某黄金矿山高浓度含氰废水处理试验

某黄金矿山针对含氰废水中含有高浓度氰化物和重金属等特点,分别采用酸化回收法和硫化回收法对废水中的铜进行回收,考察铜的回收效果。回收铜渣经过高温脱氰处理后满足《黄金行业氰渣污染控制技术规范》（HJ 943—2018）作为有色金属冶炼的替代原料要求,可以精矿产品形式计价外售;废水再经降氰沉淀法深度处理,进一步降低氰化物和重金属含量。在最佳试验条件下,废水中总氰化物浓度＜50 mg/L,处理后废水能循环利用至生产工艺中,且能保证工艺稳定运行。     

溶剂萃取富集回收金矿氰化废水中铜氰络合离子的研究

采用三辛基甲基氯化铵(N263)-磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-正辛醇-磺化煤油协同萃取体系从金矿氰化废水中富集和回收有价金属,主要研究了N263与TBP的浓度、振荡时间、水相初始pH、相比(O/A)对铜氰络合离子萃取率的影响及协同萃取反应机制。研究表明,采用N263(20 vol.%)-TBP(15 vol.%)-正辛醇（10 vol.%）-磺化煤油体系在室温,O/A为1:1,pH值为10、混相时间为5min的条件下,废水中铜离子的单级萃取率可达到为98.9%,饱和萃取容量为19576 mg/L。饱和负载有机相经1 mol/L NaOH+5 mol/L NaSCN溶液反萃,在相比（O/A）为2:1的条件下,单级反萃液中Cu离子浓度可达到23000 mg/L,实现了废水中铜氰络合离子的有效富集。萃取过程中铜氰络合离子优先与TBP结合从而失去亲水性,随后再与N263阳离子发生离子缔合反应进入有机相。     

铜冶炼副产品粗硫酸镍净化除杂工艺研究

为了提升粗硫酸镍的价值和综合回收有价金属铜，针对铜冶炼副产品粗硫酸镍中杂质含量高的问题进行了净化除杂工艺研究。试验结果表明，采用氟化沉淀法除钙镁—Lix984N选择性萃取回收铜—P204萃取深度除杂工艺，以NaF为沉淀剂，溶液中的Ca2+、Mg2+的去除率分别为9163%、8988%；以Lix984N为萃取剂选择性回收铜，铜综合回收率为9850%；以P204作萃取剂，溶液中的Zn2+的萃取率为9994%。净化后的硫酸镍溶液蒸发结晶获得的硫酸镍产品质量符合HG/T 2824—2009Ⅱ类优等品要求，全流程镍综合回收率为9571%。     

电积-酸化法从高铜氰溶液中回收铜氰锌

采用电积和部分酸化交替的方法处理金故贫液产出的高浓度铜氰溶液,有效地回收了铜、锌和氰,经过４～５次电积－部分酸化循环,高浓度铜化物溶液中铜浓度由３０ｇ／ｌ降至４．５ｇ／ｌ,从阴极获得了平均含铜７１％的黄铜（Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金）或含铜９８．６％的粗铜,平均阴极电流效率为６８％。氰则以ＮａＣＮ溶液得到回收,铜的回收国９９．２％。氰的回收率为９％。电积液可循环使用无废液排放。     

用新的湿法冶金工艺从氰化物溶液中回收金

丘提奇(Cutech)工艺是一种从氰化物溶液中回收金的新湿法冶金工艺,主要优点是:回收的金量大,呈金属状态可直接冶炼;氰化物能经济回收和循环使用;同时回收金属铜。矿石中的铜和金用氰化物溶解,然后,在非常精确的控制条件下,用药剂处理浸出阶段的澄清富液。这样就能沉淀出金和铜,并使氰     

溶剂萃取净化氯气浸出高铜氯化镍溶液和铜的回收工艺研究

本文研究了用溶剂萃取净化高冰镍精炼中一次合金氯气全浸含高铜的氯化镍溶液和铜回收工艺。选择Ｎ＿（２３５）（叔胺）—石油亚砜—２６０号煤油萃取体系，离心萃取器做为萃取设备，设计了溶液净化和铜回收全流程，进行萃取平衡实验和台架扩大试验。净化后镍溶液可用于电解法生产１号电解镍，镍收率大于９９％，得到的ＣｕＳＯ＿４溶液可生产结晶硫酸铜或电解铜，铜收率大于９０％。     

从粗硫酸镍溶液中选择性萃取回收铜的研究

采用Lix984N—煤油—H2SO4萃取体系,从粗硫酸镍溶液中选择性回收铜,研究了初始pH值、萃取剂体积分数、相比O/A等对铜萃取的影响。结果表明,在初始pH值为2.4、萃取剂体积分数为25%、相比O/A为1∶1的条件下,经一级萃取即可获得铜萃取率为98.19%,镍萃取率仅为0.68%的良好指标。以H2SO4浓度为180 g/L溶液作反萃剂,在相比O/A为1∶1条件下经一级反萃,铜的反萃率为99.05%。铜以CuSO4溶液的形式回收,可以作为制备硫酸铜晶体或电积制备电解铜的原料。     

金渠金矿含氰污水处理技术的应用

介绍了酸化法、二氧化氯、半酸化法处理含氰废水的工作原理,以金渠金矿氰化厂为例,采用半酸化法和酸化法相结合的工艺处理含氰污水,回收污水中的氰化物和铜,实现了含氰污水零排放,既达到环保的目的又产生了一定的经济效益。     

金渠金矿含氰污水处理技术的应用

介绍了酸化法、二氧化氯、半酸化法处理含氰废水的工作原理,以金渠金矿氰化厂为例,采用半酸化法和酸化法相结合的工艺处理含氰污水,回收污水中的氰化物和铜,实现了含氰污水零排放,既达到环保的目的又产生了一定的经济效益。     

含锌、铜溶液萃取分离及锌的回收研究

采用Lix 984N对含杂质锌、砷、铁、锑的硫酸铜溶液进行了铜萃取分离和锌回收研究,解决了含多种杂质的硫酸铜溶液传统沉淀法存在的净化分离困难问题。研究结果表明,铜萃取分离采用3级萃取、1级洗涤和2级反萃,可得到锌、砷、铁、锑含量均低于2 mg/L的符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液。萃余液采用Ca CO3预中和除去大部分砷、铁、锑,再用Na2CO3沉锌,得到含锌大于40%的高锌渣。     

紫金山含铜酸性废水硫化法治理工业运用研究

研究硫化法新工艺从紫金山含铜酸性废水中回收铜工业化运行。经过研究硫化钠与硐坑水接触反应15 min反应完全,ORP控制在150~180 mV,硐坑水中铜金属回收率大于95%,回收金属经济效益最佳,同时处理后的溶液达到国家Ⅰ类水排放标准。该法有利于降低废水治理成本,提高铜资源综合利用率,有较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

澳斯麦特炉渣选铜工艺研究与生产实践

某公司澳斯麦特炉渣中的铜主要为硫化铜,其次为少量的金属铜,还有微量的氧化铜、易溶铜盐和其它铜。铜矿物嵌布粒度细且不均匀,呈粒状、浸染状、星点状分布。通过缓冷工艺、磨矿和浮选药剂等的试验研究,确定了两段磨矿分级后进行铜浮选的原则流程,并在原诺兰达炉渣磨浮生产工艺基础上进行技术改造。澳斯麦特炉渣选铜多年生产实践的结果表明,当原渣品位1.152%时,获得的精矿品位19.31%,尾矿品位0.243%,选铜回收率79.91%,生产实践取得成功。     

Recovery of copper cyanide from waste cyanide solution by LIX 7950

The use of the guanidine extractant, LIX 7950, to extract copper cyanide from waste cyanide solution has been investigated. Copper extraction is favorable at low pH while a high cyanide to copper molar ratio tends to suppress copper loading. The extractant also strongly extracted zinc and nickel from cyanide solution, but the extraction of iron was poor. The presence of thiocyanate ion significantly depressed copper extraction, but thiosulfate ion produced negligible impact on copper extraction. The preferential extraction of metal cyanide species to free cyanide has been noticed. The potential application of the recovery technique as a pre-concentration step for the treatment of cyanide effluent has been suggested, by which copper can be extracted and concentrated into a small volume of solution and the barren cyanide solution recycled to the cyanidation process.     

国内选矿厂废水的处理现状与研究进展

针对我国选矿厂废水处理工艺的现状,根据废水水质不同,分别介绍了含悬浮物废水、酸碱废水、含氰废水以及含重金属离子废水的治理技术的研究进展。     

The use of ion exchange resins for the treatment of cyanidation tailings part 1––process development of selective base metal elution

This work investigates the use of oxidative acid eluents for the elution of base metals from strong base ion exchange resins. Eluents composed of a mixture of H₂O₂ and H₂SO₄ were tested for eluting base metals from resins loaded with mixtures of base and precious metal cyanides. This process removed 100% of Cu and Zn loaded on the resin, without affecting the precious metal loading. It was found that copper could be removed separately from the other base metals. The elution technique was not effective for removing iron from the resin. Cyanide associated with base metals was recovered as NaCN. Some oxidation of cyanide was noticed, subject to the elution conditions.This oxidative acid elution process could be used in commercial operations for the selective elution of base metals from a strong base ion exchange resin bed operating in alternative adsorption/base metal elution cycles. Thus, virtually all metal cyanide species could be recovered from cyanide leached solutions or slurries to give relatively clean tailings without compromising precious metal recovery efficiency. The process also caters for cyanide recovery and recycling.     

TiO2/膨润土催化剂降解工业废水研究

以改性的新疆乌兰陵格膨润土、钛酸丁酯和四氯化钛为原料，制备PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂和TiO₂/柱撑膨润土催化剂。将两种催化剂分别应用于新疆某毛纺厂印染废水、甲基橙模拟印染废水、某石化废水进行降解研究。研究结果：PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂对甲基橙模拟印染废水的最高降解率2 h达87.67%，TiO₂/柱撑膨润土催化剂对某石化废水的最高降解率2 h达78.12%。而两者对新疆某毛纺厂废水的最高降解率2 h内分别为44.15%,40.53%。还对PEG改性TiO₂/膨润土催化剂的回收利用以及毛纺厂印染废水的二级降解进行了初探。     

Cyanide recovery by ion exchange from gold ore waste effluents containing copper

The recovery of cyanide from waste effluents of the cyanidation process in gold extraction plants is important environmentally and economically. In this respect ion exchange is being tested as a possible economic and versatile method for gold ores containing copper minerals. The present study shows the potential of strong and weak base ion exchange resins, particularly the former, for separating copper cyanide complexes from these industrial effluents, and in particular the feasibility of elution with different eluants. Three possible reagents are proposed for use with these resins and the industrial effluents as load solutions: NaCN, NaSCN and NaNO₃. The recovery of copper complexes from industrial effluents using a strong base resin, Lewatit MP-500, and NaSCN as eluant solution, is very high, with recoveries of over 90% in each step. Problems arise when several cycles of load and elution are carried out with the resin, and the performance of the resin decreases when working with unfiltered solutions after several operational cycles.     

Copper cyanide removal by precipitation with quaternary ammonium salts

Cyanide is widely used in the mining industry to extract gold from ores. Some of the minerals processed for precious metals extraction contain copper species which may react with cyanide to form cuprocyanide complexes. The presence of these copper species affects adversely the process and causes high cyanide consumption. In order to overcome these limitations this laboratory work explores the feasibility of removing the copper–cyanide complexes by precipitation with quaternary ammonium salts, allowing the remaining solution, free of copper and containing free cyanide, to be recycled to the cyanidation process. The first part of the experimental work was performed with synthetic copper–cyanide solution simulating a high copper–cyanide solution (2700 mg/L cyanide, 730 mg/L copper and pH adjusted to 12 with CaO) and three quaternary ammonium salts: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HTA), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTA) and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDA). The results showed that it is possible to remove up to 90% of the copper in the precipitate when adding 12.32 g OTA/g copper at pH 12. The free cyanide remains unreacted in the solution and could be recycled to the process. Results of tests performed at different pH values suggest that regardless the initial species distribution in the solution, the solid formed will contain mainly copper tricyanide and some of copper tetracyanide. The molar ratio CN/Cu in the solid is around 3 while the molar ratio OTA/Cu is around 2. This implies that some amount of copper tetracyanide is transformed into copper tricyanide while reacting with the amine and forming the precipitate. When zinc is also present in the cyanide solution, the ammonium salt will react first with the zinc–cyanide complexes before precipitating the copper cyanides. Tests performed with an industrial solution corroborated the results obtained with synthetic solutions: quaternary ammonium salts (e.g. OTA) react with copper and zinc cyanides (but not with free cyanide) to form a precipitated that can be separated from the solution by filtration. An analytic technique for measuring quaternary ammonium salts HTA and OTA in solution was developed.     

玻利维亚某氧化铜矿选冶工艺研究

玻利维亚某氧化铜矿氧化率高、结合率高,单一浮选法不能有效地处理该矿石,但该矿石的碱性脉石含量少,适宜于酸浸处理。浮选—酸浸联合工艺试验、搅拌浸出试验、柱浸试验及萃取—电积试验结果显示,该矿石适宜的工业处理工艺为原矿堆浸—萃取—反萃取—电积,其特点是铜浸出率高、阴极铜质量高、投资省且生产运行成本低。