计及套圈变形的电主轴角接触球轴承动刚度分析

针对高速电主轴结构特点,应用弹性力学和滚动轴承动力学理论,建立考虑内圈弯曲变形影响的角接触球轴承动刚度分析模型,探讨不同工况下内圈的径向挠度及其对轴承动刚度的影响,最后在12MD60Y6型号电主轴上进行轴承动刚度测试。理论和实验结果表明,内圈径向挠度和轴承的轴向载荷成正比、与转速成反比,在重载条件下其值不容忽视。考虑内圈径向挠度的轴承动刚度计算结果更接近实验结果。     

动力传动机构四点接触球轴承的振动特性分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对动力传动机构四点接触球轴承的振动开展研究,建立了考虑润滑的四点接触球轴承振动分析模型,并以QJ214四点接触球轴承为例,对不同结构参数及工况参数下轴承的振动特性进行了理论分析。结果表明:四点接触球轴承径向游隙和滚动体数量越小,轴承振动越小;内、外圈沟曲率半径系数对轴承振动的影响较大,合理选择内、外圈沟曲率半径系数可以有效降低轴承振动;润滑剂可以缓和振动冲击,减小轴承的振动;对四点接触球轴承施加合理的轴向载荷可以降低轴承的振动。     

低噪音深沟球轴承振动特性研究

在滚动轴承动力学分析理论基础上建立含轴承零件工作表面波纹度的深沟球轴承动力学数学模型,并以某型号低噪音深沟球轴承为例,对不同结构参数、工况参数及谐波参数下低噪音深沟球轴承的振动特性进行理论分析。结果表明,合理选取径向游隙、内外沟曲率半径系数及保持架兜孔间隙等参数能使轴承本身达到减振降噪目的;振动值随轴承宽度增加逐渐减小;施加一定轴向载荷能有效降低轴承振动;存在的合理转速使用范围能有效降低轴承振动;内外滚道谐波阶次等于钢球数目整数倍时,轴承振动明显加剧;外滚道激励谐波对应的激励频率为kzfc,内滚道激励谐波对应的激励频率为kzfc+fs;偶次谐波阶次钢球表面波纹度对轴承振动有激励作用;轴承旋转套圈会激励更大的轴承振动值;瞬时载荷增加或瞬时速度提高均会致轴承振动增大。     

CrC复合镀层钢球对轴承振动性能的影响

应用非平衡磁控溅射技术在6204轴承钢球表面制备出CrC复合镀层,对CrC镀层钢球轴承和无镀层钢球轴承的振动性能进行试验及对比分析。结果表明,CrC镀层钢球轴承明显降低了轴承的振动值,特别是在高速、高载荷工况情况下减振效果尤为显著;提高了轴承振动的平稳性能。     

轴系运行工况对轴系-基座-壳体耦合振动影响研究

螺旋桨推进轴系与船体艉部耦合振动是制约船体减振降噪的重要因素,研究其成因机制和影响因素对于识别和有效控制船体艉部振动和噪声具有重要意义。故从轴系运行状态着手,基于有限元转子动力学理论,对轴系-基座-壳体耦合振动影响因素如轴系运行工况、校中状态及激振力等进行分析。在直线校中状态下,选定轴系四种运行工况,运用雷诺方程计算各工况下支撑轴承压力分布及八动力特性参数,引入轴承润滑油膜和水膜刚度和阻尼矩阵,将各支撑轴承离散成多点支撑,在此基础上建立轴系-基座-壳体系统有限元模型,计算多激励下系统动力响应,采用有限元功率流分析各工况下支撑轴承传递特性对系统耦合振动的影响。结果表明,不同工况下轴承支撑特性会导致系统耦合振动特性不同,经轴系传递到壳体上的功率流也会产生相应变化,最终将会引起不同的辐射噪声。     

时变载荷激励的空调滑片式压缩机用球轴承振动特性分析

基于滚动轴承动力学理论，建立了时变载荷激励的空调滑片式压缩机用球轴承非线性动力学方程组，采用Gear Stiff(GSTIFF)变步长积分算法对其进行求解，就球轴承的结构参数和工况参数对球轴承振动特性的影响进行了分析。结果表明：时变载荷激励下球轴承的振动响应频率以时变载荷频率为主，表现出强迫振动，且振动速度幅值远高于恒定载荷下轴承振动速度幅值；结构参数中，原始径向游隙对球轴承振动特性影响显著，采取零游隙或负游隙能够有效地抑制时变载荷对轴承的冲击；保持架兜孔间隙对轴承振动影响较小，存在最优的保持架兜孔间隙使得保持架振动最小；考虑时变载荷的影响，对空调滑片式压缩机用球轴承施加0.3%～0.6%额定动载荷的轴向预紧力可实现降低轴承振动目的。     

考虑滚动体滑移的全陶瓷角接触球轴承非线性动态特性分析

为了探究陶瓷滚动体发生滑移运动时全陶瓷角接触球轴承的动态特性,建立了滚动体与轴承外圈的接触模型,计算了滑移情况下的接触参数。在此基础上建立了考虑滚动体滑移行为的全陶瓷角接触球轴承动力学模型,通过模型的计算结果分析了轴承系统的振动特性和周期规律。由模型计算结果可知,滚动体发生滑移运动时接触变形和接触面积随载荷的增大而增大,然而接触变形远小于正常接触时的情况,接触面积大于正常接触时的情况。搭建了轴承转子试验台进行振动试验,在试验工况条件下得到的全陶瓷轴承振动幅值与模型计算的结果平均误差仅为0.68%,证明了模型的准确性。该研究为全陶瓷角接触球轴承的接触机理研究和动态特性分析提供了一定的理论依据。     

变参数下角接触球轴承保持架的稳定性与振动特性分析

保持架是角接触球轴承的重要元件之一,其引导间隙和兜孔间隙设计不合理会导致轴承运动失稳与共振。针对上述问题,在理论分析的基础上,结合滚珠、保持架和滚道之间的动态接触与变形关系,在ABAQUS软件中建立了7005型角接触球轴承的显式动力学模型,并提取了特定工况下该轴承内圈、保持架与滚珠的动态响应曲线;同时,研究了不同引导间隙和兜孔间隙下保持架的打滑率、质心涡动速度偏差比和各阶振动模态的固有频率。为了验证所建立的角接触球轴承显式动力学模型的准确性,对高速角接触球轴承各元件线速度的仿真值与理论值进行了对比。结果表明：随着引导间隙的增大,保持架的打滑率、质心涡动速度偏差比和各阶振动模态的固有频率均减小,保持架的稳定性增强,但共振风险增大;随着兜孔间隙的增大,保持架的打滑率增大,质心涡动速度偏差比变化不明显,各阶振动模态的固有频率减小,保持架的稳定性减弱,共振风险增大。高速角接触球轴承各元件线速度的仿真值与理论值的最大误差仅为0.099 6%,验证了所建立的显式动力学模型的准确性。研究结果可为高速角接触球轴承保持架的优化设计提供理论依据。     

温变配合间隙对全陶瓷球轴承-转子系统动态特性影响分析

针对全陶瓷球轴承热变形小,在宽温域下轴承外圈与轴承座之间配合间隙变化较大的特点,建立了考虑温变配合间隙的全陶瓷球轴承-轴承座动力学模型。将轴承座与轴承外圈受热变形分别计算,并将不同温度下配合间隙作为边界条件对全陶瓷球轴承动态特性进行求解。以轴承工作温度、工作转速、初始配合间隙为变量对全陶瓷球轴承外圈振动情况展开参数化研究,并结合试验手段对模型精度加以验证。结果表明,考虑温变配合间隙的动力学模型能够准确模拟全陶瓷角接触球轴承在不同工作温度下的动态特性。随着工作温度的升高,全陶瓷球轴承振动整体呈现增大趋势,且振动幅度呈现非线性变化趋势。在全陶瓷球轴承外圈与轴承座配合处适当采用紧配合有助于减小高温下轴承外圈与轴承座之间配合间隙,提升变温工况下全陶瓷球轴承回转精度。研究工作可为全陶瓷球轴承状态分析提供参考,并为全陶瓷球轴承-转子系统优化设计提供理论依据。     

深沟球轴承运转过程动态特性有限元分析

综合考虑轴承径向载荷及转速的影响,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了深沟球轴承多体动力接触有限元模型;以显式动力学有限元法为基础,采用全积分单元算法控制沙漏,设置质量缩放系数缩减计算时间,对内圈施加不同转速时的深沟球轴承进行动力接触分析,得出了深沟球轴承运转过程的动态响应及滚动体的应力分布。滚动体的最大和最小线速度分别出现在与内、外圈接触点上,各转速下滚动体与内圈接触的应力基本相同,滚动体与外圈接触的应力随转速增高而相应增大,滚动体与外圈间接触力的波动大于内圈,而滚动体与保持架间的作用力较小。研究表明,ANSYS/LS-DYNA是分析轴承运转过程动力接触问题十分有效的工具。     

An improved dynamic model for angular contact ball bearings under constant preload

High-speed spindles are typically installed with angular contact ball bearings. This research has established a dynamic model for angular contact ball bearings under constant preload. By analyzing the constant preload mechanism, and the gyroscopic and centripetal forces, a dynamic non-linear model for angular contact ball bearings was proposed using Hertz contact theory. The model was solved by numerical iteration to obtain the dynamic parameters of an angular contact ball bearing which included: the dynamic normal contact force and contact angle, the maximum compressive stress and axial displacement, the contact pattern, stiffnesses, etc. To validate the model, a test device was designed which was equipped with a constant preloaded bearing group. By measuring the relative displacement of the bearings’ inner and outer rings under different conditions, the accuracy of the model was proved. This modeling method provided a theoretical basis for calculating bearing thermal characteristics, fatigue life, and an optimized radius of curvature of the bearing ring channel.     

惯性载荷对高速角接触球轴承最优预紧力的影响分析

高速角接触球轴承拟静力学模型是轴承内部载荷分布的有效分析手段,是动力学分析的基础.对受轴向载荷的高速角接触球轴承的具体算例进行了求解计算,得出了不同转速下钢球与沟道接触力随预紧力的变化规律.计算结果表明:在低转速范围内,钢球与外沟道接触力随着轴向预紧力的增大而线性增大;随着转速的升高,该接触力会呈现非线性变化,表现出先减小后增大的变化趋势.对这一变化规律进行了详细的分析,并从接触疲劳寿命和陀螺转动摩擦生热的角度,提出了确定高速角接触球轴承最佳预紧力的双重约束条件,为高速角接触球轴承的设计与使用提供参考依据.     

圆柱滚子轴承多体接触动力学研究

考虑滚子和套圈、滚子和保持架、保持架和引导套圈的动态接触关系,提出了机械系统中圆柱滚子轴承多体动力学分析的新方法。基于圆柱套圈滚道的三角网格模型,实现了圆柱滚子和套圈滚道的动态接触力的预测搜索算法,进而建立了计及润滑摩擦作用和Hertz接触作用的圆柱滚子轴承的三维多体接触全动力学模型。运用广义-α方法计算分析了不同工况条件下圆柱滚子轴承的动态特性和保持架的稳定性,获得了不同工况下轴承的运动轨迹、角速度、滚子和倾斜扭转振动、动态接触力,拖动力和相轨迹等动态响应的变化规律。计算结果表明低速或较小径向力下,滚子和保持架的拖动力相对较小且不稳定,滚子和保持架侧梁、外圈挡边之间存在明显的频繁接触冲击作用,内圈中心的振动位移相对较大,保持架中心的径向平面运动轨迹形成不稳定的近似圆周运动,圆柱滚子轴承的运动稳定性相对较差。随着转速或旋转径向力的增加,保持架中心的径向平面运动轨迹为圆周运动和单周期的相轨迹运动,保持架中心的轴向振动明显,滚子倾斜扭转振动相对较小。     

Investigation on Axial Displacement Fault Mechanism Based on Dynamic Characteristic Coefficients Identification of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing

To prevent the thrust bearing damage faults, the thrust bearing pad temperature and the static axial displacement variation are usually monitored and cared about, but axial vibration caused by axial dynamic excitation can also result in the severe rubbing. An electric oil pump system with overflow valve is designed on a similar industrial centrifugal compressor test-rig to apply the axial low-frequency excitation from 3 to 7 Hz, and the axial and radial vibration response amplitudes are analyzed. Then, the stiffness and damping coefficients of tilting-pad thrust bearing (TPTB) are identified by instrumental variable filter (IVF) algorithm to reveal the mechanism of TPTB dynamic characteristics affecting axial vibration. Finally, a fault case about surge and the rubbing of thrust bearing is studied. Compared with axial vibration, radial vibration does not directly correlate to axial excitation, and the axial frequency spectrum is an effective method to diagnose axial displacement faults; the static axial load, the dynamic excitation amplitude and the excitation frequency all exert influence on thrust bearing dynamic characteristics and axial vibration response. The research results can guide the design of thrust bearings and help to diagnose the axial displacement faults, while the test device and method can be used to measure the static and dynamic characteristics of thrust bearings.     

外滚道剥落的高速轴承转子非线性系统及其振动响应分析

为了建立符合工程实际的外滚道剥落高速轴承转子系统动力学模型,将滚道剥落引起的时变位移和时变冲击激励、油膜时变刚度和时变阻尼、钢球与滚道时变接触刚度和时变接触角、时变接触力等非线性因素综合考虑,结合JONES的高速球轴承动力学模型建立了外滚道剥落的高速轴承转子系统非线性动力学模型.基于该模型研究了剥落尺寸和转速变化时轴承...     

滚动轴承复合故障振动建模及Lempel-Ziv复杂度评价

故障建模是探寻机械诊断中认知规律的关键环节。为了更能准确地预知振动特征,研究滚动轴承结合面间的多体接触与传递过程的耦合作用,根据Hertzian理论建立一种详细的计及内圈-外圈-轴承座传递过程的6DOF振动模型。从轴承实际运动学的角度刻画故障的形成及渐进发展过程,进而实现单点、复合故障的有效模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较。轴承运行过程中故障状态的变化,必然导致振动信号复杂性的变化。基于非线性动力系统理论,引入Lem-pel-Ziv复杂度指标评价运行状态。结果表明,单点及复合故障的信号具有不同的复杂度,反映了不同故障状态的动力学响应的差异。Lempel-Ziv复杂度能有效描述轴承振动信号的复杂性,可作为量化指标用于滚动轴承状态评价。     

A general elastic–plastic approach to impact analisys for stress state limit evaluation in ball screw bearings return system

A methodology for stress state limit recovering in ball screws return system is presented in this paper. A lot of different researches and standards have been already performed for rolling bearings load static and dynamic rating (ISO 76, ISO 281), but nothing has been said for ball screws except in some drafting standards (Draft standard DIN 69051-4). Also the overall stress limits introduced for rolling bearings in ISO standards are not valid for ball screws bearing because of their different contact geometry. Moreover, the plastic contact due to impact between the spheres and the ball return system, very important for ball screw bearing life determination, has been investigated in very recent works only for nominal impacts by Hung et al. [Impact failure analysis of re-circulating mechanism in ball screw. Eng Failure Anal 2004;11:561–73].     

Analysis of an Angular Contact Ball Bearing Failure and Strategies for Failure Prevention

Bearing failures are one of the most common failure modes in the rotating machinery and equipment. Angular contact ball bearings are widely used considering their ability to carry the loads in both axial and radial directions, durability and low friction. The smooth functioning of these bearings greatly depends on the bearing load rating, material, type of fit with which it is assembled, the operating temperature and proper installation in the assembly. This paper presents the analysis of a failure of an angular contact ball bearing used in the gas motor system of an electrohydraulic control actuator used for launch vehicle attitude control. Detailed investigation of the failure is carried out by thermal and structural modeling of the bearing assembly, and the failure cause is identified as the combination of design error, hardware deviations and improper assembly operation which led to bearing misalignment and very high loading of the first row of balls resulting in excessive heating. The failure theory explains all the observations on the parts of the failed bearing. The physics of failure is understood, corrective actions to avoid the failure are addressed, and the strategies for prevention of similar failures are evolved.