木醋液的精制方法及其在农林生产上的应用

木醋液的性能越来越受到人们的重视,逐渐成为人们研究的热点.文章概述了木醋液精制方法的种类、原理和现状,并对其在农林生产上的应用作了详细的介绍,对木醋液的研究提出了相应的见解.     

1341材料在循环水泵上的应用

对热电厂发电机的三台循环水泵的运行状况进行了分析,并用BELZONA1341材料对水泵叶轮的表面进行了处理,减少了叶轮表面与水流的阻力和涡流的产生,降低了电机的有功电流,节约了电能,并且延长设备的寿命,效果十分明显.     

太阳能LED杀虫灯的研究

太阳能光伏和LED照明技术是最有前景的无公害灭虫技术之一.为了开发低成本的无公害灭虫技术,设计了一种太阳能光伏LED杀虫灯系统.通过试验研究,取得了一定的效果.文章简述了害虫的趋光性、LED灯的光学特性和基于LED的杀虫技术.     

推开属于自己的那道门

<正>连日来的严重雾霾使我们又成为了关注的焦点。每个人都希望拥有蔚蓝的天空、清新的空气……尽管国家和各地都做出了很大的努力,但现实却事与愿违,没有回报我们期待的结果。良好的环境成为了我们不停追逐、但依然遥不可及的目标。蓝天、白云、洁净的空气,我们何时才能拥有?卡夫卡的《法律之门》中的主人公与我们的近况颇为相像。一个人非常     

节能是我们的业务斯派莎克——蒸汽和流体控制领域的世界领导者

蒸汽是现代工业的血液.每年,不论是在食品饮料行业、制药、化工、电子、纸浆和造纸行业,这些都需要用到蒸汽.世界各地的消费者都受益于蒸汽,因为许多吃的、喝的、穿的、用的东西是用洁净的、无色、无味、无毒的蒸汽生产的.     

SDBF规模化经营障碍及相应对策

通过河南省试点情况,探讨了目前影响SDBF在农村规模化经营的障碍(主要包括资金、管理、政策、信息传播等方面的障碍),提出了相应的对策,认为推广此项技术主要应从以下方面着手,一是根据当地的实际情况制定出合理的经营模式;二是政府相关职能部门应制定相应的规章制度并营造积极的政策环境.文章着重探讨了以上几个方面的内容,为SDBF技术的在我国的进一步发展提供了一些可借鉴的资料,具有一定的理论意义和实际意义.     

绿色能源——氢能

常规能源的有限性和环境污染性两大弱点已经对人类社会可持续发展产生了巨大的威胁,从根本上解决这一问题的方法就是新能源的开发利用.氢能源具有清洁、数量大的特点,同时,氢的化学能利用技术简单,是未来很有希望替代常规能源的新能源.本文介绍了氢能源利用的基本方法和目前状况,论述了氢能源的环保性和充足性,指出氢能源利用技术开发对社会可持续发展的重要意义.     

北方农村"四位一体"模式调查研究

"四位一体"模式的推广运用促进了农村社会、经济的发展和能源、生态环境状况的改善.通过对北方典型农村的调查,发现"四位一体"的迅速推广在创造为人熟知的效益同时,仍然存在制约该模式持续健康发展的诸多问题,主要表现在:沼气池配套服务技术缺乏,农户自身管理水平落后,农(畜)产品的生产、销售,居住模式和猪舍卫生,劳动力的竞争以及土地资源、投资、信贷、基础设施等方面问题.文章并就存在的问题提出了适当的对策.     

当代生态建材与绿色建筑

介绍了当代生态建材与绿色建筑的关系,建材工业在国民经济中处于重要的基础产业,当今的建材又是天然资源消耗最多,对大气污染最为严重的行业之一.随着全球范围的经济加速,大量高层的不断涌现,可持续发展成为世界上许多国家的发展战略,专家们提出"绿色建筑"的概念.因此,对生态建材与绿色建筑进行阐述.     

优化提升管剂油接触状态,达到最佳效果

只有提升管反应器系统各部位协调运行,保证催化裂化装置提升管反应器从进料段到旋流头(VQS)出口4秒的时间内,催化剂与原料以理想的状态进行接触,才能实现我们都希望的装置有高的总液体收率,液化气中含有高的烯烃,产品汽油有高的辛烷值和低的烯烃含量等为企业多创造市场承认的高价值产品.     

Economie d'énergie en trigénération

Trigeneration is defined as the production of three useful forms of energy—heat, cold and power—from a primary source of energy such as natural gas or oil. For instance, trigeneration systems typically produce electrical power via a reciprocating engine or gas turbine and recover a large percentage of the heat energy retained in the lubricating oil, exhaust gas and coolant water systems to maximize the utilization of the primary fuel. The heat produced can be totally or partially used to fuel absorption refrigerators. Therefore, trigeneration systems enjoy an inherently high efficiency and have the potential to significantly reduce the energy-related operation costs of facilities. In this paper, we describe a model of characterization of trigeneration systems trough the condition of primary energy saving and the quality index, compared to the separate production of heat, cold and power. The study highlights the importance of the choice of the separate production reference system on the level of primary energy saving and emissions reduction.     

Trace metal chemistry and silicification of microorganisms in geothermal sinter, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied.     

我国车用柴油机的技术现状及发展趋势

本文根据国内外信息和资料，分析了我国目前车用柴油机制造技术方面与国际水平所存在的差距，预测今后若千年内车用柴油机要向节能降耗、应用增压技术、提高可靠性、降低排放、采用电控技术方面发展，以尽快接近和赶上国际先进水平．     

Wood feedstock qualities for energy conversion and the potential for their biological improvement

The accomplishments of the Wood Feedstock Quality activity of Task V of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement are described. Areas investigated included energy products and co-products from woody biomass; effects of harvesting, processing and storage on feedstock quality; the effect of feedstock quality on the efficiency of biomass conversion; the potential for biological improvement; the need for standardization of feedstock qualities; and the need for clonal characterization.     

尿素喷射计量试验控制系统的硬件开发与测试

尿素喷射计量试验是完成车载尿素喷射计量装置的功能开发和性能考核的重要环节,而该试验内容离不开尿素喷射计量试验控制系统(UCDS)的开发,本文基于尿素喷射计量系统(UDS)的组成,开发出了试验所需的控制系统的硬件平台,用模块化的设计思想对UDCS控制器进行了方案设计,测试结果与设计目标一致,达到了尿素喷射计量试验的要求.     

Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products

In this study some literature data on the pyrolysis characteristics of biomass under inert atmosphere were structured and analyzed, constituting a guide to the conversion behavior of a fuel particle within the temperature range of 200-1000 °C. Data is presented for both pyrolytic product distribution (yields of char, total liquids, water, total gas and individual gas species) and properties (elemental composition and heating value) showing clear dependencies on peak temperature. Empirical relationships are derived from the collected data, over a wide range of pyrolysis conditions and considering a variety of fuels, including relations between the yields of gas-phase volatiles and thermochemical properties of char, tar and gas. An empirical model for the stoichiometry of biomass pyrolysis is presented, where empirical parameters are introduced to close the conservation equations describing the process. The composition of pyrolytic volatiles is described by means of a relevant number of species: H₂O, tar, CO₂, CO, H₂, CH₄ and other light hydrocarbons. The model is here primarily used as a tool in the analysis of the general trends of biomass pyrolysis, enabling also to verify the consistency of the collected data. Comparison of model results with the literature data shows that the information on product properties is well correlated with the one on product distribution. The prediction capability of the model is briefly addressed, with the results showing that the yields of volatiles released from a specific biomass are predicted with a reasonable accuracy. Particle models of the type presented in this study can be useful as a submodel in comprehensive reactor models simulating pyrolysis, gasification or combustion processes.     

A comparison of PV/electrolyser and photoelectrolytic technologies for use in solar to hydrogen energy storage systems

The approach of using hydrogen for an energy store to offset seasonal variations in solar energy is one very much at the periphery of current renewable energy system design. Nonetheless, its inherent advantages for long term storage in stand alone power systems warrant further detailed investigation. This paper provides a comparative overview of the very disparate technologies within two generic approaches to achieving this goal. These are: photovoltaic (PV) powered electrolysis of water and direct photoelectrolytic (PE) generation of hydrogen from water. Comparison of these is difficult, however, the paper compares devices of similar material system and structure within each generic scheme. PV/electrolysis is the more mature technology but there is still a wide range of potential ‘solar to hydrogen’ efficiencies. A figure of about 9% is estimated for comparison, with justification given. The comparative figure for PE is more difficult to judge because of even more disparate approaches to specific problems of sufficient photovoltage and stability, but an approximate comparative figure of 5% is estimated. Thus making PV/electrolysis more appropriate at present. Nonetheless, inherent advantages of simplicity of system design and potential robustness mean that PE may become more appropriate as the technology develops.     

Economic viability assessment of sustainable hydrogen production,storage, and utilisation technologies integrated into on- and off-grid micro-grids: A performance comparison of different meta-heuristics

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development of zero-emissions, sustainable energy systems utilising the potential of hydrogen energy technologies. However, the improper long-term economic assessment of costs and consequences of such hydrogen-based renewable energy systems has hindered the transition to the so-called hydrogen economy in many cases. One of the main reasons for this is the inefficiency of the optimization techniques employed to estimate the whole-life costs of such systems. Owing to the highly nonlinear and non-convex nature of the life-cycle cost optimization problems of sustainable energy systems using hydrogen as an energy carrier, meta-heuristic optimization techniques must be utilised to solve them. To this end, using a specifically developed artificial intelligence-based micro-grid capacity planning method, this paper examines the performances of twenty meta-heuristics in solving the optimal design problems of three conceptualised hydrogen-based micro-grids, as test-case systems. Accordingly, the obtained numeric simulation results using MATLAB indicate that some of the newly introduced meta-heuristics can play a key role in facilitating the successful, cost-effective development and implementation of hydrogen supply chain models. Notably, the moth-flame optimization algorithm is found capable of reducing the life-cycle costs of micro-grids by up to 6.5% as compared to the dragonfly algorithm.     

General regularities of thermal decomposition of transition metal dihydrides in a medium with low hydrogen partial pressure

The results of the calorimetric studies of thermal dissociation of titanium, zirconium, magnesium, and palladium hydrides performed in recent years are presented. The multiplet character of thermal dissociation characteristic of all these hydrides is shown. A good correlation between the course of differential scanning calorimetry curves and the results of thermogravimetry has been demonstrated.The discrete nature of the decomposition processes is established. A sequence of mechanisms occurring during the heating of transition metal dihydrides in a medium with a low partial pressure of hydrogen has been proposed: rearrangement in the hydride phase; destruction of metal - hydrogen bonds to form a solid solution supersaturated with hydrogen; diffusion of hydrogen to the interface of solid phase - environment; molization of hydrogen at the exit from the solid phase.     

静电除尘器和湿法烟气脱硫装置对烟气汞形态的影响与控制

利用安大略标准方法和在线汞监测技术对6套典型燃煤电站锅炉静电除尘器(ESP)和湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)装置前后烟气汞的浓度及形态进行了测试,并研究了2种装置对烟气汞形态转化的影响及其汞控制能力.结果表明:ESP对飞灰的捕获直接降低了烟气中颗粒汞的比例,从已测试的典型燃煤锅炉来看,ESP前的燃煤烟气中颗粒汞的平均比例在30%左右,经ESP后颗粒汞所占比例降至5%左右;经WFGD装置洗涤后,烟气中汞的形态发生了较大的改变,二价汞基本被捕获,进入WFGD装置的烟气中二价汞的比例越高,WFGD装置对烟气汞的脱除效率也越高.配置有选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝装置+ESP+WFGD尾部烟气处理装置的燃煤电厂,能够很好地控制燃煤烟气汞的排放.