含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区组织转变特征研究

采用Gleeble-3800焊接热模拟机模拟研究了含铜时效钢焊接粗晶区的组织转变规律,测定了SHCCT 曲线,分析研究了冷却速度对其组织形貌、晶粒度和硬度的影响规律.结果表明,冷却速度较快时(t8/5＜15 s),含铜钢的焊接粗晶区组织以板条贝氏体为主,晶粒尺寸相对较小,硬度较高;冷却速度较慢时(t8/5＞40 s),焊接粗晶区的组织主要由粒状贝氏体构成,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸粗大,同时在铁素体基体上分布着较多大尺寸的M-A岛,M-A岛的形成导致焊接粗晶区的低温韧性严重恶化.     

含铜时效钢模拟焊接热影响区的组织与性能

对含铜时效钢焊接热影响区粗晶区进行了焊接CCT图的测定及一次和二次模拟焊接热循环试验.结果表明,依据焊接CCT图可以大致确定实际冷却时间t8/5最佳范围为7～35s.一次热循环试验表明,热连轧的含铜钢焊接热输入范围较窄,在较大热输入条件下,焊接热影响区粗晶区出现脆化,脆化的原因是t8/5较大时生成了大量的粒状贝氏体.t8/5大于7s后,粗晶区开始出现软化.软化的原因是ε-Cu粒子的回溶、贝氏体板条宽化和铁素体数量增加共同作用的结果.二次热循环峰值温度Tp处于两相区时,发生显著脆化,脆化的原因是焊接冷却过程中形成了尺寸较粗大的粒状贝氏体及在原奥氏体晶界处形成了珠光体组织.     

440MPa级含铌船体钢焊接粗晶区组织与性能

焊接热模拟试验表明,t8/5≤40 s时,低碳高铌钢焊接粗晶区奥氏体晶粒尺寸低于高碳低铌钢,低温冲击韧性高于高碳低铌钢.焊接粗晶区的组织主要以粒状贝氏体为主,当t8/5≤40 s时,粒状贝氏体主要以长条状存在;当t8/5>40 s时,粒状贝氏体则主要呈现块状,低碳高铌钢中粒状贝氏体的数量和尺寸远低于高碳低铌钢.Thermo-Calc计算析出平衡曲线表明,高碳低铌钢中第二相粒子的析出主要在1 200℃以上,平均尺寸大于120 nm.低碳高铌钢中第二相粒子的析出粒子主要分布在1 200℃以下,平均尺寸小于50 nm.低碳高铌钢中细小的第二相析出物有效阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大,显著改善了焊接粗晶区的低温韧性.     

冷却时间对X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织及性能的影响

利用Gleeble热模拟试验机模拟研究了X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织在不同冷却速度下的变化规律,研究了冷却时间、组织和性能之间的关系。结果表明,X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织主要由板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组成。随冷却时间t8/5时间增加,板条贝氏体含量逐渐减少,由细长状转变成粗大片状、并趋于平行;粒状贝氏体含量逐渐增加,其间的马氏体M/奥氏体A组元数量增加,间距缩短,面积增大。随冷却时间t8/5时间增加,焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性先增加后减小;当t8/5=7 s时,X80钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织为少量的粒状贝氏体,且弥散分布于大量板条贝氏体之间,细化板条贝氏体,增加有效晶界,起到细化和强化作用,冲击断口分布着大量的细小韧窝,为明显的韧性断裂。     

金属的焊接性

20091039440MPa级含铌船体钢焊接粗晶区组织与性能/杨银辉…//焊接学报.-2008,29(8):80~84焊接热模拟试验表明,t8/5≤40s时,低碳高铌钢焊接粗晶区奥氏体晶粒尺寸低于高碳低铌钢,低温冲击韧性高于高碳低铌钢。焊接粗晶区的组织主要以粒状贝氏体为主,当t8/5≤40s时,粒状贝氏体主要以长条状存在;当t8/5>40s时,粒状贝氏体则主要呈现块状,低碳高铌钢中粒状贝氏体的数量和尺寸远低于高碳低铌钢。Thermo-Calc计算析出平衡曲线表明,高碳低铌钢中第二相粒子的析出主要在1200℃以上,平均尺寸大于120nm。低碳高铌钢中第二相粒子的析出粒子主要分布在1200℃以下,平均尺寸小于50nm。低碳高铌钢中细小的第二相析出物有效阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大,显著改善了焊接粗晶区的低温韧性。图8表2参10200910409Cr-1Mo多层熔敷金属的显微组织/王红鸿…//电焊机.-2008,38(7):16~19通过光学、扫描及透射电子显微分析等方法,对9Cr-1Mo多层多道焊熔敷金属焊态下冲击试样缺口处的显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:直接凝固形成的粗大的柱状晶和残余δ铁素体,是影响冲击韧性的因素;经...     

微钙钢焊后显微组织中的粒状贝氏体对韧性的影响

研究了焊接热模拟工艺参数t8/5对微钙钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)显微组织和冲击韧度的影响.利用Lepera试剂腐蚀法,采用光学金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析了不同t8/5条件下粒状贝氏体中MA组元的形态及分布特征.研究结果表明当冷却速度较快时,M-A组元主要以长条状、呈方向性分布;当冷却速度降低时,M-A组元逐渐变成颗粒状,并失去方向性;当t8/5＝40 s时,韧性较好.     

含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能

研究了含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能。结果表明，在试验所用热输入范围内（1．2～2．3kJ／mm），含铜时效钢具有良好的焊接性能。焊接接头的拉伸强度同母材相比没有明显差异，且HAZ拉伸强度对热输入变化不敏感；焊接热影响区具有较高的冲击韧性，熔合线是HAZ中韧性最差的部位；和传统调质型船体用钢相比，含铜时效钢HAZ硬化和软化现象不明显；热输入对含铜时效钢粗晶区组织影响显著，随着热输入的增大，粗晶区组织由细板条贝氏体向粗大的粒状贝氏体转变。     

冷却速度对X80管线钢焊接热影响区组织性能的影响

利用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机,建立了X80管线钢焊接热影响区的连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT曲线),采用金相分析、显微硬度测试和夏比冲击试验,分析了X80管线钢焊接粗晶区在不同冷却速度下的组织转变和性能变化规律.结果表明:当冷却速度低于0.3℃/s时,粗晶区组织为多边形铁素体和少量珠光体或粒状贝氏体的混合物,具有较好的冲击性能,但硬度较低;当冷却速度为0.3～2℃/s时,粗晶区中的粒状贝氏体和MA岛状组织增多,且晶界模糊,其冲击性能较差;当冷却速度在2～30℃/s时,热影响区组织以粒状贝氏体为主,MA岛状组织的形状和分布均匀,具有优良的冲击性能;当冷却速度大于30℃/s时,随着冷却速度的增加,粒状贝氏体的含量逐渐减小,而贝氏体铁素体的含量逐渐增多,硬度升高,冲击性能下降.     

V - N钢焊接粗晶区的组织和韧性研究

在不同焊接工艺下对V钢、V—N钢和V—Ti—N钢三种钢的焊接粗晶热影响区的组织和韧性进行了研究。利用Gleeble3500模拟粗晶区的焊接过程，将锻后试样重新加热到峰值温度1350℃后给以不同的热输入量并以相应的t8/5冷却速度进行冷却。结果表明热输入量高时容易得到粒状贝氏体和晶界上的侧板条铁素体组织。随着热输入的降低会出现大量的多边形铁素体和晶界铁素体，并且明显长大。对于含氮量较高的V—N钢来说，容易形成马氏体-奥氏体岛，这种组织降低了粗晶区的韧性。在高氮的情况下添加另一种微合金化元素Ti，钛可以提高HAZ的相变温度，使铁素体和贝氏体连续冷却转变曲线的鼻点左移，细化奥氏体晶粒，促进铁素体和贝氏体的形核，改善粗晶区的韧性。     

金属的焊接性

20091039440MPa级含铌船体钢焊接粗晶区组织与性能/杨银辉…//焊接学报.-2008,29(8):80~84焊接热模拟试验表明,t8/5≤40s时,低碳高铌钢焊接粗晶区奥氏体晶粒尺寸低于高碳低铌钢,低温冲击韧性高于高碳低铌钢。焊接粗晶区的组织主要以粒状贝氏体为主,当t8/5≤40s时,粒状贝氏体主要以长条状存在;当t8/5>40s时,粒状贝氏体则主要呈现块状,低碳高铌钢中粒状贝氏体的数量和尺寸远低于高碳低铌钢。Thermo-Calc计算析出平衡曲线表明,高碳低铌钢中第二相粒子的析出主要在1200℃以上,平均尺寸大于120nm。低碳高铌钢中第二相粒子的析出粒子主要分布在1200℃以下,平均尺寸小于50nm。低碳高铌钢中细小的第二相析出物有效阻碍了奥氏体晶粒长大,显著改善了焊接粗晶区的低温韧性。图8表2参10200910409Cr-1Mo多层熔敷金属的显微组织/王红鸿…//电焊机.-2008,38(7):16~19通过光学、扫描及透射电子显微分析等方法,对9Cr-1Mo多层多道焊熔敷金属焊态下冲击试样缺口处的显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:直接凝固形成的粗大的柱状晶和残余δ铁素体,是影响冲击韧性的因素;经...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.