the 3-10 GHz band, one of the best reported NF performances for a CMOS UWB DA or LNA in the literature. The measured IIP3 was 2.1 dBm (at 8 GHz). In the low-gain (LG) mode, the DA achieved S ₂₁ of 10.74 plusmn 1.2 dB and an average NF of 4.67 dB with a low power dissipation of 9 mW.     

Fan-Beam Millimeter-Wave Antenna Design Based on the Cylindrical Luneberg Lens

A new design of two-dimensional cylindrical Luneberg lens is introduced based on TE₁₀ mode propagation between parallel plates, with special focus on ease of manufacturing. The parallel plates are partially filled with low cost polymer material (Rexolite epsiv_r = 2.54) to match Luneberg's law. A planar linear tapered slot antenna (LTSA) is inserted into the air region between the parallel plates at the edge of the Luneberg lens as a feed antenna, with fine positioning to the focal point of the Luneberg lens to optimize the antenna system performance. A combined ray-optics/diffraction method is used to obtain the radiation pattern of the system and results are compared with predictions of a time domain numerical solver. Measurements done on a 10-cm Luneberg lens designed for operation at 30 GHz agree very well with predictions. For this prototype, 3-dB E- and if-plane beamwidths of 6.6deg and 54deg respectively were obtained, and the sidelobe level in the E-plane was -17.7-dB. Although the parallel plate configuration should lead to a narrow band design due to the dispersion characteristics of the TE₁₀ mode, the measurement results demonstrate broadband characteristics with radiation efficiencies varying between 43% and 72% over the tested frequency band of 26.5-37 GHz. The designed cylindrical Luneberg lens can be used to launch multiple beams by implementing an arc array of planar LTSA elements at the periphery of the lens, and can be easily extended to higher mm-wave frequencies.     

A model for the multipath delay profile of fixed wireless channels

This paper deals with the measurement and modeling of multipath delay on fixed wireless paths at 1.9 GHz in suburban environments. The primary focus is on the delay profile, which is the normalized plot of received power versus delay in response to an RT “impulse.” We describe measurement campaigns in the western suburbs of Chicago, IL, and in suburban north-central New Jersey. Our analysis of the data suggests to us that, for directive terminal antennas, the delay profile can be modeled as having a “spike-plus-exponential” shape, i.e., a strong return (“spike”) at the lowest delay, plus a set of returns whose mean powers decay exponentially with delay. This delay profile can be characterized by just two parameters (both variable over the terrain), namely, the ratio (K₀) of the average powers in the “spike” and “exponential” components and the decay time constant (τ₀) of the “exponential” component. No such simple structure appears to apply for delay profiles using omnidirectional antennas. For a directive antenna with a 32° beamwidth, we find that: (1) the statistical correlation between the profile parameters K₀ and τ₀ is negligible; (2) these parameters are relatively insensitive to antenna height and path length; and (3) over each measured region (Illinois and New Jersey), K₀ and τ₀ have median values close to 8 dB and just below 0.2 μs, respectively. Moreover, we have found simple probability distributions that accurately portray the variability of K₀ and τ₀ over the terrain     

A dual-beam micro-CPW leaky-mode antenna

A quasi-planar leaky-mode antenna employing the second higher order leaky mode of even symmetry in its leaky-wave regime has been proposed for a new antenna configuration consisting of a microstrip and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) on both sides of the substrate. The new antenna, also known as the micro-CPW antenna, is directly fed by a CPW line without matching circuit. One particular K-band antenna of 36 mm long [about 2.7 free-space wavelengths (λ₀) at 22.1 GHz] shows 5.3% impedance bandwidth for VSWRs less than 2.0 for frequencies between 21.927-23.110 GHz, 11.0-dB antenna gain, and 90.02% efficiency. Detailed analyses show that the dual-beam antenna is linearly polarized along two slanted lines, which lie in the longer axes of the ellipses that approximate the radiation contours. Both theoretical and experimental data for the micro-CPW antenna agree very well for the particular design. The proposed micro-CPW antenna is suitable for active integrated antenna integration at higher microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies