间歇精馏分离2，4—和2，6—二甲基硝基苯

在内径20毫米，高1200毫米的填料精馏柱内，采用间歇精馏的方法对间二甲苯的硝化产物进行了分离实验，实验中考察了回流比和柱顶温度对馏出物组成的影响，实验结果表明，当柱顶压强为0．002兆帕时，采用回流比7－9，可以分别从柱顶和釜内得到含量大于98％的2，6－和2，4－二甲基硝基苯。     

SW型网孔波纹填料分离2,4—和2,6—二甲基硝基苯

在装填有ＳＷ型网孔波纹填料的精馏塔内，对间二甲苯的硝化产物进行了精馏分离实验。实验中研究了塔内蒸汽负荷和回流比对收率和压降的影响。实验结果表明，当回流比Ｒ＝９时，２，６－二甲基硝基苯的收率约６０％，每米填料层压降只有５ｍｍＨｇ，能够满足精馏分离混合二甲基硝基苯的要求。     

SW型网孔波纹填料分离2，4－和2，6－二甲基硝基苯

在装填有ＳＷ型网孔波纹填料的精馏塔内，对间二甲苯的硝化产物进行了精馏分离实验。实验中研究了塔内蒸汽负荷和回流比对收率和压降的影响。实验结果表明，当回流比Ｒ＝９时，２，６－二甲基硝基苯的收率约６０％，每米填料层压降只有５ｍｍＨｇ，能够满足精馏分离混合二甲基硝基苯的要求。     

2，3－二甲基苯胺和2，6－二甲基苯胺的精馏分离

采用精密精馏的方法对２，３－二甲基苯胺和２，６－二甲基苯胺的混合物进行了分离研究。根据研究结果对两组份的相对挥发度进行了验证，并对工业分离进行了初步计算。     

2，5－二甲基－2，4－己二烯的合成

本文以２，５－二甲基－２，５－己二醇为原料，分别用三氧化二铝、三氧化二铬和磷酸催化脱水合成２，５－二甲基－２，４－己二烯，同时用三氧化工铬作催化剂对醇脱水生成的混合二烯烃进行了异构化。     

2，5－二甲基苯胺的合成

以对二甲苯、硝酸和硫酸为起始原料，最终合成２，５－二甲基苯胺。确定了适宜的工艺条件。     

2，3－二氢－2，2－二甲基－7－苯并呋喃酚的合成

２，３－二氢－２，２－二甲基－７－苯并呋喃酚是合成杀虫剂卡巴呋喃及其低毒化品种的关键中间体。综述了其合成方法，并作了评价。     

1，3－二甲基－2－咪唑啉酮的合成

综述了文献中１，３－二甲基－２－咪唑啉酮的工业合成的各种方法。     

1，3－二甲基－2－咪唑啉酮的合成和应用

简要介绍１，３－二甲基－２－咪唑啉酮的合成及其在有机、高分子合成中的应用。     

1，3－二氯－2－丁烯氯化产物的气相色谱分析

用气相色谱法测定１，３－二氯－２－丁烯的氯化产物，采用３０１釉化担体：阿皮松Ｌ：聚乙二醇－２０Ｍ－２－硝基对苯二甲酸＝１００：１０：０．８（质量比）的固定相填充柱分离了氯化产物中１６个组分。用色谱－质谱联用法鉴定这些组分为２，３，４－三氯－１－丁烯、２－甲基－３，３，３－三氯－１－丙烯、１，２，３，３－四氯丁烷、１，２，３，３，４－五氯丁烷等。用面积归一化法计算出了氯化产物中各组分含量。     

应用γ射线扫描技术检测MTO装置分馏塔的运行故障

在甲醇制烯烃(MTO)装置中,分馏塔能否正常运行是影响装置长周期、稳定运行的关键之一。采用γ射线扫描技术对分馏塔进行不停车状态下的检测,能有效判断分馏塔存在的各种问题,为分馏塔的操作调整和故障的检修处理提供可靠的依据。     

Separation of buoyant particles from an aqueous dispersion of corn germ particles using a bubble column

Experiments were conducted to study the use of a bubble column to separate oil from dispersions of corn germ particles in buffered aqueous solution. Particles and aggregates as large as 1 mm which contained oil droplets about in size were suspended in the dispersions. The dispersion was subsequently heated, dosed with enzyme and pumped into a bubble column. Buoyant fine particles and aggregates were lifted through the 2.9 L of the dispersion in a column by nitrogen bubbles and were incorporated into a foam layer at the top of the liquid. The foam drained from the column through a port a few cm above the top of the dispersion and was collected and subsequently centrifuged to separate a free oil layer. The oil yields were comparable to those obtained by centrifuging entire dispersions churned in an incubator/shaker without the bubbling and foaming. With only endogenous surfactant present in the dispersion, the collected foam comprised a quarter of the dispersion mass and about 3/4 of the dispersion's oil (half as a separate oil layer after centrifugation). The rate of free oil collection was the same whether or not the dispersion was bubbled for several hours prior to foam collection.     

鞍环填料的新构型——双鞍环性能分析

介绍新型鞍环填料———双鞍环填料的构型和特点。通过性能试验与对比分析,表明其基本性能和若干技术经济指标优于环矩鞍填料,可代替传统填料用于塔的节能改造以及热敏性物系分离与真空精馏等的填料塔设计。     

催化反应精馏技术连续制备乙酸乙酯

在直径３０ｍｍ的催化反应精馏塔中进行合成乙酸乙酯的研究，考察了酸醇比、进料流量、回流比、进料位置等因素对过程的影响，在本实验最优条件下，塔顶可获得酯含量大于９４％的产品。     

精密精馏填料塔的稳态特性

本文第一部分探讨精密精馏填料塔的最佳回流比。文中提出一个关联式来估算在一定回流比下的传质单元数,并由此导出最佳回流比图。精密精馏最佳回流比的最大值约为1.4R_m。 本文第二部分探讨最佳的塔径与填料尺寸比。实验是在内径分别为20、28、32、44mm,填料层高从1020到1475mm四个填料塔中用2.5×2.5mm三角螺旋填料以正庚烷-甲基环己烷系统进行。根据实验求得的全塔浓度分布曲线,在除去塔顶及塔底两端的端效应后,得出填料层的真实分离效率（即传质单元高度或每米填料高的传质单元数）。以真实分离效率与塔径及填料尺寸比作图,所有恒气速下的曲线都呈现出最佳点,并且其比值几乎相同。对于这种填料,最佳塔径与填料尺寸比约为13—14,此值与普通填料或工业填料大致相似。     

ENTRAINMENT OF FINES FROM FLUIDIZED BEDS WITH AN EXPANDED FREEBOARD

Apart from accomodating cyclones, expanded freeboards are very effective at reducing the particle carryover from fluidized beds by reducing the superficial gas velocity. However, few experimental studies have been done on this aspect of entrainment.

Batch experiments on entrainment have been carried out at velocities of 0.2m/s to 0.8 m/s using Group A FCC powders in 76 mm and 152 mm diameter columns and also in a column constructed from a 76 mm diameter section 1.1m high at the bottom having a 152 mm diameter section with a height of 1.3 m above it. This is referred to as the expanded column. Results show that by doubling the diameter of the top section the total entrainment fluxes, E_z, are reduced to about 1% of the original values. The elutriation rate constants, K^*_i∞, of fines entrained from fluidized beds with an expanded freeboard are best calculated using as the equilibrium concentrations those in the dense bed, X_bi, but the gas velocities and the cross sectional area used are those based on the larger expanded section of the column.     

乌桕梓油脂肪酸组成分析

乌柏是我国四大木本油料之一,种子含油量高,乌桕梓油是由种仁榨取所得的液体油脂,是轻工业、食品和国防等行业的重要油源。乌桕梓油甲酯化后,利用100 m×0.25 mm的GC毛细管柱,气相色谱法测定乌桕梓油的脂肪酸组成。测定结果表明：乌桕梓油中饱和脂肪酸占10.68%,以棕榈酸含量最高,占7.52%。不饱和脂肪酸占89.13%,单不饱和脂肪酸占18.63%,以油酸含量最高,占14.55%;多不饱和脂肪酸占70.50%;其中含量最高的为人体所必需的脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占30.77%和39.30%。还含有相当数量天然植物中少有的奇数碳原子脂肪酸十一烷酸,占0.29%。其中月桂烯酸（占3.19%）和十一烷酸未见报道。     

多组元精馏开工动态过程的模拟

本文对多组元物系板式塔精馏在塔顶、塔板和塔釜均有存料情况下的开工动态过程进行了模拟计算和实验研究.结果表明,计算值与实验值基本相符.     

Profit maximization of the normal hexane recovery process through a thermal integration method

We developed a separation process that can minimize utility consumption in order to obtain normal hexane from crude raffinates for electronic-grade reagents. For the separation of normal hexane from the crude raffinate mixtures, a two-column configuration was selected. The first distillation column removes lighter constituents than normal hexane as a column top product, after which heavier constituents containing normal hexane are put into the middle of the second distillation column. This allows normal hexane with a purity of 95.5 wt% to be obtained from the top of the second distillation column by removing the constituents that are heavier than normal hexane as a second column bottom product. When both distillation columns are operated at approximately atmospheric pressure, it requires about 5.2 tons of steam per hour both for the reboiling heating source. However, when the operating pressure of the second distillation column is increased, the vapor stream coming out of the top of the second distillation column can be used as a heating medium for the reboiling source of the first distillation column. In this way, steam of only 3.1 tons per hour is required, potentially reducing the amount of steam used to 59.6% of the original amount.     

PET工艺塔的优化设计

利用工艺塔中原来18层塔盘改为下部用4层塔盘、上部用2层3000mm填料的结构、浮阀改用导向浮阀、设备法兰采用唇焊法兰、进行加热盘管结构改变、回流采用自行设计的盘式分布器、塔顶采用导向装置等方法,对工艺塔进行优化设计。