朱冰清:与茶结缘今生必然

江南水乡,太湖之畔,风景秀美,环境宜人.村村都有小河穿过,舟楫往来,头戴斗笠的船夫有节奏地摇着橹,轻击水面的声音,伴着时而浙浙沥沥的小雨滴洒在水面上,鸣奏着水乡动人的乐曲.放眼望去,雾蒙蒙,雨蒙蒙,不远处谁家老宅,飘出缕缕炊烟,翠绿竹林中,鸟语传情,霭霭云烟,依依墟村,好一幅醉人的水墨画卷!     

饮者品级

饮酒,不宜在烦恼时,烦恼时易醉。林冲雪夜上梁山,几杯浊酒,就醉倒在雪地里,大雪飘飘,盖了一身,险些冻死。饮酒,不宜在乡愁来袭时。一个人,走向远方,走在异地,把所有的思念,包括故乡的习俗,故乡的声音,还有故乡人的相貌样子,都压在心的深层,不去想它。可是,三杯两盏,怎抵得乡愁偷袭。这时,故乡的山歌,故乡的人     

面见

天凉下来的时候,情绪低落的时候,味蕾平淡的时候,苍茫大地饥肠辘辘的时候,想吃什么?白粥不是,米饭不是,馄饨差强人意,对啦,一碗面,一碗色香味俱全的面是最好的。即便一碗普通的鸡蛋青菜面,     

美国天后主持 奥普拉·温弗瑞

奥普拉·温弗瑞的生平简直就是一部美国版的励志电影,单亲家庭,复杂性关系,少女母亲,到黑人防火小姐,新闻主持艾美奖获得者,具有世界上最庞大与广泛的听众群,抵达世界最知名的天后主持,拥有个人资产超过十亿美元。她的这部电影跌宕起伏,充满了恶作剧似的戏剧性。刚开始调子悲凉,慢慢地,渐入佳境,色彩明亮,曲调也欢快。仿佛有一双巨大的命运之手,先磨砺她,尔后塑造她,将她推向成功的制高点。     

何谓人生?

生命本是一场漂泊的漫旅,走过的每一个地方,遇到的每一个人,也许都将成为驿站,成为过客。总是喜欢追忆,喜欢回顾,喜欢眷恋。却发现,曾经以为念念不忘的事情,就在我们念念不忘的过程中,已慢慢淡忘……对于曾经的驿站,只能剪辑,不能驻足,对于曾经的过客,     

水乡觅食记——从南浔到同里将美食与美好一起打包

“这里有水晶晶的水,水晶晶的太空,水晶晶的日月,水晶晶的星辰,水晶晶的朝云,水晶晶的暮雨,水晶晶的田野,水晶晶的寺院,水晶晶的宝塔,水晶晶的天主堂,水晶晶的耶稣堂,水晶晶的水风车,水晶晶的水车,水晶晶的池塘,     

饥饿的心

上大学时,离家比较远,有一颗日寸常饥饿着,非朝思暮想的家乡食物不可喂饱的心。南师大宿舍四人一住,我们一个扬州的,两个山西的,我是陕西的。不管哪一个从外面带回来什么吃的,零食店散称的锅巴,路边蛋糕店的点心,油炸的馓子,干脆面,大白兔……三个白吃的人都会异口同声说好吃啊。其实这些吃食谁在家的时候稀罕过呐,但在宿舍吃,因为一颗“饥饿”的心,就好吃了。吃的人高兴,带吃的回来的人更高兴。这还不说明事儿,再说。当时我背着阿姨悄悄地买了小电饭锅和面包机,爱捣鼓,尤其在动手做上,很有年轻人性情,做起来创新不断,吃起来大胆无畏。记得我学做面包那会,没控制好时间面发过了,冒酸气,那往里面加点碱吧,结果手一抖,碱也过了,加了个鸡蛋,又搅合搅合,嘿!整个成一绿色的面疙瘩了,还挺翠绿的那种。搅合好了,那烤吧,烤出来,哗!哪有面包长那个样子的,就一绿色大馒头,说是馒头我看那也是馒头界里的绿巨人,颜色外形实在不算正常。尝尝呗,四人一人一块,咬了一点点,碱味十足,当下我就吐出来了,自己做的自己就先嫌弃的不行,一抬头再看那三位,好嘛,手里的吃的干干净净,虽有碱味,但还夸好吃,夸颜色有新意,还要吃!     

首饰设计人才的培养

近20年来,中国的珠宝首饰业得到了前所未有的发展,产值从1个亿发展到1 200亿元,从业人员从2万人发展到200万人。珠宝业的快速发展和市场的激烈竞争,使企业对珠宝专业学生的综合素质有了更高的要求。首先,要具有正确的人生观,思想品德素质好,诚实守信,吃苦耐劳,踏实肯干,放得下架子,善于合作,乐意从基层干起;第二,具有良好的知识结构,既有较丰富的专业知识,又有相关的营销管理知识,既有较高的设计水平,又有较强的动手能力、社交能力和熟练的外语及计算机能力;第三,具有良好的心理素质及身体素质,在面对各种压力和环境变化时,能正确地调整自我…     

小包装冷冻分割肉的储存研究

小包装分割肉是现代肉类产品销售的一种新形式,近年来在我国各地相继生产,由于它具有规格准确,方便群众,肉品卫生,有利于保证质量,维护消费者的利益,深受广大群众的欢迎。目前,各地生产的小包装分割肉多系结冻冷藏,出厂时的肉温一般在-10℃以下,但在天气炎热的季节,消费者购买后,如放置不好或时间稍长,容易变质,产生异味。     

爱你,轻声说……——宝怡珠宝『轻语』女戒系列甜蜜呈现

四季轻语 轻轻的,你来了,邂逅在春日的阳光里,为我捎来了一束鲜花. 轻轻的,你来了,奔跑在夏日的海滩上,为我绽放着爱的热情. 轻轻的,你来了,漫步在秋日的斜阳中,为我谱写惬意的未来. 轻轻的,你来了,踩踏在冬日的雪地上,为我收集漫天的雪花. 那轻轻的脚步,原来是你穿过四季来到我的身旁;那甜蜜的问候,原来是你轻轻地在我耳边诉说.我等待已久,从未如此坚定,原来你就是我一直寻觅的那个人. 人生总会在不经意间邂逅早已注定的缘分,匆匆擦肩而过却依然记忆清晰.距离在微妙间发出了爱的信号,也许是一个转身,也许是一个微笑,也许是一次善意的碰撞.顷刻间,你我已被彼此吸引,深深陷入这场邂逅,一生难忘.从此,我们开始了一段满载浪漫耳语旅程,在心底守护彼此.     

Flavonoids and C13-norisoprenoids in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz: relationships between grape and wine composition,wine colour and wine sensory properties

Background and Aims: This study investigated flavonoid composition and C₁₃-norisoprenoids (β-damascenone and β-ionone) in Shiraz grapes and wines, their relationships and links to wine sensory properties. Methods and Results: Differences in the grape berry flavonoid profile were created by exposing bunches to varying levels of sunlight intensity through canopy manipulation. Grapes were harvested at similar maturity and three replicate wines were made for each treatment in both vintages. Grapes produced under shaded canopy conditions had reduced anthocyanins and skin tannins, but little effect on seed tannins was observed. Pigmented polymers and tannins in wines were related to berry flavonoid composition (anthocyanins, skin and seed tannins, and their ratios). In grapes and wines, no significant effects were observed in response to canopy manipulation for two hydrolytically released C₁₃-norisoprenoids, β-damascenone and β-ionone. Relationships were established for wine flavonoid composition, wine colour density, sensory perception of the astringency-related mouth-feel attributes and a quality scale. A positive relationship between wine quality score and hydrolytically released β-damascenone in both berries and wines was found, but not for free β-damascenone or any quantified forms of β-ionone. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of anthocyanins and skin tannins in berries, coupled with a lower concentration of seed tannins were associated with higher wine quality. The ratio anthocyanins*skin tannins/seed tannins is proposed as an indicator of wine flavonoid composition, wine colour and wine quality. Excessive canopy shade was detrimental to berry and wine composition and intensified sensory detection of ‘straw’ and ‘herbaceous’ characters in the wines. Significance of the Study: This study increases the understanding of the balance and composition of flavonoid compounds and C₁₃-norisoprenoids in berries and their relationship with wine composition and wine sensory properties, but also highlights the importance of a canopy microclimate assessment.     

Outfitting Textiles,Fashion + Architecture: The Convergence + Interplay of Construction + Engineering for the Human Form

Links between textiles, fashion, and architecture are examined in terms of their visual aesthetics and methods of realization. Both garments and buildings touch our everyday lives and can be seen as similar types of “outfits.” Pragmatic and expressive they provide protection and shelter while also reflecting taste and identity. As ever-new textiles and technologies are emerging, these are infiltrating both the world of fashion and that of architecture. Fashion references architecture, and architecture references fashion in human scale/proportions and harmony/balance of forms, while the correct choice of textile is crucial to their realization. Fashion is traditionally seen as being ephemeral and temporal and architecture as monumental and permanent but these notions are rapidly changing. Fashion is slowing down to embrace issues of sustainability, timelessness, and longevity while architecture is speeding up to take on aspects of flexibility, mobility, and change. It is proposed that the future will move towards a convergence that includes the bespoke where new textiles and technologies enable “outfits” to be made for wearing and for living in that are intimate and individual—tailored to suit and responsive to need.     

Physicochemical,milling and cooking quality of rice as affected by sowing and transplanting dates

The physicochemical, milling and cooking characteristics of three commercial varieties of paddy viz. Jaya, PR 106 and Pb. Basmati no. 1 as affected by different dates of sowing nursery and transplanting, were investigated. Grain yield was adversely affected with late sowing and transplanting dates. Significant differences were recorded on the yield of head rice and brokens in the three varieties grown under different sowing and transplanting dates. The effect of normal and late dates of sowing on 1000-kernel weight and grain dimensions was significant for both paddy and milled rice. Protein content of rice was not affected by sowing dates but late transplantings resulted in higher values. Free fatty acids in rice and bran were significantly increased with late sowing and transplanting dates, however, the amylose content decreased under these situations. Late transplanting dates decreased the minimum cooking time but increased the solid losses in gruel. The late transplantings deteriorated the organoleptic properties of cooked rice and had higher values for clearing and spreading.     

Rapid and accurate determination of d- and l-lactate,lactose and galactose by enzymatic reactions coupled to formation of a fluorochromophore: Applications in food quality control

A fluorometric-coupled reaction for the accurate and rapid determination d- and l-lactate and lactose, galactose in foods is presented. The method was found useful for an accurate determination of these metabolites in heterogeneous, opaque and colourful foods without pretreatments. Example for the determination of lactose, galactose, d- and l-lactate in milk, and yogurts and d- and l-lactate in milk, wine and beer is provided. Unexpectedly, we found that the composition of some commercial bio-yogurts produced in Israel is not consistent with the classical definition of yogurts. Thus, this method offers rapid and accurate methodology, which should be particularly valuable in food quality control.     

Chemistry,Technology, and Nutraceutical Functions of Cumin (cuminum cyminum L): An Overview

Cumin is a seed spice belonging to the family umbelliferae. Cumin and value added products from cumin are used in food flavoring and perfumery. Cumin contains volatile oil (3–4%), cuminaldehyde, the major active principle, which is present to an extent of 45–50%. Cumin and value added products from cumin, viz., cumin oil and oleoresin are exported. Cumin powder forms the main component of many spice mixes and curry powders. Cuminaldehyde is an important phytochemical and possesses many health benefits. Alcohol and water extract of cumin are reported to possess many nutraceutical properties like antiallergic, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and hypoglycemic. Cumin and value added products from cumin can be a good source of nutraceuticals with many biological activities. Incorporation of cumin into food products will have the benefits of a flavorant and nutraceutical at the same time. In the present review, the chemistry, processing, and biological activities of cumin and its components are discussed.     

Lipid analysis—a 20th century success?

Lipid analysis, providing an understanding of chemistry and structure, begins in Continental Europe during the 18th century. However, it necessarily takes until the mid 20th century before methodology develops sufficiently for the production of fast accurate and quantitative data. Up to 1922 analytical methodology relies on good observation and painstaking care, but only achieves bulk properties. Key early workers are Tachen and Scheele, followed by the great Chevreul, while Pelouze and Berthelot later added to his work. Thus by 1900 we had knowledge of the basic structure and composition of fat, enabling Lewkowitsch to publish manuals of data and simple analytical methodology in 1901 and 1922. Hilditch, in the UK from 1925 to 1952, much improved analytical methods and knowledge, leading to publication of the major work, The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats. In 1951 Martin and James published the key development of gas chromatography. It led to rapid advancement of knowledge in structure, chemistry and biochemistry of lipid. Parallel and future develoments in thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography complemented this. Other developments, in particular NMR and mass spectrometry, have created an exciting completion to the success of 20th century lipid analysis. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

赤霞珠葡萄生长发育过程中内源激素的变化及其与果实成熟的关系

为研究赤霞珠葡萄果实发育过程中不同组织(果皮、果肉和种子)内源激素的含量变化及其与果实成熟的关系,用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定果实发育过程中果皮、果肉以及种子中脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(indole acetic acid,IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin A_3,GA_3)、茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)的含量。结果发现,在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,葡萄果皮和果皮中ABA含量呈双S型变化,花后20 d左右,ABA含量较高,随着果实膨大开始下降,随后开始上升,至转色中期达到最大值,随着果实的成熟缓慢下降;果皮、果肉和种子中GA_3含量均是从果实膨大期开始上升,膨大后期下降,随后在转色初期又开始上升,随后下降;JA含量的变化与GA_3类似;果皮和果肉中IAA含量首先略微下降,在果实快速生长期迅速上升,并达到峰值,随着果实进入转色期,含量逐渐下降并保持稳定,果实膨大期之前,种子中IAA含量较高,随着果实膨大降低,并维持在较低水平,SA含量的变化与IAA类似。结论:ABA、GA_3、JA含量与赤霞珠果实成熟有关,IAA、GA_3、SA、JA含量与赤霞珠果实生长有关。     

Functionality of cow beef in coarse and fine ground model systems

Patties and sausage batters were made from trimmed brisket, chuck, striploin, hindshank, silverside, thick flank and rib trim from grass-fed Friesian cows. Functionality of each meat cut was determined from cook yield and true stress and strain of cooked sausage batters and cook yield, dimensional changes and peak force of cooked patties. Colour of raw and cooked slices from the meat cuts and cooked batters was evaluated using a colorimeter and a consumer panel. Composition of raw meat from all cuts was similar; chuck and rib trim had higher pH values and were more red than meat from other cuts. Cooked batters from striploin, chuck and hindshank had higher stress and strain values than gels from other cuts. Patties made from thick flank and striploin were the softest and had the highest cook yield. Batters and patties made from meat with higher salt soluble protein content retained more water and fat on cooking, were more cohesive and had higher bind strengths. Manufacturers can use functionality characteristics to select meat for specific products.     

Cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in lamb liver and kidney from six areas in Iceland and to compare the results against aerial deposition data for the same elements obtained using moss as an indicator organism. The total number of samples was 96 for each organ. Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, mercury by coldvapour atomic absorption, and iron, copper, manganese and zinc by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Analysis of variance determined significance differences among means for areas, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to study correlation among trace elements in liver and kidney. The mean fresh weight concentrations in lamb liver and kidney respectively were 0.045 and 0.058mg kg -1 for cadmium, 0.009 and 0.012mgkg -1 for mercury, 141 and 52.7mgkg -1 for iron, 28.1 and 2.89mgkg -1 for copper, 4.01 and 1.13mgkg -1 for manganese and 48.7 and 25.2mgkg -1 for zinc. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury and copper in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb were low compared with data from other countries. Iron concentrations in the organs, however, were high. No sample exceeded 46% of the proposed maximum level for cadmium in organs for human consumption in the EC. Cadmium, mercury, iron and copper in the liver and kidney differed significantly between areas. Deposition of cadmium and copper in moss was not a useful indicator in the evaluation of the susceptibility of the Icelandic lamb to accumulation of cadmium and cop per. However, iron levels in Icelandic lamb liver showed the same pattern as results for iron from the moss study. The cadmium and mercury levels of organs from lambs grazing in the vicinity of Mount Hekla a few months after its eruption did not indicate a significant contamination from volcanic activity.     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.