变幅多次冲击对蜂窝纸板缓冲特性影响

目的研究了蜂窝纸板在面外变幅多次冲击下的缓冲特性,为蜂窝纸板的运输包装设计提供参考。方法对蜂窝纸板进行不同强度类型的多次冲击,以模拟运输过程中其经历的冲击与跌落,再通过进行准静态压缩试验来评估其缓冲性能的变化情况。结果多次冲击后蜂窝的剩余结构产生了2个明显的变形情况:具有垂直胞壁的未压溃部分和由于冲击累积而导致褶皱的压溃部分;发现冲击强度由低到高比由高到低对蜂窝结构应力-应变、缓冲系数和能量吸收曲线造成的影响更为明显,且影响程度随着高度种类的增多而增加。结论多次冲击会对蜂窝纸板的缓冲性能产生不利影响,且影响的程度会受到冲击顺序的影响,因此,考虑冲击的类型对于缓冲包装来说具有十分重要的意义。     

疲劳振动对蜂窝纸板缓冲性能影响

为探究蜂窝纸板在不同程度疲劳振动下缓冲特性的变化规律,通过对多种湿度环境下处理的纸板进行不同程度的疲劳振动,再进行准静态压缩试验,并借助Matlab软件得到其应力-应变曲线、缓冲系数与湿度、振动次数关系曲线、塑性形变及能量吸收曲线。结果表明,随着振动次数和相对湿度的不断增加,材料的承载能力、剩余屈服力、缓冲效果、吸能特性都随之减弱,且随应变大小而有所不同。振动后的蜂窝纸板与振前相比各项性能都有响应减弱,此研究可以为产品不同环境条件和物流情况下的缓冲包装设计提供理论依据。     

Quasi‐static and Impact Responses of Multi‐layered Corrugated Paperboard Cushion by Virtual Mass Method

Quasi‐static compressive and impact behaviours of multi‐layered corrugated paperboard (MLCP) cushioning structure were analysed by a recently proposed virtual mass method. First, virtual mass method was applied and verified analytically to solve quasi‐static compressive responses for representative two‐layer corrugated paperboard cushioning structure. The results show that the two layers in the cushioning structure reach the buckling state in chronological order because of the existence of the small perturbations triggered by inertial force related to virtual mass, which leads to the two typical stress peaks in stress–strain curves. Second, the quasi‐static compressive behaviours of MLCP cushioning structure were further studied numerically, showing that the buckling order of multi‐layer cushioning structure depends on virtual mass, but the stress–strain curves remain unchanged when the virtual mass is smaller than some certain value. Finally, quasi‐static and dynamic impact tests of MLCP cushioning structure composed of C‐flute corrugated paperboard were carried out to further validate the capacity of the virtual mass method to describe layer‐wise collapse mechanism given the constitutive relationship of the monolayer corrugated paperboard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二次加载时蜂窝纸板的缓冲性能研究

依据蜂窝纸板初次压缩应力-应变曲线,设计了预压方案,研究了二次加载时蜂窝纸板的静态缓冲性能,并与初次加载时的缓冲性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:弹性预压对二次加载时缓冲系数曲线影响较小,塑性平台预压对缓冲系数曲线的影响较为显著;蜂窝纸板的最小缓冲系数随着预压量的增大而线性增大;弹性预压下,缓冲系数稳定时的应变随预压量的增加而增大,而塑性平台预压下,则随预压量的变大而减小;缓冲系数的波动幅度随预压量增加而逐渐减小,预压至塑性平台时,波动消失。研究为蜂窝纸板在多次冲击状况下的应用提供了理论基础。     

垂直载荷作用下蜂窝纸板的非线性屈曲分析

蜂窝纸板质轻、强度高、抗冲击性能好,广泛应用于包装物流领域,但是由于其屈曲机理非常复杂而不能准确预测其屈曲强度。借助于有限元分析软件ANSYS对垂直载荷作用下蜂窝纸板的屈曲强度进行了特征值和非线性屈曲模拟分析,并对其结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,应用ANSYS软件对蜂窝纸板进行屈曲分析是可行的。分析结果对蜂窝纸板的设计、力学性能研究与测试具有一定的参考价值;非线性屈曲分析结果的精度比特征值屈曲分析高,将两者结合使用可以有效地提高分析的效率和精度。     

蜂窝纸板缓冲曲线特征分析

分析了典型缓冲材料与蜂窝纸板力学模型的应力-应变曲线及缓冲系数-最大应力曲线特征,并提出了利用缓冲系数-最大应力曲线设计蜂窝纸板缓冲衬垫的方法。研究结果表明:典型缓冲材料的应力-应变曲线呈现单调递增趋势;蜂窝纸板的应力-应变曲线特征比较复杂,分为线弹性阶段、屈曲变形阶段、密实化阶段;蜂窝纸板的缓冲系数-最大应力曲线不规则,线弹性阶段的缓冲系数较大,缓冲效率不高,在该阶段可以与其它缓冲材料组合使用,屈曲变形阶段的缓冲系数及应力均较小,缓冲效率较高,但需要跨越峰值应力,在该阶段衬垫设计按照线弹性阶段的峰值应力计算,密实化阶段的材料承受应力较大,不利于保护产品。预压后的蜂窝纸板损失了部分承载能力,其缓冲系数-最大应力曲线平滑,因而其衬垫可按照经典缓冲衬垫设计方法进行设计。     

瓦楞结构纸蜂窝夹层的动态性能研究

比较了瓦楞结构蜂窝夹层和普通蜂窝夹层用纸量的差别,用聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液作为黏合剂,使用不同楞型和定量的瓦楞纸板制得瓦楞结构蜂窝夹层,利用冲击实验机研究其动态性能。结果表明:瓦楞结构纸蜂窝夹层受到冲击时会产生规则的褶皱变形,从而吸收冲击能量;瓦楞结构纸蜂窝夹层所用瓦楞纸板定量越大,用纸质量越好,试样受到冲击时产生的冲击加速度值就越大;在冲击高度确定的条件下,随着冲击重锤重量的增加,不同纸板所制试样其最大冲击加速度值都会有一个极小值,该极小值与材料本身有关。     

Experimental investigation into the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard

The cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboards are studied by means of experimental analysis. Experimental results indicate that the cushioning behaviour of paper honeycombs with and without liners are similar, but the cushioning capability is significantly larger for the material with liners. Experiment and theory show that the relative density of paper honeycomb core has a significant effect on the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboards; however, the basis weight of the liner has only little effect. Experimental results also show that the energy absorption properties of multilayer honeycomb paperboards are not always higher than those of monolayer honeycomb paperboards, and that the height of honeycomb paperboard has an effect on its cushioning properties. These results can be used to characterize and improve the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard pads efficiently. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蜂窝纸板动态缓冲性能分析研究

目的研究蜂窝纸板动态缓冲系数与最大静应力之间的关系。方法通过动态跌落冲击实验,研究厚度为10,20,30,40和50 mm的蜂窝纸板的动态缓冲性能。结果得到了动态跌落冲击实验的动态缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线。结论蜂窝纸板厚度越大其能够承受的冲击越大,在每个跌落高度都能找到曲线的最低点,且每种规格的蜂窝纸板都有一定的使用范围,为缓冲设计的最优化提供一定的数据参考。     

Characterization of in‐plane load bearing of a honeycomb paperboard

The in‐plane bearing capacity of the face layer and core layer of a honeycomb paperboard is limited and unstable. However, a combination of the face layer and core layer of the honeycomb paperboard protects cardboard from small‐load buckling instability and provides sufficient stiffness and bearing strength. In the study, the platform theory models of the machine direction and cross direction are established based on plastic deformation, plastic energy dissipation, and the energy conservation theory. Additionally, the marginal pressure strength in the machine direction and cross direction are deduced by combining the practical application of the honeycomb paperboard. A comparison of theoretical and experimental data indicates that the two are in good agreement. Therefore, the theoretical results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable selection of important parameters of honeycomb paperboards with different strength requirements.     

内含气体对蜂窝纸板异面动态冲击性能的影响

目的以六边形蜂窝纸板为对象,研究内含气体对其异面冲击性能的影响。方法通过动态冲击实验分析内含气体对接触力、最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变和吸收能的影响,得出不同孔隙率时,蜂窝纸板的接触力-时间曲线,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能与冲击能曲线和吸收能-孔隙率曲线。结果在给定冲击能的情况下,最大接触力与吸收能随着孔隙率的增大而减小,最大位移及最大应变随着孔隙率的增大而增大。在孔隙率一定时,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变和吸收能随冲击能线性增大。此外,冲击能越大,接触力达到峰值的时间越短,接触持续时间越长。结论在动态冲击实验中,内含气体使蜂窝纸板吸收冲击能的能力明显增强,并且当冲击能一定时,孔隙率越大,蜂窝纸板越容易被压变形,吸收能越少。     

Effect of relative humidity on energy absorption properties of honeycomb paperboards

The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the energy absorption characteristics of honeycomb paperboard is investigated experimentally. Results indicate that RH has no significant effect on plateau stress, or energy absorption capacity of honeycomb paperboard in RH range between 40–75%, but its energy absorption properties decrease substantially with the increasing of RH when the RH exceeds 75%. It is concluded that RH is a significant consideration for honeycomb paperboard as a cushioning material used in extremely humid environments most probably encountered in south‐east coast of China, while under ordinary circumstances, there is no need to consider the effect of RH. Energy absorption diagram based on the effect of RH is constructed from the stress‐strain curves obtained from tests, and its application for a given energy absorption task is exemplified. The model established in this paper could be used for practical application for the designing optimization and material selection of packaging products in actual logistics environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A theoretical and experimental study on corrugated paperboard crushing under quasi‐static loadings

This paper presents 2 mathematical models to predict the initial peak stress and the plateau stress of corrugated paperboard which is simplified and regarded as the orthotropic plate under longitudinal compression. The resultant stress‐strain curve exhibits initial stiffening stage and a long plateau stage, where the initial peak stress determining the edgewise crush resistance of the board and most impact energy will be absorbed by the long plateau stage. By analyzing the elastic buckling of the board wall, a model of predicting the initial peak stress was obtained, while the plateau stress model was developed based on the gradual process of compression for corrugated board and energy conservation principle. Moreover, experiments were carried out to corroborate the presented model by comparing the predicted value with that by experiments, showing overall good agreement. It can be concluded that the proposed models can be applied for design of corrugated containers and cushioning packaging by corrugated paperboard.     

蜂窝纸板与瓦楞纸板组合结构缓冲特性研究

通过试验测试了瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板及其组合结构的缓冲特性曲线,并将组合结构与另外两种材料的曲线特征进行比较,结果表明,组合结构兼具有两者的优点,对于小幅荷载和较大载荷都有良好的缓冲能力.     

蜂窝纸板异面动态冲击性能的实验分析

目的以六边形蜂窝纸板为研究对象,研究厚度对其异面冲击性能的影响。方法通过动态冲击实验来分析接触力、最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能与单位厚度冲击能之间的关系,研究厚度为30,40,50和60 mm等4种蜂窝纸板的异面冲击力学性能。结果当冲击能一定时,随着蜂窝纸板厚度的增加,接触力逐渐减小,接触时间逐渐变长;当单位厚度冲击能一定时,厚度与最大位移和吸收能成正比例关系,厚度与接触力、最大接触力、最大应变成反比例关系;对于任一厚度的蜂窝纸板,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能随单位厚度冲击能的增加而增加,且与其呈线性关系。结论当冲击能相同时,不同厚度蜂窝纸板的吸收能几乎相同,可知蜂窝纸板吸收能量的能力与蜂窝纸板的厚度无关,取决于冲击能量的大小。     

蜂窝-瓦楞复合纸板的面外承载及静态缓冲性能研究

通过静态压缩试验,测定了蜂窝纸板、蜂窝-瓦楞复合纸板的静态缓冲特性曲线,讨论了蜂窝-瓦楞双面复合纸板的静态压缩变形过程,并分析了复合层数和瓦楞楞型对蜂窝-瓦楞复合纸板的面外承载性能和静态缓冲性能的影响。结果表明,蜂窝-瓦楞复合纸板的面外承载能力明显低于未经复合的蜂窝纸板;蜂窝-瓦楞复合纸板在低应力阶段的缓冲性能明显优于蜂窝纸板,但在高应力阶段与蜂窝纸板的缓冲性能基本一致。     

纸蜂窝夹芯复合板材静态缓冲性能研究

目的为了新型纸蜂窝夹芯复合板材在运输包装中的推广应用,对新型泡状纸蜂窝夹芯复合板和纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的缓冲性能和吸能特性进行研究。方法主要通过静态压缩实验,研究不同芯高的纸蜂窝结构类板材的应力-应变曲线、总能量吸收图、单位体积能量吸收图和缓冲系数-应变曲线,分析结构和芯高对板材静态压缩性能的影响。结果数据表明同种芯高的板材,纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的应力峰值稍高;纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的能量吸收、单位体积能量吸收最好;泡状纸蜂窝夹芯板由于泡结构的作用,缓冲性能大大增强。结论纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的平压强度最好,而泡状纸蜂窝夹芯复合板的缓冲性能优于同等结构的蜂窝纸板,2种板材都有很好的应用前景。     

Impact behavior and energy absorption of paper honeycomb sandwich panels

Dynamic cushioning tests were conducted by free drop and shock absorption principle. The effect of paper honeycomb structure factors on the impact behavior was analyzed. Results of many experiments show that the dynamic impact curve of paper honeycomb sandwich panel is concave and upward; the thickness and length of honeycomb cell-wall have a great effect on its cushioning properties; increasing the relative density of paper honeycomb can improve the energy absorption ability of the sandwich panels; the thickness of paper honeycomb core has an up and down fluctuant effect on the cushioning properties; with the increase of the thickness of paper honeycomb core, the effect dies down; flexible corrugated paperboard as liners can improve the compression resistance and cushioning properties of paper honeycombs. The research results can be used to optimize the structure design of paper honeycomb sandwich panel and material selection for packaging design.     

简支梁式关键部件在蜂窝纸板缓冲作用下的冲击响应研究

具有简支梁式关键部件的电子产品,在运输过程中常用蜂窝纸板作为缓冲材料。为了分析这类易损部件在冲击载荷下的失效行为,先研究蜂窝纸板的压缩力学性能,并得到蜂窝纸板简化本构方程;然后在矩形加速度脉冲激励下,求解出最大应力与矩形脉冲峰值之间的关系,进而得到蜂窝纸板横截面积与厚度所满足的约束条件,推导出简支板弯曲应力的近似解析解;最后通过有限元分析验证解析法的可靠性。研究结果表明:蜂窝纸板在屈服阶段的应力可以表示为平台应力,且蜂窝纸板呈现率相关性;运用矩形加速度脉冲替代蜂窝纸板实际传递的加速度脉冲,在求解易损件的应力响应中具有较高的精度。     

内含气体对蜂窝纸板静态缓冲性能的影响

目的研究蜂窝纸板的内部气体对其静态缓冲性能的影响规律。方法通过静态压缩实验,研究在不同孔隙率的条件下蜂窝纸板的缓冲性能。结果通过静态压缩实验,得到了应力-应变曲线,对比不同孔隙率条件下的应力-应变曲线,可以观察到孔隙率越大,蜂窝纸板在压缩过程中的静态峰应力越小,蜂窝纸板越容易被压变形,并且形成的密实层越薄,其中孔隙率为0与孔隙率为100%时的应力-应变曲线变化明显,且气体泄漏不受厚长比和孔径尺寸的影响。结论在静态压缩过程中,蜂窝纸板内的气体使蜂窝纸板所能承受的应力明显增强,并且通过理论推导,得出了内含气体影响下蜂窝纸板在静态压缩过程中各个阶段的应力理论公式,为其缓冲性能的研究提供了一定的理论方法。