激光致等离子体中离子引出的空间

对于原子法激光分离同位素(AVLIS),离子引出的特性研究具有十分重要的意义。采用YAG脉冲激光的四倍频输出与两平行平面极板间空气相互作用产生等离子体。极板间加几百伏电压,使离子从极板间的等离子体中引出。采用特殊设计的极板结构和实验装置,研究了电荷收集量在极板上的分布。通过对数据的分析,总结了离子引出过程中等离子体扩散效应,并发现离子引出的空间分布与极板间距有关,而与极板间电压基本无关。     

原子激光同位素分离的离子引出技术

介绍了离子引出的几种方法 ,包括平行板电极法、交替偏压平行板电极法、线状阳极对称电极法、Π 状电极法、M状电极法、射频共振法等 ,并对这些技术进行了简要的评述。重点介绍了射频共振引出的理论模型和模拟实验方法。选择合适的离子引出参数 ,射频共振法比平行板电极法的离子引出效果更好     

《质谱学报》第28卷（2007年）总目次

第28卷第1期离子门参数对真空紫外光电离-大气压离子迁移谱仪性能的影响…………………………………………………………………时迎国,姚琏,李安林,李芳,王俊德,李海洋(1)激光致等离子体中离子引出的空间分布特性研究…………………………………………曹宗亮,张微啸,包成玉(5)变极板间距的平行板离子引出的实验研究…………………………………………………张微啸,曹宗亮,包成玉(12)用Pro/E实现对离子阱的结构仿真设计…………………………………陈侃,黄元庆,周振,蔡子霞,朱建共(16)复方丹参滴丸人含药血浆中三七相关代谢物的研究…………赵…     

基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪的离子延时引出新技术研究

为了提高基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪 ( MALDI- TOF- MS)的分辨率 ,在自行研制的研究级激光飞行时间质谱仪上进行了离子延时引出的( Delay Extraction,DE)新技术的实验研究 ,建立了新结构离子源和离子延迟引出的电子控制系统及相应软件。通过电场模拟和实验 ,研究了样品相对质量、延迟引出时间、引出电压对提高分辨率的影响。在使用 40 MHz瞬态记录仪的情况下 ,测得环十肽 ( m/z=1 2 1 4)分辨率为 1 734,胰岛素 ( m/z=5375)为 2 1 2 4。     

基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪的离子延时引出新技术研究

为了提高基体辅助激先解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF-MS)的分辨率,在自行研制的研究级激光飞行时间质谱仪上进行了离子延时引出(Delay Extraction,DE)新技术的实验研究,建立了新结构离子源和离子延迟引出的电子控制系统及相应软件。通过电场模拟和实验,研究了样品相对质量、延迟引出时间、引出电压对提高分辨率的影响。在使用40MH_z瞬态记录仪的情况下,测得环十肽(m/z=1214)分辨率为1734,胰岛素(m/z=5375)分辨率为2124。     

一种新的离子引出方法——射频共振法

在传统的静电场离子引出中,由于等离子体屏蔽的存在,限制离子引出时间,降低了离子引出率。为了削弱静电场方法中等离子体屏蔽对离子引出的影响,提出了射频共振的方法。射频共振法是利用等离子体回路阻抗与外加射频电场频率之间的相互关系,通过调节射频电场频率,使射频电场与等离子体达到共振状态。当达到共振时,等离子体阻抗最小,电场可以穿透等离子体,提高了离子引出效率。共振法缩短了离子引出时间,提高了离子引出效率,并且可以通过对外加磁场的调节来控制等离子体密度。本文介绍了目前射频共振理论的模拟计算和实验研究情况。     

激光电离碘甲烷中空间电荷对飞行时间质谱峰的影响研究

利用飞行时间质谱（TOFMS）研究碘甲烷分子激光电离的过程中,发现I⁺离子峰的峰形随激光光强增大逐渐加宽,且CH_q⁺ (q=0~3)离子峰位置随光强增大而发生移动。激光功率密度从1.4×10¹⁰ W/cm²增加到5.2×10¹⁰ W/cm²时,I⁺离子峰的半高全宽W_1/2从113 ns增加到426 ns,同时CH₃⁺离子的峰位置向前位移了52 ns。通过对I⁺离子峰的半高全宽W_1/2和CH₃⁺离子峰位置与碘离子强度I_I⁺关系的分析,发现I⁺离子峰的半高全宽W_1/2正比于I_I^+0.5,而CH_q⁺ (q=0~3)的峰位移与碘离子的强度I_I⁺成正比。激光焦点处离子间的库仑排斥作用随着离子强度的增大而增大,由于这种空间电荷效应造成的库仑势能的增加对离子的初始平动能有一定影响,并导致离子到达检测器的时间发生改变,因而半高全宽的增大和离子峰位移随离子强度的变化规律,可以用空间电荷效应来解释。     

湿式平行板溶蚀器对气体吸收效率的实验研究

本文简单介绍了湿式平行板溶蚀器的工作原理及特点,并通过实验研究了UR G-9000D在线离子色谱系统中湿式平行板扩散溶蚀器的气体吸收效率与SO2及NOx等气体浓度之间的关系.结果表明,该溶蚀器对不同浓度的SO2气体均表现出高的吸收效率,说明SO2气体基本被完全吸收,并避免了损失和残留;而高浓度的NOx气体由于难以通过反应转化成相应的NO2-和N03-等水溶性离子,因而对气体和颗粒物中水溶性离子的监测分析不会产生任何影响.     

Kaufman离子推力器离子光学引出系统的结构设计

对Kaufman离子推力器的离子光学引出系统的制造技术,开展了试验研究.通过研究,掌握了离子光学引出系统主要工作特点和定位要求;确定了盘形钼栅极和钛栅极的加工工艺;研制了高精度定位结构的离子光学引出系统;提高了Kaufman离子推力器的工作性能,并在离子推力器700 h的考核实验中得到了验证.     

REFLEXⅢ基质辅助激光解析电离时间飞行(MALDI-TOF)质谱仪的特点及应用

REFLEAⅢ基质辅助激光解析电离时间飞行(MALDI-TOF)质谱仪(图1)是布鲁克公司推出的世界上最灵敏的MALDI-TOF质谱仪。该仪器配有自动制样机,无网离子的延迟引出技术,无网双聚焦反射器,除可测各种分子的分子量外,还可通过源后分解谱(Post Source decomposition,PSD)得到结构信息,是当前研究蛋白质组必不可少的质谱仪。本文对该仪器的主要优点,结构特点,仪器主要配置及应用等作了简要介绍。     

Study of ion beam transport from the SECRAL electron cyclotron resonance ion source at the Institute of Modern Physics

Ion beam transport from the Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) electron cyclotron resonance ion source was studied at the Institute of Modern Physics during 2010. Particle-in-cell simulations and experimental results have shown that both space charge and magnetic aberrations lead to a larger beam envelope and emittance growth. In the existing SECRAL extraction beam line, it has been shown that raising the solenoid lens magnetic field reduces aberrations in the subsequent dipole and results in lower emittance. Detailed beam emittance measurements are presented in this paper.     

Simulating ion beam extraction from a single aperture triode acceleration column: a comparison of the beam transport codes IGUN and PBGUNS with test stand data

Ion beam extraction from two different ion sources with single aperture triode extraction columns was simulated with the particle beam transport codes PBGUNS and IGUN. For each ion source, the simulation results are compared to experimental data generated on well-equipped test stands. Both codes reproduced the qualitative behavior of the extracted ion beams to incremental and scaled changes to the extraction electrode geometry observed on the test stands. Numerical values of optimum beam currents and beam emittance generated by the simulations also agree well with test stand data.     

Lab-on-a-plate: extending the functionality of MALDI-MS and LDI-MS targets

We review the literature that describes how (matrix-assisted) laser desorption/ionization (MA)LDI target plates can be used not only as sample supports, but beyond that: as functional parts of analytical protocols that incorporate detection by MALDI-MS or matrix-free LDI-MS. Numerous steps of analytical procedures can be performed directly on the (MA)LDI target plates prior to the ionization of analytes in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. These include homogenization, preconcentration, amplification, purification, extraction, digestion, derivatization, synthesis, separation, detection with complementary techniques, data storage, or other steps. Therefore, we consider it helpful to define the "lab-on-a-plate" as a format for carrying out extensive sample treatment as well as bioassays directly on (MA)LDI target plates. This review introduces the lab-on-plate approach and illustrates it with the aid of relevant examples from the scientific and patent literature.     

Design and performance evaluation of a novel square ion trap with mass analysis in the radial a axial directions

A novel three-dimensional square ion trap is reported as a mass analyzer or an ion transfer device. The square ion trap was constructed with six square planar electrodes while the electric field was optimized by changing their relative positions to arrange the strength of higher-order fields. Ion trajectory simulations demonstrate the square ion trap efficiently operates with radial and axial excitation. Additionally, ions ejected from the radial direction contained lower kinetic energies and their energy distribution were more centralized. These properties may improve the ion transfer efficiency.     

Test bench to commission a third ion source beam line and a newly designed extraction system

The HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) is the first hospital-based treatment facility in Europe where patients can be irradiated with protons and carbon ions. Since the commissioning starting in 2006 two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from protons up to oxygen. In the future a helium beam for regular patient treatment is requested, therefore a third ion source (Supernanogan source from PANTECHNIK S.A.) will be integrated. This third ECR source with a newly designed extraction system and a spectrometer line is installed at a test bench at HIT to commission and validate this section. Measurements with different extraction system setups will be presented to show the improvement of beam quality for helium, proton, and carbon beams. An outlook to the possible integration scheme of the new ion source into the production facility will be discussed.     

Proton emission from a laser ion source

At intensities of the order of 10(10) W∕cm(2), ns pulsed lasers can be employed to ablate solid bulk targets in order to produce high emission of ions at different charge state and kinetic energy. A special interest is devoted to the production of protons with controllable energy and current from a roto-translating target irradiated in repetition rate at 1-10 Hz by a Nd:Yag pulsed laser beam. Different hydrogenated targets based on polymers and hydrates were irradiated in high vacuum. Special nanostrucutres can be embedded in the polymers in order to modify the laser absorption properties and the amount of protons to be accelerated in the plasma. For example, carbon nanotubes may increase the laser absorption and the hydrogen absorption to generate high proton yields from the plasma. Metallic nanostrucutres may increase the electron density of the plasma and the kinetic energy of the accelerated protons. Ion collectors, ion energy analyzer, and mass spectrometers, used in time-of-flight configuration, were employed to characterize the ion beam properties. A comparison with traditional proton ion source is presented and discussed.     

Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectroscopy in a cryogenically cooled linear electrostatic ion beam trap

A cryogenically cooled linear electrostatic ion beam trap for use in photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectroscopy is described. Using this instrument, anions created in cold, low-duty-cycle sources can be stored for many seconds in a ~20 K environment to cool radiatively, removing energetic uncertainties due to vibrationally excited precursor anions. This apparatus maintains a well-collimated beam necessary for high-resolution fragment imaging and the high experimental duty cycle needed for coincidence experiments. Ion oscillation is bunched and phase-locked to a modelocked laser, ensuring temporal overlap between ion bunches and laser pulses and that ions are intersected by the laser only when travelling in one direction. An electron detector is housed in the field-free center of the trap, allowing PPC experiments to be carried out on ions while they are stored and permitting efficient detection of 3-dimensional electron and neutral recoil trajectories. The effects of trapping parameters on the center-of-mass trajectories in the laser-ion interaction region are explored to optimize neutral particle resolution, and the impact of bunching on ion oscillation is established. Finally, an initial demonstration of radiative cooling is presented.     

Laser ion source development at Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility

This report describes the efforts made to develop a resonant-ionization laser ion source based on tunable Ti:sapphire lasers for nuclear physics and astrophysics research at Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Three Ti:sapphire lasers have been upgraded with individual pump lasers to eliminate laser power losses due to synchronization delays. Ionization schemes for 14 elements have been obtained. Off-line studies show that the overall efficiency of the laser ion source can be as high as 40%. TaC surface coatings have been investigated for minimizing surface and bulk trapping of the atoms of interest.