国内首台白光激光雷达研制成功

由中科院武汉物理与数学研究所研制的我国首台“白光激光雷达装置”通过验收。据悉,白光激光雷达装置打开了一条遥感探测大气的新途径。 白光激光雷达是激光雷达的一个重要新兴领域,它利用高功率飞秒激光在大气传输中产生的超连续光谱辐射效应实现对大气介质宽光谱范围的空间分辨遥感探测。     

白光激光的产生及特性

通过对激光作用于透明介质原理分析得知,飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中传输会发生许多的非线性效应,使激光脉冲频谱产生极大的展宽,而形成白光辐射.探讨了白光辐射的光谱特性与锥角辐射现象,对上述分析与探讨进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,当激光功率达到一定值时.通过石英玻璃等固体透明介质后,可在接收屏上出现明显的白光光斑,其白光光谱覆...     

飞秒激光成丝在火焰中诱导的荧光辐射及应用

飞秒激光脉冲在传输过程中, 克尔自聚焦和等离子体散焦相互作用形成了长距离的自导光通道, 该过程称为飞秒激光成丝。飞秒激光成丝在火焰中诱导的荧光辐射为燃烧诊断提供了新的可能性, 为理解燃烧过程、提高燃烧效率和减少污染物的产生提供了有用的信息。针对飞秒激光成丝诱导的荧光辐射在燃烧诊断中的应用, 介绍了飞秒激光在火焰中的传输特性以及成丝动力学过程, 陈述了飞秒激光成丝诱导非线性光谱的机理及其在高温燃烧场诊断应用中的研究现状和进展, 探讨了当前飞秒激光成丝在该领域所面临的挑战和应用前景。     

面向遥感应用的飞秒激光脉冲超长距离传输的研究进展

强飞秒激光在空气中传输时,其传输距离会远远超越衍射极限,产生高强度光丝和低密度等离子体,并伴随超连续白光的辐射,这为远距离遥感探测大气污染物提供了一种有效的技术途径。面向天基遥感应用,概述了强飞秒激光长距离传输的研究进展,包括光丝传输的基本研究方法、产生长距离光丝的方法、调控光丝特性的手段以及飞秒激光光丝超长距离的传输,并对光丝在大气遥感应用中的优越特性和需要解决的基础科学问题进行了总结。     

飞秒激光成丝过程中的太赫兹波超光速传输现象研究

通过使用太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)时域光谱系统,探测从不同长度飞秒激光光丝辐射出的THz脉冲,观察到THz波在飞秒激光成丝过程中超光速传输的实验现象。进一步的分析表明:THz波在等离子体光丝区域的折射率小于其在空气中的折射率,这是使得THz波能够在成丝过程中超光速传输的主要原因。由此可以推测:THz脉冲极有可能是在等离子体光丝中进行导引传输的。最后,通过数值模拟获得了光丝区域内的THz本征模式,从而验证了上述推测。     

基于飞秒激光成丝的超连续光谱产生与调控研究进展

超快激光在透明介质传输中会导致长程无衍射传输的成丝现象。伴随着丰富的非线性光学效应,激光脉冲光谱会被极大展宽,覆盖从微波到紫外的超宽范围,被称为超连续谱。飞秒光丝辐射超连续谱具有宽光谱、高方向性和可调谐等优势,在吸收光谱检测、远程气体检测、脉冲压缩和少周期脉冲形成等领域中具有重要应用,近年来被广泛关注,并取得一系列研究成果。基于此,围绕飞秒光丝辐射超连续光谱,从物理机制到调控方法,系统梳理了该领域的研究历程及最新进展。     

飞秒强激光的拉曼延迟克尔非线性效应研究

飞秒强脉冲激光具有高功率、窄脉宽和宽光谱等特点,其在大气传输过程中涉及很多线性和非线性的物理机制,高阶效应对传输将产生一系列重要的影响.采用数值方法求解包含拉曼延迟响应的非线性传输方程,研究了与拉曼延迟响应时间相当的、具有几十飞秒脉宽的飞秒强激光大气传输中拉曼延迟克尔非线性效应引起的非线性折射率变化、自聚焦和光谱展宽特...     

不同能量背景的环形艾里飞秒激光光束大气成丝特性

自从第一次观察到飞秒激光大气成丝后,光丝备受科学家的关注。它的潜在应用价值主要包括电子加速、激光雷达远程遥感、太赫兹辐射和超短脉冲压缩。利用数值仿真的方法,通过改变艾里光束的衰减系数,研究了不同能量背景的环形艾里光束飞秒激光大气成丝特性,得到的光丝长度长于拥有相同峰值功率、弱能量背景高斯光束形成的光丝。通过分析飞秒激光光丝演化过程的时间和空间特性,发现了环形能量背景是环形艾里光束沿传播方向形成高能量密度光丝的前提条件。比较了环形艾里光束和高丝光束在成丝过程中的光谱展宽特性,发现不同衰减系数的环形艾里光束具有相似的光谱展宽特性,但要明显弱于高斯光束的光谱展宽。研究成果对与提升飞秒激光成丝效果具有参考意义。     

专题前言

<正>以差分吸收激光雷达、拉曼激光雷达等为代表的大气污染光学探测技术虽然具有实时、远程的优势，但在多组分监测，特别是在测量气溶胶、金属等大气污染物化学成分和浓度等方面具有局限性。而飞秒光丝激光雷达是一种可远程、快速探测多组分大气污染物的技术。当高功率飞秒激光在大气中传输时，能量不会发散，而是形成一个高光强激光通道，这个通道被称为“光丝”，这一过程则被称为“成丝现象”。光丝内的激光强度足以诱导电离、多光子荧光、受激拉曼散射、四波混频等各种非线性光学效应，激发出具有物质特征的光谱信号，从而为多组分大气污染物监测提供数据。     

飞秒激光脉冲在混合气体介质中传输特性研究

围绕飞秒激光脉冲在混合气体介质中的成丝特性展开理论研究。通过数值求解非线性薛定谔传输方程,对比了不同气体介质中所形成光丝特征。研究结果表明,通过在氮气介质中掺入少量的惰性气体,可以实现对光丝内部光强、等离子体密度以及光强的时域演化特征进行调控。这一方法相比于传统方案,即通过调控入射激光脉冲参数或聚焦条件从而调控光丝特性,克服了对泵浦脉冲性能指标参数以及实验光路的依赖。该方法有望在飞秒激光诱导的非线性光谱研究领域得到更为广泛地应用。     

Tunable ultraviolet generation using a femtosecond 250 kHzTi:sapphire regenerative amplifier

A mode-locked Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system pumped with a single argon ion laser produces μJ energy femtosecond pulses of 800 nn wavelength at up to 300 kHz repetition rate. This output is used to generate tunable femtosecond pulses in the ultraviolet to as short as 240 mn by using a combination of harmonic generation, white-light continuum generation and parametric amplification. A variety of techniques to access different parts of the UV spectrum are presented     

不同激光脉冲作用下ZnS晶体非线性光学特性

用Z-scan技术在532 nm的皮秒激光脉冲和800 nm飞秒激光脉冲作用下分别研究了ZnS晶体的非线性吸收及非线性折射特性。实验结果表明,ZnS晶体在532 nm的皮秒激光脉冲作用下非线性吸收为双光子吸收,其非线性吸收系数为5.310-11 m/W,在800 nm的飞秒激光脉冲作用下非线性吸收为三光子吸收,非线性吸收系数为0.5910-21 m2/W2;在532 nm皮秒激光脉冲作用下,ZnS晶体的非线性折射率符号为负,自由载流子产生的非线性折射率的改变占主导,而800 nm飞秒激光脉冲作用下,ZnS晶体的非线性折射率符号为正,束缚电子产生的非线性折射率的改变为主要因素。     

Self-focusing during femtosecond micromachining of silicate glasses

Many recent investigations of micromachining with lasers, in vacuum and in ambient air environments, have demonstrated the improvements possible when using femtosecond-duration laser pulses compared with long laser pulses. There are obvious practical advantages for rapid micromachining in ambient air conditions. However, the maximum laser intensity and repetition rate are then eventually limited by the avalanche breakdown and nonlinear effects in the air through which the focused laser beam must propagate both outside the work piece and within the structure that is being machined. This paper investigates these limits in femtosecond deep hole drilling at high laser intensities in silicate glasses. In particular, it shows how nonlinear optical effects, particularly self-focusing, can dramatically affect hole shape and the rate of penetration during deep hole drilling. The experiments described here demonstrate how nonlinear Kerr focusing of femtosecond laser pulses occurs during propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses through the atmosphere within the machined channel at powers levels significantly below the critical power for self-focusing in ambient air.     

硝基苯超快非线性折射效应及机理研究

利用Z扫描测量技术研究了飞秒和皮秒激光脉冲激发下液体硝基苯的三阶非线性折射率n2。Z扫描实验的结果表明:液体硝基苯在20 ps、532 nm波长激发下的非线性折射率n2是300 fs,800 nm波长激发下的n2值的11倍。利用带相位物体的飞秒泵浦探测方法研究了液体硝基苯的非线性折射动力学机理。基于泵浦探测实验结果确定了液体硝基苯在超快激光激发后的非线性折射响应函数。测量结果可为基于硝基苯液体的集成光子学器件设计和溶液非线性测量提供有益参考     

Femtosecond laser-tissue interactions: Retinal injury studies

We report the first study of laser-tissue interaction in the femtosecond time regime. Retinal damage thresholds and mechanisms produced by exposure to high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses were investigated in chinchilla grey rabbits. Exposures were performed using single laser pulses of 80 fs duration at 625 nm. ED50injury thresholds of 0.75 and 4.5 μJ were measured using fluorescein angiographic and ophthalmoscopic visibility criteria evaluating 204 laser exposures. Ultrastructural studies including light and electron microscopy were performed on selected lesions. Results suggest that the primary energy deposition in the retina occurs in melanin, However, in contrast to laser injuries produced by longer pulses, exposures of more than 100 × threshold in the50-100 muJ range did not produce significantly more severe lesions or hemorrhage. This suggests the presence of a nonlinear damage limiting mechanics in tissue exposed to femtosecond laser pulses.     

Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre

Optimised compression of femtosecond fibre laser pulses in highly nonlinear fibre is demonstrated. Specifically reported are compressed pulse durations below 30 fs using a simple setup where a single sub-10 cm segment of highly nonlinear fibre is directly spliced to the output pigtail of a commercial femtosecond fibre laser. The compressed pulse quality is confirmed through frequency resolved optical gating measurements.     

Generation and kilohertz rate amplification of synchronizedfemtosecond and picosecond laser pulses

Synchronized femtosecond and tunable picosecond laser pulses have been generated using a linear cavity configuration in both lasers. The long-term stability of the synchronization, as well as the frequency of the synchronously pumped femtosecond dye laser, is assured by active stabilization of the cavity length. Additionally, the picosecond and femtosecond pulses have been amplified in dual amplifier chains to pulse energies in the microjoule range at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The total peak intensity available for two-photon, nonlinear excitations is on the order of 10⁹ times greater than that available from unamplified beams     

Two-photon absorption and stimulated emission in poly-crystalline Zinc Selenide with femtosecond laser excitation

The optical nonlinearity in polycrystalline zinc selenide(ZnSe),excited with 775 nm,1 kHz femtosecond laser pulses was investigated via the nonlinear transmission with material thickness and the Z scan technique.The measured two photon absorption coefficientβwas intensity dependent,inferring that reverse saturated absorption(RSA)is also relevant dur-ing high intensity excitation in ZnSe.At low peak intensity I<5 GW cm^-2,we findβ=3.5 cm GW^-1 at 775 nm.The spec-tral properties of the broad blueish two-photon induced fluorescence(460 nm-500 nm)was studied,displaying self-ab-sorption near the band edge while the upper state lifetime was measured to be τ_e~3.3 ns.Stimulated emission was ob-served when pumping a 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline ZnSe sample within an optical cavity,confirmed by significant line narrowing fromΔλ=11 nm(cavity blocked)toΔλ=2.8 nm at peak wavelength λ_p=475 nm while the upper state life-time also decreased.These results suggest that with more optimum pumping conditions and crystal cooling,polycrystal-line ZnSe might reach lasing threshold via two-photon pumping atλ=775 nm.     

高能量低重复频率超短激光脉冲的测量

利用非线性晶体 (BBO)的非共线匹配倍频效应 ,研制了实时测量高能量低重复频率超短激光脉冲宽度的单脉冲自相关仪 ,并对飞秒 (fs)参量放大器的输出脉冲宽度进行了测量 ,测得了 10 3fs的超短激光脉冲宽度。     

利用飞秒激光和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石

分别利用脉宽在40 fs 和5 ns 的飞秒及纳秒激光脉冲加工了钎焊在不锈钢底板上的金刚石阵列.通过测量加工区域面积和入射激光功率的关系推断出了飞秒和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石材料的阈值.实验结果表明,相比于纳秒激光加工,利用飞秒激光加工金刚石的阈值更低.也利用显微镜比较了利用不同种类光源加工金刚石后加工区域的形貌.研究结果证明了利用飞秒激光加工金刚石相比于纳秒激光更为有效.