自适应杂波抑制技术在雷达中的应用

动目标显示(MTI)技术是雷达在杂波环境中发现运动目标的有效手段。首先讨论了雷达信号处理中常用的自适应动目标显示技术,即在多杂波环境下的自适应杂波抑制技术。然后针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的级联MTI滤波器,提出了一种新的设计方法,即采用时变加权原理,通过对动杂波速度估值,实现对运动杂波抑制滤波器权值的优化。最后给出了这2种杂波抑制级联型MTI的工程实现。     

一种MIMO雷达非高斯杂波中的信号分离方法

针对传统匹配滤波方法对非高斯相关杂波下MIMO雷达信号分离性能下降的问题,本文基于线性约束最小功率波束形成器原理,给出了一种适用于非高斯相关杂波条件下的MIMO雷达自适应信号分离算法。该方法将需要分离的发射信号以外的信号和相关杂波作为干扰,利用接收信号的分数低阶统计量在线性约束最小功率准则下导出了滤波器权系数,实现了非高斯相关杂波中对信号实时有效的分离。最后采用本文方法在SG-Alpha稳定分布杂波背景下进行了仿真实验,结果表明,本文方法可有效实现非高斯相关杂波中的MIMO雷达信号分离。      

频率分集MIMO雷达信号优化设计

针对集中式多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output, MIMO)雷达扩展目标检测识别问题,提出将多频阵列(multiple frequency array, MFA)应用到集中式MIMO雷达中来实现频率分集,增加自由度,在频域基于互信息量(mutual information, MI)优化不同频带天线上的功率分配以设计信号,针对目标依据雷达功率分配情况施放干扰以避免检测识别的情况,雷达在杂波及干扰环境下再次优化信号功率分配,实现雷达认知功能。仿真结果证明,优化信号可综合噪声、杂波及干扰统计特性重新调整功率分配,可提高目标频域响应和目标回波间互信息量,为改善目标检测识别性能奠定基础。      

Optimal mismatched filter design for radar ranging, detection, and resolution

In a multiple-target environment a radar signal processor often uses weighting filters that are not matched to the transmitted waveform. In this paper the mean-square range-estimation error, the detection Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the effects of sidelobes are expressed in terms of the impulse response of an arbitrary mismatched filter. It is desired to find that impulse response that results in the minimum range-estimate variance subject to preassigned constraints on the side-lobes and the detection SNR. It is shown that for detecting the radar target and estimating its range, the form of the optimum filter is a modified transversal equalizer. If only detection is required, the optimum filter reduces to the transversal equalizer. Certain parameters upon which the solution depends can be found by solving a nonlinear programming problem. Numerical results are given for an interesting class of transmitted waveforms.     

基于双门限控制的机载气象雷达地杂波抑制方法

针对机载气象雷达工作于风切变模式时的地杂波抑制问题,该文提出了一种双门限控制的自适应地杂波抑制方法。该方法在有效估计杂波谱中心和谱宽的基础上,利用每个距离单元的回波功率信息设计双门限控制的自适应凹口滤波器,在最大程度上滤除地杂波的同时,减小杂波残余对风切变信号的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的杂波抑制效果,并能有效地提高风切变信号风速估计的准确性。      

非高斯相关杂波背景下雷达目标检测方法研究

在非高斯相关杂波背景下,基于MTD(Moving Target Detection)的雷达目标检测性能严重下降。针对该问题,根据Alpha稳定分布杂波模型、分数低阶统计量理论,以输出信杂比最大为准则,提出了一种适用于非高斯相关杂波背景的雷达目标检测方法。该方法通过分解信号分数低阶协方差矩阵,计算等效杂波分数低阶协方差矩阵特征向量,得到最佳滤波器系数。通过仿真和实测数据,对所提出方法的检测性能进行了验证,并且与基于MTD的检测方法进行了比较,结果表明,在非高斯相关杂波背景下,所提方法的检测性能明显优于传统的MTD。      

毫米波捷变频体制下低空风切变风速估计方法

机载气象雷达下视探测低空风切变时,复杂的电磁干扰及强地杂波会严重影响其对目标信号的检测,造成风场速度估计失准。针对上述问题,本文提出一种毫米波（millimeter wave,MMW）捷变频体制下的低空风切变风速估计方法。该方法采用载频脉组间捷变,在每个脉组内利用雷达系统先验信息设计两维两脉冲对消（two dimensional pulse-to-pulse canceller,TDPC）预滤波器对雷达回波进行预滤波,削弱杂波功率,接着利用基于组合空时主通道的自适应处理（combined space-time main channel adaptive processing,CMCAP）对回波数据进行空时二维滤波,得到风切变信号的模糊多普勒估计值,最后将每个脉组内的估计结果由多普勒频率域转换到速度域,采用错位差分查表的方式订正模糊速度,从而得到风场的真实速度值。仿真结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。      

Analysis and optimization of DS-CDMA systems with time-limited partial response chip waveforms

Conventional direct sequence code division multiple access systems (DS-CDMA) using offset quadrature phase shift key (OQPSK) usually employ a strictly bandlimited partial response square-root raised cosine pulse as the chip waveform. They have the disadvantage of large envelope fluctuation that will incur performance degradation due to the intermodulation and bandwidth enlargement caused by post nonlinear processing. To improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems, the chip waveform and receiver should be properly selected. This paper presents a systematic performance analysis of a matched filter receiver and zero-forcing filter (ZF) receiver for DS-CDMA using a time-limited partial response chip waveform. Nevertheless the systematic performance analysis is applicable to bandlimited chip pulse as well. For the zero-forcing filters, we propose to select the frequency responses that satisfy the first Nyquist criterion. With this class of filters, we can choose the roll-off factor to minimize the total power of multiple access interference and noise power. The zero-forcing filter with proper choice of roll-off factor, referred to as optimum ZF, yields a performance better than the matched filter counterpart. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the optimum ZF with superposed quadrature amplitude modulation signal as the time pulse waveform is evaluated. It is shown that the optimum ZF provides better BER performance than conventional OQPSK and minimum shift keying, and its envelope uniformity is much better than that of OQPSK.     

PD中重频下主瓣杂波特性及抑制滤波器设计

针对中重频PD雷达应用背景,设计了一种主瓣杂波抑制滤波器。对主瓣杂波在实际情况下的参数特点进行了详细分析,得出杂波强度、带宽和功率与俯仰角的对应关系,据此提出了采用查表法设计主瓣杂波抑制滤波器方法;该方法克服了对消器和AMTI滤波器的不足,能有效改善杂波抑制性能,其算法存储容量和实时性满足设计要求,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

巴克码信号处理的计算机仿真

巴克码信号是二相编码信号的一种,在PD雷达中得到了广泛应用。对巴克码信号进行匹配滤波处理可使输出信噪比达到最大。介绍了匹配滤波器的设计原理,给出白噪声匹配滤波器的传递函数模型。在Matlab/Simulink平台上,建立雷达发射信号为巴克码信号时匹配滤波器的仿真模型。计算机仿真表明,巴克码信号经匹配滤波器后脉冲宽度被压缩,信噪比得到了显著提高。该滤波器的脉冲压缩功能,解决了一般脉冲雷达通过增加脉冲宽提高作用距离与距离分辨力下降的矛盾。     

Method of compensating the active component of combined interference in coherent pulse radar

The combined impact of active and passive interferences on coherent pulse radar was investigated. A mathematical model was developed implementing a new method for compensating the active component of combined interference in coherent pulse radar employing spectral differences in the structure of active and passive interferences. The results of simulation reveal that the polarization-time signal processing involving the use of rejection filters for suppression of passive interferences in circuits of forming the weight coefficients of automatic compensator make it possible to significantly enhance the quality of active interference compensation under conditions of exposure to combined interferences. The rejection of passive interference in circuits of forming the weight coefficients is shown to eliminate the distortion of passive spectrum distortion at the output of adaptive polarization filter.     

窄带干涉滤波器与YAG调Q倍频激光器的匹配

在机载激光探测海底地貌系统中,窄带干涉滤光片与YAG调Q倍频激光器中心波长的匹配非常重要。介绍了一种滤波器与中心波长匹配的方法。利用这种方法,得到了机载激光测深的实验结果。     

Robust transceiver design for wideband MIMO radar utilizing a subarray antenna structure

In this paper, we investigate the possibility to suppress interference in wideband multiple-input multiple-output radar. The idea is to employ tunable filters at the transmitter and the receiver sides, and to derive filter coefficients that result in optimal transmitted signals from a system performance point of view, for a given radar scenario. The system performance is measured in signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver output, from which the filter properties are derived. The focus is to suppress active jamming interference, and especially deceptive jamming interference. We discuss two ways to derive the transmit and the receive filters. Each procedure utilizes two different power constraints related to the transmit filters. To incorporate imperfections in the given scenario, a robust extension to the design problem is proposed. Two different robust methods are evaluated: one that utilizes a Taylor series expansion of the SINR, and one that exploits a worst-case SINR maximization. Numerical validation illustrates the possibility to suppress interference without actually forming a spatial null in the direction towards interference, and the necessity to design transmit filters that are robust to uncertainties in the given scenario.     

基于PWM的D类音频功率放大器的设计

系统旨在设计一种D类功率放大器,以高频三角波作为载波,对音频信号进行采样,生成PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)调制信号.采用高速开关管组成的互补对称式H桥电路对信号的功率进行放大,再将放大后的信号送入4阶Butterworth低通滤波器进行滤波,得到理想的音频信号.系统主要针对音频信号进行处理,对输入频率20 Hz～20kHz,振幅30～250 mV的音频信号可以实现很好的功率放大效果,最大不失真输出功率大于1W,最高效率可达到83％.还能对输入信号进行可调放大,实现信号输出功率可调.     

时变级联滤波器的两种设计方法

本文针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的时变级联滤波器,提出了两种实用的设计方法。第一种方法通过时变级联滤波器与时变非级联滤波器的等效来设计时变级联滤波器。该方法可以使时变级联滤波器具有最佳杂波滤波器的效果。第二种方法通过对总的等效滤波器的设计来得到级联滤波器第二级的权系数。分析表明,时变级联滤波器第二级的频率响应很难写出,但可以通过总的等效频率响应来体现。     

A hybrid STAP approach to target detection for heterogeneous scenarios in radar seekers

Adaptive detection of moving targets on the sea is important for radar seekers. Recently, more attention has been paid to the deleterious effect of clutter heterogeneity on space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for pulse Doppler radar. Since secondary samples are no longer statistically independent and identically distributed (IID) in heterogeneous environments, this is subjected to a great challenge to target detection for radar seekers. Due to the fact that chaff jamming severely affects the performance degradation of target detection, the hybrid detection algorithm is proposed to suppress the sea clutter and chaff jamming. Firstly, the range cells can be classified into two regions according to the power, namely clutter region and hybrid region. Then we propose different algorithms to process two regions. The fixed point (FP) estimator is used to estimate the clutter covariance matrix in clutter region. While the power selected training (PST) algorithm is used to select the homogeneous secondary samples, and an algorithm based on two-step subspace projection for hybrid interference suppression is presented in hybrid region. Finally, the proposed Pareto-based generalized likelihood ratio test (PBGLRT) detector can detect the slowly moving targets in heterogeneous interference. Simulation results show that the PBGLRT detector outperforms both the low rank normalized adaptive match filter (LRNAMF) and normalized adaptive match filter (NAMF) detectors against interference heterogeneity.     

利用高通滤波器设计原理讲解动目标指示技术

动目标指示（Motion Target Indication, MTI）利用特殊的滤波器区分静止杂波与运动目标,是脉冲多普勒（Pulse Doppler, PD）雷达中一类重要的杂波抑制方法,但学生往往不知道如何分析和设计MTI滤波器。本文从数字信号处理中的数字高通滤波器这个知识点入手,给学生从数字滤波器的角度讲解MTI信号处理过程,通过Z变换的特点讲解MTI处理的基本原理以及性能分析。     

改进的Log-Normal分布杂波仿真方法

针对目前Log—Normal分布杂波仿真中没有考虑线性滤波器物理可实现性的问题,首先研究了该杂波模型的统计特性及其ZMNL仿真方法;在此基础上,引入最小相位特性与复倒谱技术,提出了一种物理可实现的滤波器产生方法,同时详细阐述了物理可实现Log—Normal分布杂波随机序列产生的流程;最后,进行了仿真实验,仿真结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。该方法产生的杂波可用于雷达信号模拟、雷达图像分析及雷达最优信号处理器的设计。     

TWO APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN OF TIME-VARYING CASCADED FILTERS

Two approaches to the design of time-varying cascaded filters used in radar clutter rejection are presented. In the first approach, by fitting the cascaded filter to the noncascaded filter, the time-varying cascaded filter can be designed, which makes it possible that the time-varying cascaded filter behaves just like an optimum clutter filter. The second approach can be used to design the second-stage filter in a time-varying cascaded one by setting zeros in its equivalent overall frequency response. It has been shown that it is difficult to express the frequency response of the second-stage filter in the time-varying cascaded one, however, it is convenient to be involved in the overall response.     

机载雷达脉间波形参数伪随机跳变技术

机载雷达脉间波形参数伪随机跳变主要是通过优化设计脉冲重复间隔、初相、频率和幅度等参数,增加雷达波形的复杂度与不确定性,提升机载雷达反杂波和抗干扰能力,是机载雷达技术的主要发展方向之一.脉间参数的伪随机跳变给多脉冲相参积累、杂波谱特性建模等带来困难.该文建立了脉间参数伪随机跳变信号模型,提出了非均匀参数捷变脉间相参处理方...